动态路由配置

1、3.4 OSPF动态路由配置【项目情境】 假设某高校有两个校区，需要把两个校区的两台路由器进行相关的OSPF动态路由配置，实现两个校中多个子网的互通，即使每个校园内有扩充或拆除子网的情况也不会有任何影响。【项目目的】1.掌握OSPF路由的技术原理和类型。2.掌握OSPF路由的配置方法和路由表的形成。3.巩固本地环回接口Loopback的配置方法。4.巩固三层交换机中SVI和端口路由的配置方法。5.掌握三层交换机的动态路由配置技巧。【相关设备】 路由器两台、PC机两台、V.35线缆一对、交叉线2根。【项目拓扑】【项目任务】1.如上图搭建网络环境，并对两个路由器关闭电源，分别扩展一个同异步高速串口

2、模块(WIC-2T)。两个路由器之间使用V.35的同步线缆连接，RouterA的S0/1口连接的是DCE端，RouterB的S0/1口连接的是DTE端。（在模拟器中，路同器和PC机之间使用交叉线连接，使用直接线不通，真实设备中可以使用直连线连接），设置两台PC的地址和网关。2.配置RouterA和RouterB的F0/0口地址与S0/1口地址。在RouterA的S0/1口上配置同步时钟为64000。查看RouterA和RouterB的路由表。测试四台设备的联通性。总结并说明是为什么？3.在RouterA上配置OSPF路由协议，在RouterB上配置OSPF路由协议。再次查看RouterA和Ro

3、uterB的路由表。测试四台设备的联通性(应该全通)。总结并说明是为什么？4.增加一台三层交换机SwitchA，按照如下拓扑图连接三层交换机和PC1机，改更PC1机的IP和网关，在三层交换机上设置VLAN10和VLAN50，并把F0/23-24端口划分到VLAN10中，把F0/1-10端口划分到VLAN50中，并对VLAN10和VLAN50设置如下地址（SVI接口地址）。5.在SwitchA上开启三层交换机路由功能，并配置OSPF路由协议，查看SwitchA、RouterA和RouterB的路由表。测试所有设备的联通性(应该全通) ，感受三层交换机的路由功能。6.在RouterB上创建本地环回

4、接口Loopback 0，地址设为172.16.4.1/24。在三层交换机SwitchA上设置F0/16端口的地址为172.16.6.1/24（需开启端口的三层路由功能），并连接一台PC3，地址设为172.16.6.2/24。改建后的拓扑图如下：7在三层交换机和路由器B上增加直连网段的申明。然后再次查看SwitchA、RouterA和RouterB的路由表。测试所有设备的联通性(应该全通) ，感受三层交换机的端口地址和SVI地址形成的路由功能，感受虚拟接口loopback形成的路由功能。8.最后把配置以及ping的结果截图打包，以“学号姓名”为文件名，提交作业。9.使用锐捷设备（2、3人一组）

5、完成上面的步骤（端口见如下拓扑图）【实验命令】1.RouterA上配置OSPF路由协议RouterA(config)#router ospf 10RouterA(config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0RouterA(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 02.RouterB上配置OSPF路由协议RouterB(config)#router ospf 20RouterB(config-router)#network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0Rou

6、terB(config-router)#network 172.16.3.0 0.0.0.255 area 03.OSPF相关诊断命令(1)show ip protocol(2)show ip route(3)show ip ospf neighbor(4)show ip ospf neighbor detail(5)show ip ospf database(6)show ip ospf interface4.在SwitchA上开启三层交换机路由功能，并配置OSPF路由协议SwitchA(config)#ip routingSwitchA(config)# router ospf 30Swi

7、tchA (config-router)#network 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0SwitchA (config-router)#network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 05.在RouterB上创建本地环回接口Loopback 0，地址设为172.16.4.1/24RouterB(config)#interface loopback 0RouterB(config-if)#ip address 172.16.4.1 255.255.255.06.在三层交换机SwitchA上设置F0/16端口的地址为172.16.6.1/24Switch

8、A(config)# interface range fastethernet 0/16SwitchA(config-if)#no switchport (开启端口的三层路由功能)SwitchA(config-if)#ip address 172.16.6.1 255.255.255.0SwitchA(config-if)#no shutdown7.在三层交换机和路由器B上增加直连网段的申明SwitchA(config)#router ospf 30SwitchA(config-router)#network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0RouterB(config)

9、#router ospf 20RouterB(config-router)#network 172.16.4.0 0.0.0.255 area 08.锐捷设备：开启OSPF路由协议时不需要加进程号，如：RouterA(config)#router ospf【注意事项】1.配置三层交换机的OSPF路由协议时，要先开启三层交换机的路由功能。2.在三层交换机上对端口直接设地址时，要先进入此端口，并开启端口路由功能。3.网络拓扑有变化，有新的网段出现的时候，申明新的直接网段的时候，要放在同一个进程内，否则会其他路由口器学习不到此路由信息。【配置结果】1. SwitchA#show vlan VLAN

10、Name Status Ports- - - -1 default active Fa0/11, Fa0/12, Fa0/13, Fa0/14 Fa0/15, Fa0/16, Fa0/17, Fa0/18 Fa0/19, Fa0/20, Fa0/21, Fa0/22 Gig0/1, Gig0/210 VLAN0010 active Fa0/23, Fa0/2450 VLAN0050 active Fa0/1, Fa0/2, Fa0/3, Fa0/4 Fa0/5, Fa0/6, Fa0/7, Fa0/8 Fa0/9, Fa0/102. SwitchA#show ip route Codes: C

11、 - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level

12、-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masksC 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan10O 172.16.2.0/24 110/65 via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:0

13、8, Vlan10O 172.16.3.0/24 110/66 via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:08, Vlan10O 172.16.4.1/32 110/66 via 172.16.1.1, 00:26:08, Vlan10C 172.16.5.0/24 is directly connected, Vlan50C 172.16.6.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/163.SwitchA#show ip ospf neighborNeighbor ID Pri State Dead Time Address Interface1

14、72.16.2.1 1 FULL/BDR 00:00:30 172.16.1.1 Vlan104.SwitchA#show running-config Building configuration.Current configuration : 1662 bytesversion 12.2no service password-encryptionhostname SwitchAip routingip ssh version 1port-channel load-balance src-macinterface FastEthernet0/1 switchport access vlan

15、50interface FastEthernet0/2 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/3 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/4 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/5 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/6 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/7 switchport access

16、 vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/8 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/9 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/10 switchport access vlan 50interface FastEthernet0/11interface FastEthernet0/12interface FastEthernet0/13interface FastEthernet0/14interface FastEthernet0/15interfac

17、e FastEthernet0/16 no switchport ip address 172.16.6.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/17interface FastEthernet0/18interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20interface FastEthernet0/21interface FastEthernet0/22interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport access vlan 10

18、interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport access vlan 10interface GigabitEthernet0/1interface GigabitEthernet0/2interface Vlan1 no ip address shutdowninterface Vlan10 ip address 172.16.1.2 255.255.255.0interface Vlan50 ip address 172.16.5.1 255.255.255.0router ospf 30 log-adjacency-changes network 172.1

19、6.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 172.16.5.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 172.16.6.0 0.0.0.255 area 0ip classlessline con 0line vty 0 4 loginend5. RouterA#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1

20、 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of

21、 last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/16 is variably subnetted, 6 subnets, 2 masksC 172.16.1.0/24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0C 172.16.2.0/24 is directly connected, Serial0/1O 172.16.3.0/24 110/65 via 172.16.2.2, 00:32:15, Serial0/1O 172.16.4.1/32 110/65 via 172.16.2.2, 00:32:15, Serial0/1O 1

22、72.16.5.0/24 110/2 via 172.16.1.2, 00:31:40, FastEthernet0/0O 172.16.6.0/24 110/2 via 172.16.1.2, 00:27:27, FastEthernet0/06. RouterA#show running-config Building configuration.Current configuration : 565 bytesversion 12.2no service password-encryptionhostname RouterAip ssh version 1interface FastEt

23、hernet0/0 ip address 172.16.1.1 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed autointerface FastEthernet0/1 no ip address duplex auto speed auto shutdowninterface Serial0/0 no ip address shutdowninterface Serial0/1 ip address 172.16.2.1 255.255.255.0 clock rate 64000router ospf 10 log-adjacency-changes network 17

24、2.16.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 network 172.16.2.0 0.0.0.255 area 0ip classlessline con 0line vty 0 4 loginend7. RouterB#show ip route Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2

25、- OSPF NSSA external type 2 E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, ia - IS-IS inter area * - candidate default, U - per-user static route, o - ODR P - periodic downloaded static routeGateway of last resort is not set 172.16.0.0/24 is subnetted, 6 subnetsO 172.16.1.0 110/65 via 172.16.2.1, 00:34:01, Serial0/1C 172.16.2.0 is directly connected, Serial0/1C 172.16.3.0