英语四级阅读理解练习题及其解析

1、英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析【阅读练习】WhatisitaboutAmericansandfood?Welovetoeat,butwefeel1aboutitafterward.Wesaywewantonlythebest,butwestrangelyenjoyjunkfood.Were2withhealthandweightlossbutfaceanunprecedentedepidemicofobesity(肥胖).Perhapsthe3tothisambivalence(矛盾情结)liesinourhistory.ThefirstEuropeanscametothiscontinents

2、earchingfornewspicesbutwentinvain.Thefirstcashcrop(经济作物)wasnteatenbutsmoked.ThentherewasProhibition,intendedtoprohibitdrinkingbutactuallyencouragingmore4waysofdoingit.Theimmigrantexperience,too,hasbeenoneofinharmony.DoasRomansdomeanseatingwhat“realAmericans”eat,butournationsfoodhascometobe5byimports

3、pizza,say,orhotdogs.Andsomeofthecountrysmosttreasuredcookingcomesfrompeoplewhoarrivedhereinshackles.Perhapsitshouldcomeasnosurprisethenthatfoodhasbeenamediumforthenationsdefiningstruggles,whetherattheBostonTeaPartyorthesit?insatsouthernlunchcounters.Itisintegraltoourconceptsofhealthandevenmoralitywh

4、etheronerefrainsfromalcoholforreligiousreasonsorevadesmeatforpolitical6Butstrongopinionshavenotbrought7 .Americansareambivalentaboutwhattheyputintheirmouths.Wehavebecome8ofourfoods,especiallyaswelearnmoreaboutwhattheycontain.The9infoodisstillprosperousintheAmericanconsciousness.Itsnocoincidence,then

5、,thatthefirstThanksgivingholdstheAmericanimaginationinsuchbondage(束缚).Itswhatweeatandhowwe10itwithfriends,family,andstrangersthathelpdefineAmericaasacommunitytoday.A.answerI.creativeB.resultJ.beliefC.shareK.suspiciousD.guiltyL.certaintyE.constantM.obsessedF.definedN.identifyG.vanishO.idealsH.adapted

6、【答案及详解】1.Dfeel是一个系动词，可以判断此处应填入一个形容词，通过上下文意思，以及后面介词about, 可以确定选项为D项guilty, 短语feelguiltyaboutsth. “对感到有愧”。全句的意思为“我们很爱吃，但是往往在吃完之后又有负罪感”。2.Mbeobsessedwith为固定搭配，原意为“被附上/缠住/迷住心窍”，放在本句表示“十分重视”。全句的意思为“我们很关心健康和减肥，但肥胖却又空前地在蔓延”。3.A本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词to的搭配，可以推断出正确选项answer.4.I本句根据more和ways可以判断出需要填入一个形容词构成比较级，根据上下

7、文，表示“旨在禁止酗酒的禁酒令，却激发了更多新奇的方法来酗酒”，可以 确定I为正确选项。5.F本题较难。根据be和by确定应填入一个过去分词。再根据上下文，上文表示“应该吃典型的美国人吃的食物”，下文通过but转折，表示实际上“美国的食物已经被诸如比萨和热狗这样的舶来品所诠释了”，因此可以确定F为正确选项。6.B政治结果，可根据宗教原因religiousreasons来推断此处填政治结果。7.L由于横线后面没有宾语，可以确定不是形成bring的短语，这样本句所缺的为一名词，做bring的宾语。根据下文解释，“美国人对他们所吃的食物的态 度是矛盾的”，可以推出本句意义为“坚定的观点也不是确定不变

8、的”。因此可以确定L为正确选项。8.K系动词become后应填入一个形容词，和后面介词of形成短语be/becomesuspiciousof“对感到怀疑”。9.J本句缺一个名词作主语，并且根据和介词in的搭配，可以推断出正确选项belief，(have)beliefinsth.“ 相信”。10.C本句是一般现在时，缺一个动词，且和with搭配，确定选项为share,sharesth.withsb., “与某人分享某事”。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(2)【阅读练习】BaekelandandHartmannreportthatthe“shortsleepers”hadbeenmoreorless

9、averageintheirsleepneedsuntilthemenwereintheirteens.Butataboutage15orso,themenvoluntarilybegancuttingdowntheirnightlysleeptimebecauseofpressuresfromschool,work,andotheractivities.Thesementendedtoviewtheirnightlyperiodsofunconsciousnessasbothersomeinterruptionsintheirdailyroutines.Ingeneral,these“sho

10、rtsleeps”appearedambitious,active,energetic,cheerful,conformist(不动摇)intheiropinions,andverysureabouttheircareerchoices.Theyoftenheldseveraljobsatonce,orworkersfull-orpart-timewhilegoingtoschool.Andmanyofthemhadastrongurgetoappear“normal”or“acceptable”totheirfriendsandassociates.Whenaskedtorecallthei

11、rdreams,the“shortsleepers”didpoorly.Morethanthis,theyseemedtoprefernotremembering.Insimilarfashion,theirusualwayofdealingwithpsychologicalproblemswastodenythattheproblemexisted,andthentokeepbusyinthehopethatthetroublewouldgoaway.Thesleeppatternsofthe“shortsleepers”weresimilarto,butlessextremethan,sl

12、eeppatternsshownbymanymentalpatientscategorizedasmanic(疯人).The“longsleepers”werequitedifferentindeed.BaekelandandHartmannreportthattheseyoungmenhadbeenlengthysleepssincechildhood.Theyseemedtoenjoytheirsleep,protectedit,andwerequiteconcernedwhentheywereoccasionallydeprivedoftheirdesired9hoursofnightl

13、ybedrest.Theytendedtorecalltheirdreamsmuchbetterthandidthe“shortsleepers.”Manyofthe“longsleepers”wereshy,anxious,introverted(内向),inhibited(压抑),passive,mildlydepressed,andunsureofthemselves(particularlyinsocialsituations).Severalopenlystatesthatsleepwasanescapefromtheirdailyproblems.1.Accordingtother

14、eport,_.A)manyshortsleepersneedlesssleepbynatureB)manyshortsleepersareobligedtoreducetheirnightlysleeptimebecausetheyarebusywiththeirworkC)longsleeperssleepalongerperiodoftimeduringthedayD)manylongsleeperspreservetheirsleepinghabitformedduringtheirchildhood2.Many“shortsleepers”arelikelytoholdtheview

15、that_.A)sleepisawithdrawalfromtherealityB)sleepinterfereswiththeirsoundjudgementC)sleepistheleastexpensiveitemontheirroutineprogramD)sleepisthebestwaytodealwithpsychologicaltroubles3.Itisstatedinthethirdparagraphthatshortsleepers_.A)areideallyvigorousevenunderthepressuresoflifeB)oftenneglecttheconse

16、quencesofinadequatesleepC)donotknowhowtorelaxproperlyD)aremoreunlikelytorunintomentalproblems4.Whensometimestheycannotenjoyadequatesleep,thelongsleepersmight_.A)appeardisturbedB)becomeenergeticC)feeldissatisfiedD)beextremelydepressed5.WhichofthefollowingisNotincludedinthepassage?A)Ifonesleepsinadequ

17、ately,hisperformancesuffersandhismemoryisweakenedB)ThesleeppatternsofshortsleepersareexactlythesaneasthoseshownbymanymentalpatientsC)LongandshortsleepersdifferintheirattitudestowardssleepD)Shortsleeperswouldbebetteroffwithmorerest【答案及详解】答案：DCBAB贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，“睡眠少的人”在未进入少年期之前，其正常睡眠时间大致与所需要的时间差不多。但到了15岁左

18、右，由于学校、工作或其它 活动的地压力，他们就故意地减少了夜间睡眠的时间。这些人持有这样的观点：夜间睡眠是一件令人讨厌的事情，打断了日常事务。总的说来，这些“睡眠少的人”表现得雄心勃勃、积极活跃、精力充沛、无意识乐观豁达、立场坚定，对自己职业的选择胸有成竹。他们往往同时从事几 项工作，或者一边上学读书，一边从事专职或兼职工作。其中许多人有强烈愿望，想在朋友和熟人面前表现得“正常”或“合群”。当让他们回忆梦境时，“睡眠少的人”回忆不起什么来。更有甚者，他们似乎情愿什么都记不住。类似的情况是他们通常处理心理问题的方式：不承认问 题的存在，希望只要忙忙碌碌，麻烦总会过去的。“睡眠少的人”的睡眠模式与

19、被划入疯子之类精神病患者的睡眠模式十分相似，只不过没有那么严重而已。“睡眠多的人”情形则大不相同。贝克尔和哈特曼报道说，这些年轻人从小的，有抱负的睡眠就一直很长。他们好像注重睡眠，不让睡眠受打搅。偶尔没 有所需的9个小时夜间卧床休息，他们便会十分不安。他们比“睡眠少的人”要更能回忆得起梦的内容。许多“睡眠多的人”腼腆、焦躁、内向、压抑、消极和稍微 有点儿沮丧，尤其在社交场合缺乏自信。好几个人坦言，睡眠是摆脱每天烦恼的一种方式。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(3)【阅读练习】Uponreachinganappropriateage(usuallybetween18and21years),child

20、renareencouraged,butnotforced,to“leavethenest”andbeginanindependentlife.Afterchildrenleavehometheyoftenfindsocialrelationshipandfinancialsupportoutsidethefamily.Parentsdonotarrangemarriagesfortheirchildren,nordochildrenusuallyaskpermissionoftheirparentstogetmarried,Romanticloveismostoftenthebasisfor

21、marriageintheUnitedStates;youngadultsmeettheirfuturespouses(配偶)throughotherfriends,atjobs,andinorganizationsandreligiousinstitutions,Althoughchildrenchoosetheirownspouses,theystillhopetheirparentswillapproveoftheirchoices.Inmanyfamilies,parentsfeelthatchildrenshouldmakemajorlifedecisionsbythemselves

22、.Aparentmaytrytoinfluenceachildtofollowaparticularprofessionbutthechildisfreetochooseanothercareer.Sometimeschildrendopreciselytheoppositeofwhattheirparentswishinordertoasserttheirindependence.Asonmaydeliberatelydecidenottogointohisfathersbusinessbecauseofafearthathewilllosehisautonomyinhisfatherswo

23、rkplace.Thisindependencefromparentsisnotanindicationthatparentsandchildrendonotloveeachother.StronglovebetweenparentsandchildrenisuniversalandthisisnoexceptionintheAmericanfamilyCoexistingwithsuchloveintheAmericanfamilyareculturalvaluesofselfrelianceandindependence.1.Thewriterdiscussesthemarriageofy

24、oungadultsinordertoshowwhichofthefollowing?A)Theyenjoythefreedomofchoosingtheirspouses.B)Theywanttowinthepermissionoftheirparents.C)Theyhaveastrongdesiretobecomeindependent.D)Theywanttochallengetheauthorityoftheirparents.2.MostyoungadultsintheU.S.getmarriedforthesakeof_.A)loveB)financialconcernC)the

25、irparentsD)familybackground3.Basedonthepassage,itcanbeassumedthat_.A)AmericanyoungadultsarelikelytofollowthesuitoftheirparentsB)mostAmericanpeoplenevermakemajordecisionsfortheirchildrenC)AmericanyoungadultspossessculturalvaluesofindependenceD)onceayoungpersonstepsintohistwenties,hewillleavehishomepe

26、rmanently4.Asonisunwillingtoworkinhisfathersbusinessmainlybecause_.A)hewishestomakefulluseofwhathehaslearntinschoolB)hewantstoprovehisindependenceC)hewishestodotheoppositeofwhathisparentsapproveofD)hewantstoshowhisloveforhisparents5.Thesubjectmatterofthisselectionis_.A)familyvaluesB)marriagearrangem

27、entsC)thepursuitofacareerD)decisionmaking【答案及详解】答案：CACBA子女一旦到适当年龄(通常是18至21岁)，要鼓励而不是强迫他们“离开窝的，财政的巢”，开始独立生活。小孩离开家后，往往在外能够与人交 往，并自谋出路。父母不为子女安排婚姻，子女结婚也通常无需获得父母同意。在美国，浪漫的爱情往往是婚姻的基础，青年人通过朋友在学校、单位、组织以及宗 教团体认识自己的，爱情的未来的伴侣。尽管子女自己择偶，他们仍然希望父母能认同他们的选择。许多家庭的父母认为，应由子女自己来做他们生活中的重大决定。家长可能会设法影响子女去从事某一职业，但子女也有选择其它职业的

28、自由。有时为了 证实自己的独立性，子女从事的工作正好与父母希望的相反。儿子可能执意不去父亲的企业工作，因为担心在那里就不能独立自主。这种不依靠父母的独立性并不意 味着父母与子女之间缺乏爱心。父母和子女之间普遍都有挚爱，美国家庭也毫不例外。只不过在美国家庭之中，还融合了自主、独立的文化价值观念。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(4)【阅读练习】Nowletuslookathowweread.Whenwereadaprintedtext,oureyesmoveacrossapageinshort,jerkymovement.Werecognizewordsusuallywhenoureyesarest

29、illwhentheyfixate.Eachtimetheyfixate,weseeagroupofwords.Thisisknownastherecognitionspanorthevisualspan.Thelengthoftimeofrwhichtheeyesstop-thedurationofthefixation-variesconsiderablyfrompersontoperson.Italsovaieswithinanyonepersonaccordingtohispurposeinreadingandhisfamiliaritywiththetext.Furthermore,

30、itcanbeaffectedbysuchfactorsaslightingandtiredness.Unfortunately,inthepast,manyreadingimprovementcourseshaveconcentratedtoomuchonhowoureyesmoveacrosstheprintedpage.Asaresultofthismisleadingemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsofreading,numerousexerciseshavebeendevisedtotraintheeyestoseemorewordsatonefixa

31、tion.Forinstance,insomeexercises,wordsareflashedontoascreenfor,say,atenthoratwentiethofasecond.Oneoftheexerciseshasrequiredstudentstofixtheireyesonsomecentralpoint,takinginthewordsoneitherside.Suchwordpatternsareoftenconstructedintheshapeofrathersteeppyramidssothereadertakesinmoreandmorewordsateachs

32、uccessivefixation.Alltheseexercisesareveryclever,butitsonethingtoimproveapersonsabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisabilitytoreadatextefficiently.Readingrequirestheabilitytounderstandtherelationshipbetweenwords.Consequently,forthesereasons,manyexpertshavenowbeguntoquestiontheusefulnesso

33、feyetraining,especiallysinceanyapproachwhichtrainsapersontoreadisolatedwordsandphraseswouldseemunlikelytohelphiminreadingacontinuoustext.Q:1.Thetimeoftherecognitionspancanbeaffectedbythefollowingfactsexcept_ .A.onesfamiliaritywiththetextB.onespurposeinreadingC.thelengthofagroupofwordsD.lightingandti

34、redness2.Theauthormaybelievethatreading_.A.requiresareadertotakeinmorewordsateachfixationB.requiresareadertoseewordsmorequicklyC.demandsandeeply-participatingmindD.demandsmoremindthaneyes3Whatdoestheauthormeanbysaying“butitsonethingtoimproveapersonsabilitytoseewordsandquiteanotherthingtoimprovehisab

35、ilitytoreadatextefficiently.”inthesecondparapraph?A.Theabilitytoseewordsisnotneededwhenanefficientreadingisconducted.B.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcanthelptoimproveboththeabilitytoseeandtocomprehendwords.C.Thereadingexercisesmentionedcanthelptoimproveanefficientreading.D.Thereadingexercisesmentioned

36、hasdoneagreatjobtoimproveonesabilitytoseewords.4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Thevisualspanisawordoragroupofwordsweseeeachtime.B.Manyexpertsbegantoquestiontheefficiencyofeyetraining.C.Theemphasisonthepurelyvisualaspectsismisleading.D.Theeyetrainingwillhelpreadersinreadingacontinuoustext.5.Thetuneo

37、ftheauthorinwritingthisarticleis_AcriticalBneutralCprssimisticDoptimistic【答案及详解】答案：CCCDA解题思路1C。事实细节题。第一段提到了影响视幅的因素：不同的人，不同的阅读目的，对材料的熟悉程度，光线，疲劳。C“一组词的长度”不是能影响视幅的因素，是本 题的答案。2C。观点态度题。作者在第二段第二句提到，眼睛训练课程只注重了阅读的视觉因素。倒数第二句书哦，阅读要求具备理解单词间关系的能力。因此选项C“阅读需 要大脑的深度参与”正确。作者没有否定阅读的视觉因素的必要性，但是也没有说读者应该练习拓宽视幅，加快阅读速度。所

38、以AB两项都不正确。作者没有对大脑 和眼睛在阅读过程中的重要性进行对比，所以不选D3C。 作者在这句话中先是肯定了那些阅读练习提高看单词的能力，然后提出了有效阅读概念。后面句中还指出，有效阅读需要的是理解单词间的联系的能力。所以作者的 意思应该是那些(训练眼睛的)阅读练习对与有效的阅读无益。B与文章相反。D句是蕴涵其中一个意思，却不是作者想表达的方向。4D。 第二段最后一句说，眼睛训练对于帮助读者阅读连贯文章无益，所以D是错的，是本题答案。5A。 参考前面的结构剖析，作者写本文的主要目的是对那些只关注阅读的视觉因素的阅读能力课程进行批判，所以答案应该是A。英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(5)【阅

39、读练习】Asisknowntoall,theorganizationandmanagementofwagesandsalariesareverycomplex.Generallyspeaking,theAccountsDepartmentis_1_forcalculationsofpay,whilethePersonnelDepartmentisinterestedindiscussionswiththeemployeesaboutpay.Ifafirmwantsto_2_anewwageandsalarystructure,itisessentialthatthefirmshoulddeci

40、deona_3_ofjobevaluationandwaysofmeasuringtheperformanceofitsemployees.Inordertobe_4_,thatnewpaystructurewillneedagreementbetweenTradeUnionsandemployers.Injobevaluation,alloftherequirementsofeachjobaredefinedinadetailedjobdescription.Eachofthsoerequirementsisgivenavalue,usuallyinpoints,whichare_5_tog

41、ethertogiveatotalvalueforthejob.Formiddleandhighermanagement,aspecialmethodisusedtoevaluatemanagersontheirknowledgeofthejob,theirresponsibility,andtheir_6_tosolveproblems.Becauseofthedifficultyinmeasuringmanagementwork,however,jobgradesformanagersareoftendecidedwithout_7_toanevaluationsystembasedonp

42、oints.Inattemptingtodesignapaysystem,thePersonnelDepartmentshould_8_thevalueofeachjobwiththeseinthejobmarket. _9_,paymentforajobshouldvarywithanydifferencesinthewaythatthejobisperformed.Whereitissimpletomeasuretheworkdone,asintheworksdonewithhands,monetaryencouragementschemesareoftenchosen,for_10_wo

43、rkers,wheremeasurementisdifficult,methodsofadditionalpaymentsareemployed.AcompareBresponsibleCusefulDaddedEfindFreferenceGindirectHmethodIsuccessfulJcombinedKNecessarilyLcapacityMabilityNBasicallyOadoptAnswers:1.选B)。此处应填形容词。原文意思为“会计部门.计算报酬”，选项中的形容词responsible“负责任的”，useful“有用 的”，indirect“间接的”，success

44、ful“成功的”，其中indirect不能与for连用，排除;剩余几项中只有B)responsible意义符合原句，其他均不符合，故排除。2.选O)。此处应填动词原形。本文主题就是采用一种新的工资和薪水制度时需要注意的问题，选项中的动词原形有compare“比 较”，find“找到”，adopt“采纳”，分别带入原文，只有adopt最符合原文意思，故选O).3.选H)。此处应填名词。从原文看，and连接并列结构，所以要填的词应与and后面的ways意思一致，选项中的名词只有mathod=ways，故选H)method。4.选I)。此处应填形容词。上文说新的工资制度需要一套决定工作评估和衡量雇员

45、表现的方法，说的是制度“是否有用”的问题。这句说的时新的工 资制度执行过程中的问题，劳资双方先期达成一致是薪酬制度成功的必要条件。形容词useful和successful，I)seccessful更符合原 文意思。5.选D)。此处应填动词。这个动词的宾语是point“分值”，把分值.起来togiveatotalvalue得出总分值，选项中有added和combined，前者指“把.相加”，后者意为“把.结合在一起”，原文指将分值相加得出总 分，故D)added最符合文意。6.选M)。此处应填名词。首先solveproblem“解决问题”是经理们应具备的能力，选项中的capacity与abili

46、ty都可以表示“能力”;前者强调的是理解的能力和接受事物的能 力，而后者强调实际应用的能力，故不难判断解决问题的能力应该用M)ability。7.选F)。此处应填名词。前半句指出“因为管理工作很难评估，经理的工作得分不需要参照基于分值的评估系统决定。”withoutreferenceto为固定搭配，意思是“与.无关”。故选F)reference。8.选A)。此处应填动词原形。原句中出现了thevalueofeachjob“每种工作的价值”和theseinthejobmarket“工作市场上的(工作价值)”，说明人事部门通过比较两种价值来计算工资制度。选项中只有compare表示“比较”，所以A

47、)正确。9.选K)。此处应填副词，修饰整句话。“报酬要随工作表现各方面的不同而有所改变”，选项中Necessarily“必须地”与Basically“基本地”为副词，分别带入原文，“报酬.的变化是必须的”更符合上下文意思，故排除N),选K)。10.选G)。此处应填形容词。前文中提到一种情况即simpletomeasuretheworkdone易于评估的工作，通常用现金奖励办法;而.measurementisdifficult“难于评估的”，说明这些工作人员的工作不像手工工作那么直接，因而是间接的，故选项中只有G)indirect符合原句的意思。 英语四级阅读理解练习题及解析(6) 【阅读练习】

48、Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform. Why are uniforms so _1_ in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more _2_ than civilian(百姓的) clothes. People h

49、ave become conditioned to _3_ superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to _4_ more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the _5_ of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What an easier way is there for a nurse, a po

50、liceman, a barber, or a waiter to _6_ professional identity(身份) than to step out of uniform? Uniforms also have many _7_ benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of _8_ experienced by people who must