人教版高中英语【选修八】[知识点整理及重点题型梳理] 话题语言应用——考古与历史

1、精品文档用心整理人教版高中英语选修八知识点梳理重点题型（常考知识点）巩固练习话题语言应用考古与历史语言积累交际用语1特征itlookslike.它看起来像.itcouldbebecause.可能是因为.howlargedoyouthinkitis?你认为它有多大？isthereany.onthe.?在.有什么.吗？itmaybeusedas/for.它可能被用作/用来.isitingoodpoorcondition?它状态良好/不好吗？itcouldbemadefrom.它可能是由.制成的。whatdoyouthinkitis?你认为它是什么？2建议ithinkthatweshould.bec

2、ause.我想我们应该.，因为.whatif.?如果.，我们怎么办呢？if.，thenmaybeweoughtto.如果.，那时也许我们应该.perhapsweshould/could.也许我们应该/可以.itseemslikely/unlikelythat.似乎是可能的/不太可能的。isuggestwe.我建议我们.wemustaskforhelpfrom.我们必须向.求助。3假定itisreasonabletoassumethat.假设.是合理的。ourevidencesuggeststhat.我们掌握的证据表明.itseemsthat.似乎.perhapstherewas.也许有.wet

3、hinkthat.我们认为.itsuggeststhat.情况表明.话题语句（1）wordsforarchaeology有关考古的词汇1.excavate挖掘collect收集identifyandanalyze识别分析2.claylamp粘土灯chinesechimes编钟stone/jadeaxe石/玉斧terra-cottawarriors兵马俑资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理pottery陶器boneneedle骨针stonetools石制工具（石器）stoneware粗陶，石器，缸瓷adeathmaskofanegyptianpharaoh埃及法老死亡面具3.hunta

4、nimals猎兽catchfish捕鱼rubstonesforfires击燧石取火cutfatandmeatfrombones剔骨取肉collectnutsandfruits收集坚果和水果tradewithpeoplewhohaveseashells与有贝壳的人交易4.primitivepeople原始人skull颅骨layersofash积灰有关句子：archaeologistsstudyearlypeoplebyexaminingtheobjectstheyused.考古学家研究早期人类用过的物品来研究他们。beinganarchaeologistneedsawiderangeofknow

5、ledge.成为考古学家需要广博的知识。theearliestpeopleusedfiretokeepthemwarm,cookthefoodandscarewildbeastsaway.早期人类用火取暖、烹煮食物、驱赶野兽。theymighthavehunganimalskinsatthecavemouthtokeepoutthecold.他们可能把兽皮挂在洞口来御寒。perhapstheycutanimalskinsandsewedthepiecestogethertomakeclothes.也许他们切割兽皮，缝在一起来做衣服。didtheysufferfromcold,starvatio

6、nordisease？他们遭受了寒冷、饥荒和疾病吗？【meetingyourancestors语言应用】话题语句（2）sixdiscoveriesthatchangedthearchaeologicalworldoneofthemostexcitingthingsaboutarchaeologyisthatitisanever-changinglandscape,constantlycausingustoreconsiderourmostfirmly-heldbeliefsaboutthepastandthepeople.buteverysooftenatrulyspectaculardisc

7、overyemerges（显露）thatchangesthewaywethinkaboutacivilizationforever.要点提示：archaeological考古学的landscape风景constantly不断地civilization文明everysooften偶尔,时常1.knossos,crete克里特岛，克诺索斯（遗迹）arthurevansexcavationsin1900-1905uncoveredavastmiddlebronzeagepalaceboastingsome1,300rooms.themostimportantdiscovery,however,was

8、atfirstglancethousandsofslabs(平板)ofbakedclay.thesetabletsboreinscriptions(题字)inanever-beforeseenlanguage.itwasanother50yearsbeforemichaelventriscracked(破解)thecode,makingittheoldestdeciphered(破译)languageineurope.要点提示：excavation挖掘middlebronzeage铜器时代中期boast自夸，以有.而自豪bakedclay被烘烤过的粘土资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心

9、整理bear(bore,borne)忍受，具有埃2.tutankhamunstomb,egypt及，法老墓(arguablyoneofthemostfamousandspectaculararchaeologicaldiscoveriesofalltime,howardcartersexcavationatthevalleyofthekingsin1922propelled推进)ashort-livedandperhapsratherpoliticallyunimportantpharaoh(法老)intothehistorybooks.tutankhamunmayhavediedwhiles

10、tillinhisteensbuthistombhadbeenpackedwithbeautifulobjectsbefittinghisroyalstatus.3.machupicchu,peru秘鲁，马丘比丘城“rediscovered”byhirambinghamin1911,thismonumentalinca（印加人）citadel（城堡）wasbuiltinthemid-15thcenturyonamountaintop.itsstunningnaturalsurroundingsandawe-inspiring（令人惊叹的）standingremainsmakethisatrul

11、yremarkablesiteavividreminderofthetechnologicalcapabilities（能力）andpoweroftheincaempireatitspeak（顶峰）.要点提示：monumental纪念碑的remarkable引人注目的4.therosettastone,egypt埃及，罗赛塔石碑(thisisthefindthatprovidedthekeytoourunderstandingofhieroglyphs象形文字),morethan1,000yearsafterknowledgeofhowtoreadtheancientegyptiansymbo

12、lshadfadedfrommemory.foundbynapoleonsarmyduringtheconstructionofafort（堡垒）,thisslab（厚片）hasatrilingualinscription（碑铭）writteningreek,demotic（通俗文字）andhieroglyphs.要点提示：fade褪去，逐渐消失trilingual三种语言的greek希腊语5.thetombofthefirstemperor,china中国，秦始皇墓standingtoattentioninneatrows,some8,000soldiersstandguardtoprote

13、ctthetombofqinshihuang,unifier（统一者）andfirstemperorofchina.theyareaccompaniedby130chariots（战车）pulledbyover500horses,aswellas150cavalry（骑兵）horsesandcivilian,officials,acrobats（杂技演员）andmusicians.discoveredbyfarmersin1974,thepits（坑）inwhichtheyarearrangedareaworldheritage（遗产）site.要点提示：standtoattention立正s

14、ome约standguard站岗accompany陪伴civilian平民6.akrotiri,greece希腊，阿科罗提利（遗址）althoughnotaswell-knownastheromanruinsatpompeii,thisremarkablywell-preservedbronzeagecityonthegreekislandgivesanequallyvividinsightintothelivesofitsinhabitants.akrotiriwasonceaprosperoustradingcentre,abandonedafteravolcaniceruptionbur

15、iedthesiteinash.itshousesmanypreserveduptotwoorthreestorieshigh,alongwithfurnitureandpotterylayundisturbedfor3,500yearsuntilthesitewasexcavatedbyspyridonmarianatosin1967.要点提示：ruins遗址well-preserved保存很好的inhabitant居民stor(e)y层资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理话题语句（3）有用的句子-试试你会了吗？1.你们一定很清楚，正是在这个地方，我们找到了居住在世界上这一部分最早

16、人类的证据。youmust_itsherethatwefound_ofsomeoftheearliestpeople_livedinthispartoftheworld.2.早期人类也像我们现在一样讲究外貌吗？didearlypeoplereally_their_likewedo?3.正如植物学分析结果告诉我们的那样，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。asthe_haveshownus,allthefieldsaroundhere_partofalarge_lake.4.他们并不种植谷物，而是在野果熟了的时候采摘野果。theydidnt_theirown_,but_fruitwhenit_.5.

17、我们一直在挖掘一层层的积灰，几乎有6米厚，这意味着他们可能整个冬天都在烧火。we_layersofashalmostsixmetresthick,whichsuggeststhatthey_thefire_allwinter.6.他是一名研究骨骼的专家，寻找和鉴别早期人类的遗骨是他的夙愿。hewasa_bonesanditwashisambitiontofindand_bonesofearlyhumans.7.他知道他的成功几乎完全应归于他助手的有条理的努力工作。heknewthathissuccesswasalmostentirely_hisassistants_hardwork.8.我已受

18、够了备受关注，并且.i_alltheattentionand.9.她记得当时血在血管中剧烈地搏动着。sherememberedtheblood_throughher_.10.当她几乎快到达目的地时，一阵香气扑鼻，她停住了脚步。shehadalmostreachedher_adelicioussmell_her_andshestopped.11.烤肉的香味弥漫在周围的空气中，她因为饥饿而感到眩晕。thesmellofcookingmeat_theair_her,andhersensesbecame_.12.他所在的大学意识到他的工作的重大意义。hisuniversitywas_the_ofhis

19、work.参考答案：1.beawarethat(意识到，知道)；evidence；who（引导定语从句）2.careabout（关心，担心，在乎）；appearance3.botanicalanalyses(“analysis分析”的复数);usedtobe;shallow(浅)4.grow;crop;picked;ripened(ripen成熟，使熟)5.havebeenexcavating;mighthavekept;burning6.aspecialistinthestudyof;identify（识别）7.dueto;systematic有条理的(“system系统”的形容词)8.am

20、fedupwith;9.pulsing（pulsevi.强烈而有规律地跳动，搏动）veins(血管，静脉)-remembersb.doing记得某人做过.10.destination（目的地，终点）;when;arrested（阻止，吸引）;progress（前进，进展）资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理眩晕（重要11.filled;surrounding;（dizzy的）withhunger12.awareof;significance性，意义）写作运用描述考古发现的说明文此类说明文，要从名称、地点、考古发现以及意义等方面进行介绍，让读者对此考古发现有进一步的了解。1.准确把握说

21、明对象。根据写作目的与要求，抓住说明对象的主要特征。2.说明过程条理清晰，要根据说明对象的特征来合理安排写作顺序。3.注意时态，可能使用各种时态。4.语言要通俗简洁、实事求是。常用表达：sthoughttobetheworldoldest.,ithasbeendiscovered.itcouldbethefirstevidenceof.itdated/datesbacktoatleast.itwasconstructedmorethan.centuries/yearsago.itwasfirstdiscovered.largenumbersof.havebeendiscoveredin.the

22、discoveryof.wasfurtherevidencethat.furtherevidencethat.camewiththediscoveryof.thefirstsignofcivilizationin.datesbackto/datesfromaround.itmeansthat.itisgenerallyconsidered/thought.themysteryof.remainsunknown/uncertain.itiswellpreserved.要点提示：回discover发现datebackto溯到construct修建，建立evidence证据further进一步的my

23、stery神秘的人/事物写作范文example1下表是你在互联网上找到的一个原始部落遗址的信息，请根据下表用英语给学校英语报写一篇120词左右的稿件，介绍这一遗址。名称地点发现意义历史链接凌家滩原始部落遗址安徽含山县凌家滩一个城市的基本要素：固定居民点，大规模的神庙建筑，防御设施、手工业作坊及集市。此外，还有大量的陶器、玉器、石器等。1.表明中国早在5,500年前就出现了城市，从而使中国城市的历史向前推进1,000多年。2.意味着中华民族文明史从五千年延伸到七、八千年，甚至更久远的时间。在此之前，考古学家认为中国最早的城市坐落在山东省日照市五莲县丹土村，距今有4,000多年的历史。参考词汇：资

24、料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理原始部落遗址primitivetribalsite;固定居民点afixedresidentialarea参考范文：aprimitivetribalsiteconsideredtobetheoldestcityinchinahasbeendiscoveredinlingjiatan,hanshancountyofanhuiprovince.theruinsincludedthebasicelementsofacity:afixedresidentialarea,alarge-scaletemple,defenses,marketplaces,andwo

25、rkshops.alargenumberofpotteries,jadesandstonewarewerealsodiscovered.thesediscoveriesprovethecitysexistenceinchinaasfarbackas5,500years,addinganother1,000yearstochinasurbanhistory.thefindingswillextendthecivilhistoryofthechinesepeoplefrom5,000to7,0008,000years,evenmoreyears.beforearchaeologiststhough

26、ttheoldestcityinchinawasthedantuvillagelocatedinwuliancountyofrizhaocity,shangdongprovince,whichwasbuiltmorethan4,000yearsago.example2请你以一个博物馆讲解员的身份为三星堆遗址的导游手册用英语写四件文物（specialbronzetree,bronzemask,bronzebird,aclaypot）的简介。内容包括：1.文物的发现地及时间、文物的年代；2.描述文物的外形、颜色、形状、原材料等；3.它们可能的用途；4.从中了解到的早期人类的生活情况。参考范文：th

27、earchaeologicalsiteofsanxingduiwasdiscoveredin1929anditsfindsdatedbacktobetween3,000and5,000yearsago.themostimportantfindsarethebronzes,andwehavepicturesoffourofthemforyouhere.1.specialbronzetreeitis395centimetershighwithsomebranchesonthetree.therearethreekindsoffruitoneachbranch.oneofthefruitisapea

28、ch.thetreemayhavehadreligiousmeaningandisconnectedwiththeskyandtheearth.2.bronzemaskthisisaman-facemaskwithtwoeyes,twoearsandhair.itfitsoveranadultface.youcanseetheteeth,andtheylookasifthemanwassmiling.theeyebrowsgrowintothehair.thenoseisveryflat.thismaskmayhaverepresentedagodsothatthepersonwhoworei

29、twouldhaveactedtheroleofthegod.3.bronzebirdthisisaveryrealisticandlivelybronzestatueofabird.itswingisnotrealisticbutshowssomefeatherspointingtothesky.itrepresentedtheideathatallanimalshavespiritsandbirdswereespeciallyimportant.itmayhavebeenusedforreligiouspurposes.资料来源于网络仅供免费交流使用精品文档用心整理4.thefourthp

30、ictureisaclaypot.thisclaypotwasfoundwiththebronzeobjectsalreadydescribed.itrestsonthreethicklegswhichmakeitverysturdy.ithasalongstraightbodyendinginadomeatthetopofthelid.thereisalsoanopenmouth-likeparttopourtheliquidinorout.thehandlereachesfrombelowtheopenholetothebeginningofthethreethicklegs.itcoul

31、dhavebeenusedtoholdandpourbyrichpeopleatparties.theownersofthisobjectclearlywantedafunctionaljugbutonethathadstyleandelegance.theywereclearlypeoplewithartistictaste.itmusthavecomefromanoldbutsophisticatedcivilization.whatwecanlearnfromtheseobjects1.wecanlearnthatthepeopleatsanxingduicouldmakebronze.2.theycoulduseitextremelyskillfullytomakeveryspecialobjectsthatlookedlikemanyofthethingsthepeoplesawaroundthem.3.theywerealsoabletomakeobjectsfordecoration(egthefacemask)whichsuggeststhattheyhadadevelopedculture.4.theymayhaveusedthe