高三英语阅读理解(社会文化)及其解题技巧及练习题(含答案)及解析

1、【英语】高三英语阅读理解( 社会文化 ) 及其解题技巧及练习题( 含答案 ) 及解析一、高中英语阅读理解社会文化类1阅读理解the united states is home to 562 recognized american indian nations each with its own language.yet the number of native. americans with the ability to speak their tribes language has decreased over the past century.now, indian nations are

2、 trying different ways to expand the number of native speakers, and increase interest in their communities to learn tribal languages.since the late 1800s many american indian children have attended boarding schools. at that time, indian children were required to attend schools by law, and the govern

3、ment forced indian families to send their children to such schools.the children were separated from their families. and given english name the teachers oftentaught native american students in english, instead of the language of their parents. they weretold they needed to learn english in order to ge

4、t a job, earn money and buy a house or nicethings.however, fearing a loss of history and culture, the indian nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language ability of tribal members.at least one organization is turning to modern technology-the sealaska heritage institute, a nonprof

5、it group, has developed two apps for speakers of the tlingit language.the learning tlingit app serves as a reference for important language topics such as conversation phrases, number, and letters.the tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. they live mainly in southeastern alaska. but as of 2013, t

6、he tribe had only 125 native speakers left. in addition, very few young people are able to speak tlingit.currently there are two apps, called learning tlingit and tlingit language games. the learning tlingit app serves as a language guide. it provides tlingit words and expressions, the tribal alphab

7、et, as well as a basic list of the words included. with the tlingit language games app, users are given a choice of different places of environments, like a house, forest or ocean.（ 1） what is the problem the native americans are facing now?（ 2） what will be the result if more and more native americ

8、ans only speak english?（ 3） what can we know about tlingit?a.it can help the native people know some language topics.b.it can help the: native people earn money and buy a. house or nice thingsc.it is a very popular app among the native speakersd.it is a native language spoken by fewer than 200 peopl

9、e.（ 4） what is the main idea of the passage?a.american indian tribes efforts to increase native speakers.b.reasons for the disappearance of some american indian languages.c.ways to help the native tribes lead a traditional life.d.the popularity of the language learning apps.【答案】 （ 1） b（ 2） c（ 3） d（

10、4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法来增加本族语言的使用，否则，他们的本族语言将面临严重的危机。（ 1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“ yet the umbern of native. americans with the ability tospeak their tribes language has decreased over the past century.但是能说他们本族语言”的本地美国人的数量在过去的一个世纪中已将减少。可知，会说本族语的美国土著的人数在过去的一个多世纪中已经减少了，故选b。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第六段中的“ howe

11、ver,fearing aloss of history and culture, theindian nations are experimenting with new ways to increase the language abilityof tribalmembers. ”然而，害怕失去自己的历史和文化，许多印第安部落尝试新的方法来提升族人的本族语使用能力。可知，如果越来越多的族人只说英语，他们将会失去自己的历史和文化。故选 c。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第九段中的“ the tlingit tribe has about 10, 000 members. they livemai

12、nly in southeastern alaska. but as of 2013, the tribe had only 125 native speakers left.特林吉特部落有大约一万人。他们主要居住在阿拉斯加东南部。但是就2013 年的统计，这个部落只有 125 人可以说自己民族的语言，可知，现在仅仅有不到两百人可以说这种语言了，故选 d。（ 4）考查主旨大意。本文前六段描述了美国印第安人在民族语言方面面临的处境以及这一处境引起的担忧，最后四段提出了针对这一问题的解决方案：美国的印第安人正在使用新的方法（ app）来增加本族语使用人数。选项 a 中 efforts 能凸显人们这

13、一问题的担心及在努力寻求解决方案方面所做的努力。故选 a。【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解in india, most of the women wear a red dot between their eyebrows. while it is generally takenas an indicator of their marital(婚姻的 )status, the practice is primarily related to the hindu(

14、教的 )religion. the dot goes by different names in different hindi dialects, and印度“bindi is the onethat is most commonly known. traditionally, the dot carries no gender restriction men as well as women wear it. however, the tradition of men wearing it has faded in recent times, so nowadays we see a lo

15、t more women than men wearing one.the position of the bindi is standard center of the forehead, close tothe eyebrows. itrepresents a third, or inner eye. hindu tradition holds that all people have three eyes the twoouter ones are used for seeing the outside world, and the third one is there to focus

16、 inwardtoward god. as such, the dot means piety( 虔诚 )and serves as a constant reminder to keep god inthe front of a believers thou ghts.red is the traditional color of the dot. it is said that in ancient times a man would place a drop of blood between his wifes eyes to seal their marriage. according

17、 to hindu beliefs, the color red is believed to bring good fortune to the married couple. today, people go with different colors depending upon their preferences. women often wear dots that match the color of their clothes. decorative of sticker bindis come in all sizes, colors and variations, and c

18、an be worn by young and old, married and unmarried people alike. wearing a bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.（ 1） why did people in india start wearing a red dot on their forehead?（ 2） what is the function of the third eye in hindu tradition?（ 3） why was red chosen

19、 as the original color of the bindi?（ 4） which of the following statements is true about bindis today?a.bindis are now used to make people look better.b.bindis are worn anywhere on the face now.c.most indian women do not wear bindis anymore.d.more men than women wear bindis in india.【答案】 （ 1） c（ 2）

20、d（ 3） b（ 4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇说明文，大多数印度女人的眉毛中间都戴着红点，这种做法主要与印度教有关，它代表的是第三只眼，可以时时提醒信徒要尊敬上帝。现在眉心红点更多的是作为装饰品使用。（ 1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ in india, most of the women wear a red dot betweentheir eyebrows. while it is generally taken as an indicator of their marital （婚姻的） status, the practice is primarily related t

21、o the hindu （印度教的） religion. 在印”度，大多数女性的眉毛上都有一个红点。虽然这通常被认为是他们婚姻状况的一个指标，但这种做法主要与印度教有关。可知这种做法主要与印度教有关，所以印度人前额戴红点是展示他们的宗教信仰。故选c。（ 2）考查细节理解。根据第二段可知，印度传统上认为人有第三只眼。以及“ as such， thedot serves as a constant reminder to keep god inthe front of a believers thoughts ”因此，点作为一个持续的提醒，以保持神在信徒的思想面前。所以第三眼在印度教传统中的重要性

22、是要尊重上帝。故选d。（ 3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ according to hindu beliefs， the color red is believed tobring good fortune to the married couple”可知，根据印度教的信仰，红色被认为能为已婚的夫妇带来好运。故选b。（ 4）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“ decorative orsticker bindiscome in all sizes，colorsand variations ， and can be wornby young and old， marriedand unmarri

23、edpeoplealike wearinga bindi has become more of a fashion statement than a religious custom.装饰物”或贴纸贴纸有各种尺寸、颜色和变化，年轻人和老年人、已婚人士和未婚人士都可以佩戴。佩戴宾蒂帽与其说是一种宗教习俗，不如说是一种时尚宣言。可知，眉心红点现在更多的被用作装饰品。故选 a【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇文化类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。3阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、 b、 c 和 d）中，选出最佳选项。its

24、 not unusual to see an unreasonable child lying on the ground drumming his heels. beside him is a desperate mother yelling at the top of her lungs. raising a well-behaved kid is really a head-scratching thing.if you took all the parenting styles around the world and ranked them by their gentleness,

25、the inuit ( 因纽特人 ) approach would certainly rank near the top. all the moms mention one golden role: dont shout or yell at small children. inuits no-yelling policy is their central component to raising cool-headed kids. the culture views scolding, or even speaking to children in all angry voice, as

26、inappropriate, although little kids are pushing parents buttons.playful storytelling is another trick to sculpting kids behavior. but this storytelling differs hugely from those fairy tales full of moral lessons. parents retell what happened when a boy threw a tantrum( 发脾气 )by way of what shakespear

27、e would understand all too well: putting on a drama. after the child has calmed down, the parents will review what happened when the child misbehaved, usually starting with a question: can you show us how to throw a tantrum? then the child has to think what he should do. if he takes the bait and per

28、forms the action, the momwill ask a follow-up question with a playful tone. for example: does that seem right? or are you a baby? she is getting across the idea that big boys wont throw a tantrum.kids brains are still developing the circuitry needed for self-control. what you do in responseto your c

29、hildrens emotions shapes their brains. so next time, seeing your boy misbehave, try using the inuits storytelling approach. and dont forget to keep cool. after all, boys will be boys.（ 1） which of the following best explains pushing parents buttons underlined in paragraph 2?a. talking with parents.b

30、. playing with parents buttons.c. exposing parents faults.d. making parents annoyed.（ 2） what do we know about inuits storytelling?a. it aims at playing a trick on kids.b. it raises kids awareness of morality.c. it comes after a child misbehaves.d. it analyzes shakespeares dramas.（ 3） whats the auth

31、ors attitude to childrens misbehavior?a. cautiousb. tolerantc. uncaringd. skeptical（ 4） whats the main idea of the text?a. inuits approach to parenting.b. values of reading literary works.c. causes of childrens misbehavior.d. parents responses to storytelling.【答案】 （ 1） d（2） c（3） b（4） a【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇

32、 明文，因 特人教育孩子的方式最温柔，介 了因 特人教育孩子的黄金 “不 小孩叫喊 ”以及他 塑造孩子行 的一种方式 “ 故事 ”， 我 刻 住孩子做 事的 候要保持冷静。（ 1）考 猜 。划 所在句子 步状 从句，although （即使） 前后句是相反关系。句意 ： 种文化 斥孩子，或者以生气的口吻 孩子 都是不合适的，即使小孩子 家 生气的 候也是 。故 d。（ 2）考 理解。根据第三段中的 parents retell what happened when a boy threw a tantrum ( 脾气 ) by way of 可知，家 述的是小男孩 脾气 所 生的事情。也就是

33、故事内容就是小孩子做 的事情。故 c。（ 3）考 推理判断。根据最后一段中的and dont forget to keep cool. after all, boys will beboys. 不要忘 保持冷静。 竟，孩子就是孩子。 可知，作者 小孩子犯 ，家 要 容孩子的 ，不能 孩子要求太高。故 b。（ 4）考 主旨大意。文章主要通 述因 特人温柔地教育孩子的方式， 我 如何教育孩子有所启 。故 a。【点 】本 考点涉及 理解， 猜 ，推理判断和主旨大意四个 型的考 ，是一篇文化 ，要求考生在捕捉 信息的基 上， 一步根据上下文的 关系， 行分析，推理，概括和 ，从而 出正确答案。4 理解

34、entrepreneur and ceo of tesla and space x, eldon musk may have a little more time on his hands, as hes leaving his position on the board of the open al, according to a blog post. the departure is likely the result of teslas moving into the field of artificial intelligence(ai)，which he said in 2017 w

35、ould be the“ best in the world” and would even be able to“ predict yourdestination,” musk will continue to“ donate and advise the organization,” open ai said in apost on feb. 20, adding that“ as tesla continues to become more focused on ai, this will avoid apotential future conflict for eldon.musk a

36、nd y combiner ceo sam altman co-founded the nonprofit enterprise in december2015, its mission is to develop safe artificial general intelligence and ensure those developments are made public. open ai researchers published a paper on the site arxiv, org, detailing the possible secure threats that com

37、e with “malicious ”ai. in fact, musk has heard the “ evilai ” alarmseveral times, on aug.11 ， 2017, he warned that artificial intelligence poses a bigger threat to humanity, and he told a gathering of state governors that the government needs to regulate al beforerobots start“ killing people.”musks

38、departure from the open ai board could mean big things for tesla. as eton goodbye, a financial reporter, noted on futurism, the move “ couldsignal that tesla is more deeplycommitted to their own ai projects than we thought. hose”hewhoadded,have had“ttheir ears to any rumors ( 谣言 )that tesla is ready

39、 to deliver vehicles capable of level 5autonomy could take this new open al development as a sign that the company is inching closer to that unapproachable goal, ” nocompany has reached that level of autonomy, which means that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that al

40、l the human “ driver ” would need to do is to input a destination.（ 1） why does eldon musk leave his position?a. to create safer ai.b. to build powerful internet.c. to develop social communication.d. to avoid a possible conflict with tesla.（ 2） what is the eldon musks attitude towards the ai?a. ambi

41、guous.b. supportive.c. negative.d. sympathetic.（3） what does the underlined word“malicious ” in paragraph 3 mean?a. poisonous.b. unpopular.c. advanced.d. traditional.（ 4） what can we infer from eton goodbyes comments?a. level 5 autonomy is impossible.b. the rumors about tesla is meaningless.c. he ha

42、s no confidence in open ai.d. level 5 autonomy could set human drivers free.【答案】 （1） d（2） b（3） a（4） d【解析】 【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了传奇人物埃隆马斯克和他的公司。(1)考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“ entrepreneurand ceo of tesla and space x, eldon muskmay have a little more time on his hands, as hes leaving his position on the board of the op

43、en ai,according to a blog post. 和”第二段中的 “ addingthat “ astesla continues tobecome morefocused on ai, this will avoid a potential future conflict for eldon.可知 eldon musk 离开他的”职位是为了避免可能和tesla 产生冲突，故d。(2)考查推理判断。根据第二段中的“ musk will continueto“ donate and advise the organization”可推知 eldon musk 对于 ai 的态度是同

44、情，故选b。(3)考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“ in fact, musk has heard the evil ai alarm several times.可猜测出 “malicious的”意思是有害的，故选a。(4)考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ no company has reached that level of autonomy, whichmeans that a driverless car could navigate any road under any conditions and that all the human driver would need to do

45、 is to input a destination可.推出 “ level 5 autonomy 将会”让人类司机解放，故选 d。【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。5阅读理解take a look at the following list of numbers: 4, 8, 5, 3, 7, 9, 6. read them loud. now look awayand spend 20 seconds memorizing them in order before saying

46、 them out loud again. if you speak english, you have about a 50% chance of remembering those perfectly. if you are chinese, though,youre almost certain to get it right every time. why is that? because we most easily memorizewhateverwecan say orread withina two-secondperiod. and unlike english, the c

47、hineselanguage allows them to fit all those seven numbers into two seconds.that example comes from stanislas dahaenes book the number sense. as dahaene explains:chinese number words are remarkably brief. most of them can be spoken out in less than one-quarter of a second (for instance, 4 is“ si ” an

48、d 7“ qi ” ). their english pronunciations are longer. thememory gap between english and chinese apparently is entirely due to this difference in length.it turns out that there is also a big difference in how number-naming systems in western andasian languages are constructed. in english, we say four

49、teen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen andnineteen,soonemightexpect thatwe would alsosay oneteen,twoteen,threeteen,andfiveteen.butwedont.we use a different form: eleven, twelve,thirteenand fifteen.fornumbers above 20, we put the“ decade ” first and the unit number second -(twentyon,wenty-two), while for

50、 the teens, we do it the other way around (fourteen, seventeen, eighteen). thenumber system in english is highly irregular. not so in china, japan, and korea. they have a logicalcounting system. eleven is ten-one. twelve is ten-two. twenty-four is two-tens-four and so on.that difference means that a

51、sian children learn to count much faster than american children.four-year-old chinese children can count, on average, to 40. american children at that age cancount only to 15. by the age of five, in other words, american children are already a year behindtheir asian friends in the most fundamental o

52、f math skills.the regularityof theirnumber system also means that asian children can performbasicfunctions, such as addition, far more easily. ask an english-speaking seven-year-old to add thirty-seven plus twenty-two in her head, and she has to change the words to numbers (37+22). onlythen can she

53、do the math: 2 plus 7 is 9 and 30 and 20 is 50, which makes 59. ask an asian child toadd three-tens-seven and two-tens-two, and then the necessary equation(等式 ) is right there, inthe sentence. no number translation is necessary: its five-tens-nine.when it comes to math, in other words, asians have a

54、 built-in advantage. for years, students from china, south korea, and japan - outperformed their western classmates at mathematics,and the typical assumption is that it has something to do with a kind of asian talent for math. the differences between the number systems in the east and the west suggest something very different - that being good at math may also be rooted in a groups culture.（ 1） what does the passage mainly talk about?a. the asian number-naming system helps grasp advanced math skills better.b. western culture fail to provide their children with adequate number knowledg