虚拟语气复习

虚拟语气复习,Grammar,Subjunctivemood,V+ed(were),haddone,would/could/should/might+V(原),would/could/should/might+have+p.p.,1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodo,would/could/should/might+V.(原),一、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法,1.如果你早来5分钟,你就赶上这趟车了。,Ifyou_herefiveminutesearlier,you_thebus.,2.如果我现在不忙,我就来帮你了。,IfI_notbusy,I_younow.,3.如果明天下雪了,我们怎么办？,What_wedoifit_tomorrow?,hadgot,were,wouldhelp,should,weretosnow,wouldhavecaught,IfI_(be)busynow,I_(go)toseethefilmwithyou.,werenot,wouldgo,Ifhe_(drive)morecarefully,he_thecar(have)accidentyesterday.,wouldnothavehad,haddriven,连词if的省略如果虚拟条件句的谓语部分有were,had和should时,可省略if,把were,had和should放到从句主语前面去,多见于书面语。要是没有你的帮助，我就失败了。_,Ishouldhavefailed.,Hadyounothelpedme,假如你处在我的地位，你也会这样干的。_youwoulddothesame.假如他们进攻我们，我们就把他们彻底消灭干净。_wewouldwipethemoutcompletely.,Wereyouinmyposition,Shouldtheyattackus,注意：(1)混合型的条件句当条件从句与主句所表的时间不一致时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。主句和从句的谓语动词并不相互呼应，这种条件句叫混合条件句。较多见的混合型条件句是从句用过去完成时（指过去行为），而主句用一般时（指目前状态）。,如果他听了我的劝告，他现在会通过考试。Hewouldpassthetestifhe_myadvice.假如昨天我对他说了，现在我就知道该怎么办了。IfIhadspokentohimyesterday,I_whattodonow.假如我是你，我当时就不会打破那杯子。IfIwereyou,I_theglass.,hadfollowed,wouldknow,couldnthavebroken,(2)含蓄虚拟条件句。句中有without,butfor(要不是),or,otherwise,but等词隐含某种假设。,Withoutwater,wewoulddie.=Iftherewerenowater,wewoulddie.句子(事实)+otherwise/or+句子(虚拟语气)Hedidntcomeyesterday.Otherwise,Iwouldhaveseenhim.句子(虚拟语气)+but+句子(事实)Shecouldhavearrivedontime,buthercarbrokedownhalfway.,在含有Ifitwerenotfor或Ifithadnotbeenfor条件句的虚拟语气中。,Ifitwerenotfortherain,thecropswoulddie.,要不是你的帮助，我们就不可能提前完成任务。Ifithadnotbeenforyourhelp,wecouldnthavefinishedtheworkaheadoftime.=Butforyourhelp=Withoutyourhelp,没有你的帮助，我们当时就不会实验成功。Withoutyourhelp,we_(success)intheexperimentatthattime.要不是这场雨，我们就完成工作了。Butfortherain,we_(finish)thework.,couldnthavesucceeded,wouldhavefinished,二、虚拟语气特殊句型:,1.wish的宾语从句,现在:过去时(were)过去:过去完成时(haddone)未来:would/could/might+V.(原)should,我现在要是年轻十岁就好了。IwishIweretenyearsyoungernow.我昨天要是遇见他就好了。IwishIhadmethimyesterday.我希望成为一名科学家。IwishIwouldbeascientist.,IwishI_(be)astallasYaoMing.,were,Thepartywasterrible,IwishI_(nevergo)toit.,hadnevergone,Iwishit_(rain)tomorrow.,wouldrain,2.wouldratherthat,现在:过去:未来:,Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.IwouldratherIhadntcomeyesterday.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.,过去时,过去时,过去完成时,3.asif/though+从句,现在：过去：,过去时,过去完成时,Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.Irememberthewholethingasifithadhappenedyesterday.,他们就像多年的朋友一样交谈。Theytalkedasifthey_(be)friendsforyears.他看上去像是醉了。Helooksasifhe_(be)drunk.但如果表达是事实，不用虚拟语气。Thedarkcloudsgathernowasifitisgoingtorain.,hadbeen,were,我们该去睡觉了。,4.Its(about/high)time+that,过去时(were)should(不省)+V.,你该走了。,Itshightimethatyouwent.Itshightimethatyouweregoing.Itshightimethatyoushouldgo.,Itstimethatwewenttobed.Itstimethatweshouldgotobed.,5.表示要求、命令、建议的虚拟语气。使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。,常见动词:一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。1)insist2)order,command3)demand,require,request4)advise,suggest,propose,recommend,Isuggestthatwe(should)holdameetingnextweek.Heinsistedthathe(should)besentthere.,注意:(1)当suggest为“建议”，从句用虚拟语气。但为“暗示，表明”，则用陈述语气。(2)当insist为“坚持要，坚持要求”，从句用虚拟语气，但为“坚持说，坚持认为”，从句用陈述语气。,1)Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody_(obey)therules.2)Heinsistedthatshe_(be)seriouslyillandthat_(send)tohospitalatonce.,obey,was,besent,3)Hesuggestedthatwe_(have)ameetingatonce.4)Hispalefacesuggestedthathe_(be)ill.,have,was,以上动词相应的名词构成的名词性从句包括主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句也要使用虚拟语气，从句中的动词形式为(should)+动词原形。Itsdemandedthateveryoneshouldbehere.Hisorderisthatweshouldsetoffat2oclock.Hegaveusarequestthatweshouldleavesoon.,6.Itsnecessary/strange/natural/important/pity/nowonder/impossible+that从句,从句中的动词要用虚拟，即(should)+动词原形,我们掌握一门外语是非常重要的。Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.很奇怪她竟然拒绝来参加聚会。Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.我们有必要努力学习。Itsnecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.,7.虚拟语气用于Ifonly引导的感叹句中，“要是就好了”(同wish用法)IfonlyIwereaflyingbird!=HowIwishIwereaflyingbird!Ifonlytherainwouldstop！=HowIwishtherainwouldstop！要是我看过那部电影就好了！IfonlyIhadseenthefilm!=HowIwishIhadseenthefilm!,Youdidntletmedrive.Ifwe_(drive)inturn,you_(notget)sotired.,2._it_(notbe)foryourhelp,Icouldnthavemadeanyprogress.,haddriven,wouldnthavegot,Had,notbeen,Fillintheblankswiththeverbsgiveninthebracketsintheirproperforms.,3.Ifhe_(be)myteacher,I_(be)happy.,were,wouldbe,5.Muchlabourwouldha