2020年中考英语二轮复习名词学案设计无答案

1、专题一 名词 一、名词的分类：名词分为专有名词和普通名词。 1、专有名词：个人，地方,机构等专有名称，如：China, Shanghai, Li lei等。专有名词的首字母通常要大写。具体说来，它包括人名、地名、月份、星期、节日、书名、电影名以及某些抽象名词等。如：Jim 吉姆 China 中国 July 七 Friday 星期五 Christmas 圣诞节 English 英语 2、普通名词：指表示一类人或东西或抽象概念的名词。 1）个体名词：某类人或东西中的个体，如 fighter, gun, country，cup, desk, student等。一般可数，有单复数形式。 2）集体名词：

2、若干个体组成的集合体，如 family, team, police, class等。一般可数，有单复数形式 3）物质名词：无法分为个体的实物，如 cotton，tea, air等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 4）抽象名词：动作, 状态, 品质, 感情等抽象概念. 如 health, happiness，love, work, life等。一般不可数，没有单复数之分。 二、名词的数：可数名词都有单数和复数之分；不可数名词没有复数形式。【重点】 1、规则的可数名词的复数变化规则： 1）一般情况加 s ：books，mouths，houses，girls等。 2）以 s，sh，ch，x结尾的加 e

3、s：classes，boxes，matches等。 3）辅音字母 + y结尾的变 y为 ies：cities，countries，parties，factories等。 4）以 o 结尾的词 +es：heroes，Negroes，tomatoes，potatoes等。 以 o 结尾 +s：radios，zoos，bamboos，pianos，kilos，photos等。 5）以f，fe 结尾的多数 +es：leaves，lives，wives，knives，halves，wolves等。 直接 + s 的名词：roofs proofs, gulfs, beliefs等。 2、 不规则的可数名词

4、的变化规则：【难点】 1） 改变单数名词中的元音字母或其他形式。如：man men, woman women, tooth teeth, foot feet, mouse mice, child children等。 2）单复数形式相同。如：sheep, deer, fish等，以及由汉语音译表示度量、币制等单位Chinese, Japanese, 结尾的表示民族的名词也一样同形。如：-ss或-ese另外以yuan.的名词。如：Swiss等。 以-an结尾或其他形式结尾的表示民族、国家的人的名词变复数时在词尾加-s.如：Americans, Asians, Russians, Australi

5、ans, Italians, Germans等。 注意：Englishman Englishmen, Frenchman Frenchmen. 3）单复数相同: sheep, fish, deer, means, Chinese, Japanese, works. 说明 A. fish如表示不同种类的鱼时复数是fishes： There are many kinds of fishes in that lake. B. 以man, woman 修饰名词构成合成词时,两个词都变化. man servantmen servants. (boy/girl students) woman doctor

6、women doctors. 3、复合名词的复数形式: son-in-law-sons-in-law , looker-onlookers-on, 主体名词变化 4、物质名词一般没有复数，但如下情况除外： A. 用复数形式表示不同种类： wheats, fruits, vegetables. B. 表示比原文更广的词义： woodwoods, waterwaters, sandsands. 5、定冠词加姓氏的复数表示一家人：the Turners, the Smiths, the Wangs. 6、集体名词people, police 总是作复数： Several police were on

7、 duty. 7、集体名词class, public, family, population, team, crew 等单复数都有，但意义不同： The class is big.- The class are taking notes in English. The population in China is larger.- 80% of the population in China are peasants. 8、hair 表示总体时是不可数： His hair is grey 如果表示若干根头发可以加复数词尾。 He had a few white hairs. 9、以s 结尾的学

8、科名词只作单数。mathematics , physics, politics等；news也是如此。 10、glasses， trousers， 等常用复数；但如果这些词前用 a pair of / this pair of/that pair of等修饰时谓语动词有pair 来决定：Where are my glasses ？My new pair of trousers is too long. Here are some new pairs of shoes. 11、不可数名词没有复数形式，如果表示“一个”的概念，可用单位词： a piece of news / information

9、/ advice / bread / cake / paper / meat / coal a bottle of ink, a grain of rice , a cake of soap 【重点】 12、中考常考不可数名词：information, weather, news, advice, fun等。 说明：可数名词和不可数名词之间并没有截然的界限；可数名词可以转变为不可 ，同样不可数名词也可以转变为可数名词，要看清整个上下文的具体内容。 数名词一、名词的各种分类 单、复数的用法及单数名词变复数名词的方式，包括可数名词的复数的变化规则，少数不规则名词的复数形式及部分单复、数同形的名词。

10、 【考例】There is good_ for you. Ive found your lost watch. A. news B. ideas C. messages D. thoughts 答案A。解析 四个选项都是以s结尾的名词，其中A为不可数名词，B、C、D为名词的复数形式，句中用了连系动词is，所以只有A项正确。 My uncle will come to my house for dinnerI want to buy some _to make a vegetable salad for him Ameat Btomatoes Capple juice 答案B。解析下文说制作蔬菜

11、沙拉，故选蔬菜类的tomatoes。 The teacher said we needed to choose three for the school concert. A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers 答案 D。 解析可数名词的复数形式是在原形后加“s”。根据school concert可知，需要挑选的是singers。 At night the koala bear gets up and eats_ A1eaf B1eaves C leafs 答案B。解析考查名词leaf的复数形式。 以f或fe结尾的名词在变复数时，一般将f或fe变

12、v后，加es。 The PLA man saved three _lives in the accident Achildrens Bchildren Cchild Dchilds 答案A。解析考查名词所有格的用法。three后接复数children，变名词所有格时直接加“s”，故选A。 Come on，childrenHelp yourselves to some_ if you like Afish and chicken Bfishes and chicken Cfish and chickens Dfishes and chickens 答案A。解析fish(鱼肉)和chicken(鸡

13、肉)都是不可数名词。 All the _teachers enjoyed themselves on March 8th，because it was their own holiday Aman Bmen Cwoman Dwomen woman 单数形式用”女教师“因此是女教师。可知是妇女节，on March 8th由时间解析。D答案teacher，复数形式两个词都要变为复数。故选D。 二、不可数名词数量的表达法 用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示，量词可以是单数也可以是复数，但of后面的名词只能用单数。 Mr Smith always has _to tell us Aso

14、me good pieces of news B some pieces of good news Dsome piece of good newes Csome good piece of newes 答案A。解析考查名词的数的掌握。 news意为“消息”，是不可数名词，所以C、D两项可排除。形容词修饰类似的词组时，一般放在前面。 Would you like to have a look at some pants?They may fit you well 一Well，Id like to try those blue_. Apairs Bone Cpant Dpair 答案A。解析pa

15、nts要用a pair of来修饰，由those blue确定其后接pairs的复数形式，故选A。 Would you like some drinks, boys? 河北 Yes, , please. A. some oranges B. two boxes of chocolates C. some cakes D. two bottles of orange 答案 D 解析orange是不可数名词。可用“数词或冠词量词of不可数名词”这样的结构来表示它的数量。量词（piece, bottle, glass, pair, cup等）是可数名词，可根据情况用单数或复数，但of后面的名词只能用

16、单数。 exciting news! We will have long holiday after the exam. A. What an, a B. What, a C. How an, the D. How, the 答案 B。 解析news为不可数名词，其前面不能用a/an来修饰。不可数名词的确切数量可借助单位词组来表示，如a piece of，a cup of ，two glasses of three bottles of，etc。 三、名词的所有格： 1、s 所有格： 1）构成： A. 一般词尾+ s.：the teachers office, Xiao Lis sisters

17、 husbands mother. B. 以 s 结尾的复数名词只+“ ”： workers rest room. childrens toys. ：s结尾的复数名词加s不以C. D. 复合名词只在最后一个词的后面加 s： my sister-in-laws brother. E. 表示共同所有的几个名词，只在最后一个词的后面加s： This is Tom, James and Dicks room. F. 表示各个所有关系的几个名词，在每个名词后分别加s： Jennys, Jeans and Marys rooms face to the south. G. 名词短语只在最后一个词后加 s：

18、 a quarter of an hours talk. 2）用法： A. 名词所有格主要用于表示有生命的名词，表示所属关系： Lei Fengs dairy. B. 用于表示时间的名词： todays paper. an hours drive. Fridays work. C. 用于表示地理、国家、城市等名词： the countrys plan. the farms fruit. Chinas population. D. 用于表示由人组成的集体名词： our partys stand E. 用于表示度量、价值的名词： two dollars worth of books. a poun

19、ds weight. 2、of所有格： 1）凡不能用s 属格的情况可用 of 属格表示所属关系： the City of New York. a map of China. 2）下列情况通常要用of 属格： A. 当名词有较长的定语时： the name of the girl standing at the gate. Have you read the articles of the students who were with us yesterday. 【难点】 3、双重所有格： 当of前面的名词有不定冠词、指示代词、疑问代词、不定代词或数词如 a, an, this, that, t

20、hese, those, two, three, four, any, some, several, no, few ,another等修饰时，用双重 所有格，双重所有格只用于表示人的名词并且都是特指的： a poem of Lu Xuns . a friend of his/hers . Which novel of Dickens are you reading ? some friends of my brothers . 【难点】 4、几种特殊情况： the key to the door. answers to the question the entrance to the sta

21、tion / cinema tickets for the film / movie a check for $1500. 三、表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“s”来构成所有格。如：todays newspaperten minutes，walk，Chinas industry Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? No, its about _. A. 7 minutes walk B. 7 minute walk C. 7 minutes walk D. 7 minutes walk 答案C。解析考查名

22、词所有格用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时，则只需要加“”即可，则“7分钟的距离”为“7 minutes walk”。 Come and see me in With pleasureThats what Im expecting Atwo or three days Btwo or three days time Ctwo or three days time 答案：C解析：in后接一段时间，此处表示“两三天的时间”，要用名词所有格形式，因two or three days是复数，直接加“”，故选C。 Im going on holiday on the 12thI have to be bac

23、k at work on the 26th.So Ive got two_ holiday Aweeks Bweeks Cweeks Dweek 答案：C解析：本题考查名词所有格的用法。“两周”是复数，用two weeks，weeks变名词所有格时，只需在后面加“”，故选C。 五、语境中名词的选择 根据语境确定名词的词义，再根据句法进一步确定词形。 Studying in a foreign country is a different _and you can learn a lotAevent Bexercise Cexperience Dexhibition 答案：C解析：由选项及句意“

24、在外国学习是一次不同的并且你能学到许多东西。”可知用experience“经历”最合适。故选C。 -Would you like some_? -No, thank you. Im not hungry at all. A. tea B. water C. bread D. coffee 答案C 。解析后文中有hungry，说明上文询问的是关于食品的问题，所以选bread。 Its common _that the Japanese eat Sushi Ainformation Bknowledge Cdirection Dinstruction 答案：B解析：由选项及句意“日本人吃寿司是常识

25、”。information意为“信息”；knowledge意为“知识，学识”； direction意为“方向”；instruction意为“说明”，故选B。 The thing that _is not whether you fan or not，but whether you try or not Aminds Bcares Cmatters Dconsiders 答案：C解析：句意为“问题不在于你失败与否，而在于你是否尝试了”。業摮介意”，慣敲关心”，慭瑴牥有关系，重要”，潣獮摩牥认为，考虑”，故选C。 I dont know how to use this machine 一It do

26、esnt matterHere is the_ Ainstruction Bdirection Cinformation Dadvertisement 答案：A解析：句意：“我不知道怎样使用这台机器。”“没关系。这儿有说明。”故选A。 What do you know about_? Line drawings that show how something works Apictures Bdiagrams Cprogrammes Dpaintings 答案：B解析：由答语中的“画的线表明事情是怎么工作的”可知由“线”来表示，故应是图表。 六、易混名词的区别 主要是要求区别一些常见的容易混淆

27、的名词的用法。 -Look, the tall building looks very modern. -Yes, and there is a garden on its _. A garden in the air! D. floor C. side B. ground A. top 答案A。解析 由A garden in the air可判断为“顶部”。 一How can I tell one tree from another? 一You can mostly tell them by the _of their leaves Ashape B size Cage D color 答案

28、A 。解析本题与生物知识。区别树的不同点时，大多通过树叶的“形状”。 -Oh! There isnt enough _ for us in the bus. -No hurry. Lets wait for the next. A. place B. land C. room D. floor 答案C。解析考查单词room的用法。place意为“地点”；land意为“陆地；room作可数名词时表示“房间”，作不可数名词时意为“地方”；floor意为“楼层，地板”。在“公共汽车上”，只能是没有足够的“地方”。 0ur school held an activity called “Recomme

29、nd Books to Your Teachers”The students made a _of 1 000 books Anote B1ine Cmenu D1ist 答案：D解析：句意为“学生列了一张1 000本书的清单”。潮整笔记”，line“线”，menu“菜单”，list“名单，单子”，故选D。 1.My father bought two_ when he came back from Guilin. A. milk B. bread C. watch D. dictionaries 2.There are fifty _ in our school. They are all

30、friendly to us. A. woman teachers B. women teacher C. woman teacher D. women teachers 3.“Lily, lets make vegetable salad. How many _ do we need?” “One is enough. A. oranges B. potato C. tomatoes 4.Mr. Li is always patient to give me on how to work out the problems. A、an advice B、many advice C、some a

31、dvice 5.Mum, its so hot. Could I have some _ ? A. hamburgers B. bread C. ice-cream 6. Miss Black is a friend of_, she always looks after my sister. A. Marys mothers B. Marys mother C. Mary mothers Aha! Its a_.You look so young! How old are you? 7.Asuggestion B. reason C. secret D. problem 8.I am jus

32、t going to the _.Do you want anything? Yes, a bag of rice. A. market B. classroom C. library D. park 9.Lets make a banana milk shake. What do we need? We need some _ and two _. A. bananas；cup of milk B. bananas；cups of milk C. bananas；milks 10.I have great _ in learning physics and I am worried. Cou

33、ld you help me? Sure，Id be glad to. A. interest B. fun C. question D. trouble 11.I hear Mary has got a good job in a worlds top company. Yes. Her good _ experience helped her a lot. She once studied in one of the best college in China. A. travel B. education C. life 12.With the _we can choose one ic

34、on and click on it for more details. A. menu B. printer C. screen D. mouse 13.Its said that a college student had a _ to Tibet with 500 yuan for a month. How surprising! Once you have an idea to go somewhere, do it! A. match B. travel C. change 14.You may go to Milan for a free trip. Its a very kind

35、 _, but I really cant accept it. A. excuse B. offer C. promise D. decision 15. After P.E., I often feel very thirsty. Why not buy some _ to drink? A. bread B. noodles C. apple juice D. teas 16.Whose _ are these? I think they are Johns. A. key B. keies C. keys 17.What would you like to say to your _

36、before leaving school? Id like to say “Thank you very much! Ive learned a lot form you in the past three years.” D. engineers C. doctors B. workers A. teachers 18.John didnt find much _ about the accident. A. news B. answer C. article 19.In China, we celebrate_ Day on June 1st, _ Day on September,10 th. A. Childrens; Teachers B. Children; Teachers C. Childrens; Teachers 20.Whos that girl over there? Julia, she is a student of _. A. my fathers B. my father C. my fathers D. my fathers 21.The customers are pleased with the_ of the restaurant. A. b