大学英语阅读理解解题技巧

阅读理解应试技巧,LOGO,一、阅读方法：首先，在解题前，应先快速浏览文章后的问题，找出题干中的关键词，明确需要解决的问题，这样阅读的目的就很明确；然后带着这些问题的关键词句开始阅读，并结合以下三种阅读方法解不同的题型。略读（Skimming）：这种阅读方式用于快速浏览，其主要目的就是把握全文的大意。要按意群扫视，连贯阅读；要特别注意文章的开始段、结束段、每段的首句和结尾句以及段落之间的连接词语和文章中的信息词，它们往往是了解文章大意的关键。查读（Scanning）：这种阅读方式适于寻找具体细节，例如：事实、数字、人物、原因、年代、方式等。这种方法主要用于做细节题。细读（Readingforfullunderstanding）：这种阅读方式适于某些需要判断或思考的问题。对于这种问题先要找到它在文章中的相关段落，然后逐句阅读，特别是对与问题有关的关键词、关键句要仔细推敲。,二阅读考题类型及相应的应答技巧（一）细节题：主要是考查学生对文章某些事实的细节和数据的掌握，这类问题的答案一般都能在原文中找到。对于事实细节题，关键是要定位准确。应首先找到它的考查点，这种题只要找到细节题所在的地方，再联系上下文，然后根据它的命题规律答题即可。这类题的题干答案在意义上通常等于原文中某一部分的内容，也就是说用不同的表达方式使题干答案与原文等值（即同义结构，如：educationalinstitutionschool;makestrenuouseffortsstrive）。文中的时间、地点、人物、数量或事实多为提问的对象（即when,where,who,why,how,howmany/much,.），而这些问题的表达常不采用文章中的原话提问，而是使用同义词语等，因此，在选择答案前应首先看准题干，看清问题所问究竟是什么细节内容；然后，在查读时注意寻找与题目相关的关键词语；最后，在充分理解原文、原题的基础上确定答案。,TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeoutin1789.AtthetimeFrancewasinacrisis.Thegovernmentwasbadlyrunandpeopleslivesweremiserable.KingLouisXIVtriedtocontrolthenationalparliamentandraisemoretaxes.Buthiseffortfailed.HeorderedhistroopstoVersailles.ThepeoplethoughtthatLouisintendedtoputdowntheRevolutionbyforce.OnJuly14,1789,theystormedandtooktheBastille,wherepoliticalprisonerswerekept.12.Whichdidnothappenin1789?A.TheFrenchRevolutionbrokeout.B.Thenationaleconomywasdevelopingrapidly.C.Thegovernmentwasntwellrun.D.KingLouisXIVwasinpower.13.Wherewerethepoliticalprisonerskept?A.InVersailles.B.InAustria.C.InPrussia.D.InBastille.,B,D,Acouple,JohnandMary,hadtwolovelychildren.Johnhadjustbeenaskedtogoonabusinesstripandwouldbegoneforseveraldays.Marywouldgoalongtoo.Theyhiredareliablewomantocareforthechildrenandmadethetrip,returninghomealittleearlierthantheyhadplanned.Astheydroveintotheirhometown,theynoticedsmoke,andtheywentofftheirusualroutetoseewhatitwas.Theyfoundahomeinflames.Marysaid,Well,itisntourfire,letsgohome.“1.JohnandMaryhiredawomantolookaftertheirchildrenwhen_.A.thechildrenweregettingoutofcontrol.B.JohnwouldbeonabusinesstripandMarywouldgoalong,too.C.therewasacaraccident.D.theyweretootiredtodoitthemselves.2.Ontheirwayhomethecouple_.A.foundamurder.B.foundarobbery.C.firstnoticedsmokeandthentheyfoundahouseinfire.D.foundthattheywererunningoutofgas.,B,C,Ioftenfindmyselftryingtoexplaintheattractiontravelingholdsforme.Traveling,accordingtomanypeople,isoftenuncomfortableandeven,atleastsometimes,dangerous.Butonebenefitoftravelingisthatitcreatesaperfectatmospherefortheobservationoflife,anenvironmentthatcanleadtobetterunderstandingandenlightenment.Manywonderfulpeopleandplaceslieontheroadahead.Thefactthatthereareobstaclesaswellonlymakesthejourneymorerewarding.Mylifeandmymemorieswillbeimprovedafterencounteringthesepeopleandplaces.Thatsaprettybigbenefit!1.Accordingtotheauthor,_canonlymakethejourneymoreworthwhile.A.obstaclesB.memoriesC.additionalfascinationD.benefit,A,OfcourseIcouldalsoenrichmylifewithouttravelingveryfaratall,butthereissomethingaboutforeignlandsthatprovidesanadditionalfascination.Ithinkmostnon-travelersaresimplytoodistractedbythingssuchaswork,home,andfriendstodevotetheirfullattentiontoobservationoflife.ImmoreobservantwhenImontheroadandtherefore,morealive.Italktomorepeopleandlistentothemcarefully.Ikeenlynoticeeverythingaboutmystrangenewenvironment.Iseealotofhumorthatcancompensatefor(弥补)themisery(痛苦)ofmovingabout.Accordingtotheauthor,theproblemwithmostnon-travelersisthat_.A.theyliveabusylifewithouthavingfun.B.theirattentioncenterssomuchonwork,homeandfriendsthattheydontobservelifewholeheartedly.C.theyconsidermoney-makingthemostimportantthing.D.theycantenrichtheirlifebecausetheydonttravelveryfar.,B,（二）正误判断题由于所提信息在文中比较清晰，可以一一找到，所以，解决这类问题可采用带选题跳读的阅读技巧，首先找出问题或选项中出现的关键词语或主要检测点，然后略读文章，扫描这些词所在的句子，再详细读这些句子。必要时，连同它们前后的句子也要仔细阅读，以便综合考虑和确定答案。这样做可以有根据地排除多余的信息及干扰，快速抓住供解题用的信息点，提高解题速度和准确性。A:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingis(NOT)true?B:Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementsiswrong?,IntheUnitedStates,itisnotcustomarytotelephonesomeoneveryearlyinthemorning.Ifyoutelephonehimearlyintheday,whileheisshavingorhavingbreakfast,thetimeofthecallshowsthatthematterisveryimportantandrequiresimmediateattention.Thesamemeaningisattachedtotelephonecallsmadeafter11:00p.m.Ifsomeonereceivesacallduringsleepinghours,heassumesitsamatteroflifeordeath.Thetimechosenforthecallcommunicatesitsimportance.Insociallife,timeplaysaveryimportantpart.IntheU.S.A.gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.Butitisnottrueinallcountries.Inotherareasoftheworld,itmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmenttoofarinadvancebecauseplanswhicharemadeforadatemorethanaweekawaytendtobeforgotten.Themeaningoftimediffersindifferentpartsoftheworld.Thus,misunderstandingsarisebetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesthattreattimedifferently.PromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife,forexample.Ifpeoplearenotprompt,theymayberegardedasimpoliteornotfullyresponsible.IntheU.S.noonewouldthinkofkeepingabusinessassociatewaitingforanhour,itwouldbetooimpolite.Apersonwhois5minuteslate,willsayafewwordsofexplanation,thoughperhapshewillnotcompletethesentence.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?_A.IntheU.S.Agueststendtofeeltheyarehighlyregardediftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.B.Thereisnomisunderstandingarisingbetweenpeoplefromdifferentculturesabouttheconceptoftime.C.ItmaybeconsideredfoolishtomakeanappointmentwellinadvanceintheU.S.A.D.PromptnessisvaluedhighlyinAmericanlife.,D,Greatwritersarethosewhonotonlyhavegreatthoughtsbutalsoexpressthesethoughtsinwordswhichappealpowerfullytoourmindsandemotions.Thischarmingandtellinguseofwordsiswhatwecallliterarystyle.Aboveall,therealpoetisamasterofwords.Hecanconveyhismeaninginwordswhichsinglikemusicandwhichbytheirpositionandassociationcanmovementotears.Weshouldthereforelearntochooseourwordscarefullyandusethemaccurately,ortheywillmakeourspeechsillyandvulgar.WhichofthefollowingstatementsabouttherealpoetisNOTtrue?A.Heisnomorethanamasterofwords.B.Hecanconveyhisideasinwordswhichsinglikemusic.C.Hecanmovementotears.D.Hisstyleisalwayscharming.,A,CongressapprovedtheRehabilitationAct(助残法案)in1973.Thislawrequiresschoolstoprovidedisabledstudentswithopportunitiesequaltothoseforotherstudents.Amorerecentlawrequirespublicschoolstoestablishaprogramforeachchildfoundtohaveadisability.Schoolsmustwrite,andfollow,astatementcalledanI.E.P.,anindividualizededucationprogram.Ifnot,parentsmaytakelegalaction.Statesmustprovidespecialeducationservicesforfree.Teacherswiththeseskillsareingreatdemand.Therearemanywaystomeettheneedsofastudentwhohasdisabilities.Onewayistogivethestudentextratimetocompletework.Teachersmightalsopermitthestudenttotaketestsdifferentlyfromothersinclass.WhatisNOTmentionedinthearticle?A.Statesmustprovidespecialeducationserviceswithoutaskingstudentsformoney.B.Teacherswithskillstohelpdisabledstudentsareneededbadly.C.Teachersmightpreventthestudentfromtakingtestsdifferentlyfromothersinclass.D.Onewaytomeetdisabledstudentsneedistogivethestudentsextratimetocompletework.,C,TherearemanywaystomeettheneedsofastudentwhohasdisabilitiesTechnologyisonewaytohelp.Therearecomputerprograms,forexample,designedfortheneedsofpeoplewithlearningdisabilities.TherearesomeschoolsintheUnitedStatesthatteachonlystudentswithlearningdisabilities.OneisLandmarkCollegeinthenortheasternstateofVermont.Studentsattendforuptothreeyears.Itpreparesthemtocontinuetheireducationatothercolleges.ClassesatLandmarkCollegearesmall.Studentshavetheirownlearningplan,andaspecialteachertohelpthemstudy.WhichofthefollowingisTRUE?A.TherearefewwaystomeettheneedsofastudentwhohaslearningdisabilitiesB.TherearesomeschoolsintheUnitedStatesthatteachonlystudentswithlearningdisabilities.C.Computerprogramsdesignedfortheneedsofpeoplewithlearningdisabilitiesarenotavailablesofar.D.ClassesatLandmarkCollegeareverybig.,B,（三）词义题阅读理解的词义题并非是单纯地考查词汇量，而是考查学生在一定的上下文中辨认和推测词义的能力。常见命题方式：A:Theword.(Line,Para)mostprobablyrefersto_.B:Inthispassage,probablymeans_C:Theword“”couldbestbereplacedbywhichofthefollowing?解题方法：（1）直接定义。作者用了生词，然后马上就用一些简单的单词来解释它。这种重述就是直接定义，常见标志有连词or，而且多用逗号与生词隔开，“referto”,“mean”等；（2）同义暗示法。作者用了一个生词的时候，一般会在下文用一个同义词来暗示这个单词的意思；（3）反义对比法。作者通过介绍一个生词的反义词来告诉我们这个生词的意思。因此，表示转折的联接词but,unlike,while,however,onthecontrary就成了这类题目的标志词；（4）事例证明法。诸如forexample,suchas之类的词组。,Paper,likemanyotherthingsthatweusetoday,wasfirstmadeinChina.InEgyptandtheWest,paperwasnotverycommonlyusedbeforetheyear1400.TheEgyptianswroteonakindofmaterialmadeofawaterplant.Europeansusedparchmentformanyhundredsofyear.Parchmentwasverystrong;itwasmadefromtheskinofcertainyounganimals.WehavelearntofthemostimportantfactsofEuropeanhistoryfromrecordsthatwerekeptonparchment.Whatsthemeaningfortheword“parchment”?_A.Theskinofyounganimals.B.Akindofpapermadefromtheskinofcertainyounganimals.C.ThepaperusedbyEuropeancountries.D.ThepaperofEgypt.,B,ThemainthingtosayabouttheweatherinBritainisthatitsunpredictable.Forsomepeoplethisisinteresting,forothersitisirritating(烦人的).Butcertainlyyoucannevertellwithcertaintyfromonedaytothenextwhattheweatherisgoingtobelike.Everymorningwhenyouwakeupisaglorioussurpriseespeciallyifyouhaveplannedtogototheseasideandyoufinditispouringrainorsnowing.Thereareweatherforecasts(预报)ontheradioandTVandinthenewspaperbutonthewholenobodybelievesthem.Theword“unpredictable”means_.A.cannotbetoldinadvanceB.cannotbeunderstoodC.cannotbepreparedforaheadD.cannotbeconcluded,A,Weweresorrythatwehadtoasktheyoungmantoleavethejob.Itwasnotthathewasunpopularwiththeotherpeopleintheoffice.Everyonelikedhim.Norwasitthathewasincapable.Hehadplentyofabilities.Theproblemwasthatsomuchofhisworkwasunsatisfactory;itwasntgoodenough.Sometimeshewouldleaveajobunfinished,andnevercomebacktocompleteit.Othertimeshiswritingwouldbesoillegiblethatyoucouldntreadit.Orhemightdisappearfromtheofficeforanhourorsowithnoexplanationofwherehehadbeen.Onceortwicehesatunoccupiedforawhile,doingnothingatall,untilsomeonenoticedhimandgavehimsomework.Inthepassage“illegible”refersto_.A.difficultorimpossibletoreadB.easyandreadytoreadC.easyandsmoothtowriteD.difficultorimpossibletowrite,A,Fortherestofthe1920s,Hitchcockworkedononefilmafteranother,inBritainandonlocationinGermany.Filmingwasoftenarough-and-ready(匆忙做成的)affairandtheassistantdirectorwasrequiredtostepinandpluggaps.Acameramanwentmissing,Hitchcockbecameacameraman.Asceneneededrewriting,Hitchcockrewroteit.Someoneneededtobeinchargeofmoneywhenthefilmcrewwasonlocation,Hitchcocklookedafterthemoney.Accordingtothecontext(上下文),“stepinandpluggaps”means_.A.takeonesplacetodosomethingB.askforoneshelpC.makeuponesmindtodosomethingD.congratulatesomeoneonsomething,A,Isthereprivacybetweenhusbandandwife?OneofSoniasfriendsmarriedatalentedChineseman,butrecentlyshebecamesoangrythatshewantedadivorce.Thereasonwasthatherhusbandhadopenedoneofherlettersandlookedthroughherpurse.ThehusbanddidntrealizethatAmericanswouldnttolerateit.Hethoughtbeingacouplewaslikebeingoneperson;whycouldntheseetheletterorthecontentsofthepurse?Truly,everyone,eventhoselivingasacouple,needsroomnotonlyinthree-dimensional(立体的)space,butintheheart.Theword“tolerate”means_.A.getridofB.forgetC.bearD.beat,C,Thosetiny,littlehairsaboveoureyesthatmanywomenpaysomuchattentiontoplayaveryimportantroleinkeepingmoistureoutofoureyes.Justlikeanumbrellakeepsourbodiesdryfromtherain,ourhairyeyebrowskeepoureyesdryfromrainorsweat.Whenitspouringrainoutsideorwhensweatdripsdownfromourforeheads,oureyebrowsdiverttheflowofwaterorsweatawayfromoureyes.Accordingtothecontext(上下文),“moisture”refersto_.A.iceB.boiledwaterC.rainorsweatD.softdrink,C,StillJohndroveupandstoppedandtheywerebothhorror-strickentoseethewholehouseinflames.Awomanonthelawnwasscreaming,Thechildren!Getthechildren!Johngrabbedherbytheshouldersaying,Telluswherethechildrenare!Inthebasement,sobbedthewoman,downthehallandtotheleft.“Whatdoes“horror-stricken”mean_.A.greatlyfrightenedB.deeplymovedC.highlypraisedD.completelysurprised,A,（四）主旨题：主要的目的是了解文章所论述的主题思想以及作者的写作意图。常见命题方式：A:Whatisthegeneraltopicofthepassage?B:Thebesttitleforthispassageis_.C:Themainideaofthispassageis_.D:Whatisthepassageabout?E:Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?这类问题选择答案时切忌过于具体，不能选择概括全篇文章中某一段落的主题的、或是某个细节的选项；另外也不要选择过于笼统的答案，致使选项中包含的内容超越了文章的主题。最基本的方法是找各个段落的主题句。主题句通常在一段的开头或者结尾部分。因此解答主旨题时，应该多关注一个段落的两头。当然，有时候主题句藏在一段的中间，甚至压根儿就没有主题句。,Americansinbusinessarelikepeoplewhoareinbusinessanywhere,theyhavealanguageoftheirown.Onesuchthingisgetyouracttogether.Whenthingsgowronginabusiness,anemployermaygetangry,hemayshoutgetyouracttogether.Gettingyouracttogetherisgettingorganized.Inbusinessitusuallymeansdevelopingacalmandorderlyplanofaction.Itisdifficulttotellexactlywherethesayingbegan.Butitisprobablethatitwasinthetheaterormovieindustry.Perhapsoneoftheactorswasnervousandmadealotofmistakes.ThedirectormayhavesaidCalmdownnow,getyouracttogether.WordexpertJamesRogersaystheexpressionwascommonbythelate1970s.AnotherexpressionusedbyAmericanbusinesspeopleiscuttothechaseThepassageismainlyabout_.A.AmericanbusinessworldB.movielanguageC.AmericanbusinesslanguageD.Americanbusinessmen,C,OnFebruary14thmanypeopleintheworldcelebrateanunusualholiday,St.ValentinesDay,aspecialdayforlovers.TheoriginofthisholidayisuncertainbutaccordingtoonestoryitgetsitsnamefromaChristiannamedValentinewholivedinRomeduringthe3rdcenturyA.D.HisjobwastoperformmarriagesforChristiancouples.UnfortunatelytheEmperorofRomedidntallowChristianmarriages.Sotheyhadtobeperformedinsecret.FinallyValentinewasarrestedandputintoprison.Whilehewasinprisonhefellinlovewiththedaughteroftheprisonguard.AfteroneyeartheEmperorofferedtoreleaseValentineifhewouldstopperformingChristianmarriages.ValentinerefusedandsohewaskilledinFebruary,270A.D.BeforeherwaskilledValentinesentalovelettertothedaughteroftheprisonguard.Hesignedtheletter“fromyourValentine”.ThatwasthefirstValentine.TodayValentinesarecardsusuallyredandshapedlikeheartswithmessagesoflovewritteninthem.OnValentinesDaytensofmillionsofpeoplesendandreceiveValentines.Whetheritisanexpensiveheart-shapedboxofchocolatesfromasecretadmirerorasimplehand-madecardfromachild,aValentineisaveryspecialmessageoflove.Thepassageismainlyabout_.A.aspecialholidayB.onepossibleoriginofSt.ValentinesDayC.thelovestoryofaChristiancalledValentineD.whatisValentinetoday,B,IfyouarelikemostlearnersofEnglish,youprobablydonotspendmuchtimereadingEnglish.Youarelikelytobeawareofanurgentneedtoimproveyourspeakingandlisteningskills,increaseyourvocabularyandimproveyourgrammar.Becauseoftheseseeminglymoreurgent(紧急的)needs,readingskillsimprovementisoftenputatthebottomofthelistofthingstodotoimproveyourEnglishability.YoumayalsotellyourselfthatyoudonotneedtospendextratimeonreadingimprovementbecauseyoudoreadinginEnglishaspartofyourschoolworkorjob.Puttingoffreadingimprovementwiththistypeofreasoningisoneofthebiggestmistakesyoucanmakeinyourlanguage-learningplanning.Thepurposeofreadingpracticeisfarmorethanjustimprovingreadingcomprehension.ThroughreadingyourcanimproveyourEnglishabilityinsomanyways.Bycomingintocontactwithnewwordsandbeingabletounderstandtheirmeaning,youareabletoincreaseyourwordpower.Thesameistrueforidioms.Throughrepeatedcontactwithnewandnot-so-familiarsentenceconstruction,youimproveyourunderstandingofgrammar.Withthisincreaseinknowledgeanduseofvocabulary,idioms,andgrammar,yourwritingabilitywillimprove,yourspeakingabilitywillimprove,andevenyourlisteningcomprehensionwillimprove,too.Thebesttitleforthepassageis_.A.“ThePurposeofReading”B.“TheImportanceofReading”C.“TheImportanceofLanguageAbility”D.“TheImprovementofReadingAbility”,B,推理判断题：考试重头戏，20个题中常有6-8个，着重考查学生归纳概括、逻辑推理等综合能力。,以原文内容为前提，据作者的观点理论（非考生观点），客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。,推理判断型,透过现象看本质，领悟作者思想倾向、观点、立场、语气及态度等。,推理判断题（做题要领）,既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度去考虑，不要固守自己的看法或观点。,推理判断型常见的命题方式有：Thepassageimplies(暗示)that_.Wecanconclude(得出结论)fromthepassagethat_.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferred(推论)?Whatisthetone(语气)oftheauthor?Whatisthepurpose(目的)ofthispassage?Thepassageisintendedto_.Wherewouldthispassagemostprobablyappear?,BritainandFranceareseparatedbytheEnglishChannel,abodyofwaterthatcanbecrossedinasfewas20minutes.Buttheculturesofthetwocountriessometimesseemtobemilesapart.LastThursdayBritainandFrancecelebratedthe100thanniversary（周年纪念）ofthesigningofafriendshipagreementTheagreementmarkedanewbeginningforthecountriesfollowingcenturiesofwarsandlove-hatepartnership.Buttheirrelationshiphasbeenupsanddownsoverthepastcentury.Thehistoryofdivisionsmaywellbebecauseoftheverydifferentwaysinwhichthetwosidesseetheworld.Whatevertheansweris,asbothsidescelebrate100yearsof“doubtfulfriendship”,theyareatleastabletomakejokesabouteachother.Heresone:WhatsthebestthingaboutBritainsrelationshipwithFrance?TheEnglishChannel.Whatdoesthelastsentencemean?A.AslongastheEnglishChannelexists,nofurtherdisagreementwillformbetweenFranceandBritain.B.TheEnglishChannelcanpreventanythingunfriendlyhappeninginbothFranceandBritain.C.FranceandBritainarenearneighbors,andthiswillhelpbalancetherelationshipbetweenthem.D.TheEnglishChannelisthelargestenemybetweenFranceandBritain.,C,AstoryistoldaboutasoldierwhowasfinallycominghomeafterhavingfoughtinVietnam.HecalledhisparentsfromSanFrancisco.MomandDad,Imcominghome,butIveafavortoask.Ihaveafriend.Idliketobringhimhomewithme.Sure,theyreplied,wedlovetomeethim.Theressomethingyoushouldknow,thesoncontinued,hewasinjuredprettybadlyinthefighting.Hesteppedonalandmine(地雷)andlostanarmandaleg.Hehasnowhereelsetogo,andIwanthimtolivewithus.Weresorrytohearthat,son.But,maybewecanhelphimfindsomewheretolive.No,MomandDad,Iwanthimtolivewithus.Son,saidthefather,youdontknowwhatyoureasking.Someonewithsuchahandicapwouldbeaterribleburdentous.Wehaveourownlivestolive,andwecantletsomethinglikethisinterferewithourlives.Ithinkyoushouldjustcomehomeandforgetaboutthisguy.Hellfindawaytoliveonhisown.Atthatpoint,thesonhungupthephone.Theparentsheardnothingmorefromhim.Afewdayslater,however,they