The computer and job displacement 原文+翻译.doc

The Computer and the Job DisplacementBack in the early1960s there was fear and unjustified concern over job displacement due to a new technological invention called the Computer. Today, although many people have learned to adjust to the terrific impact the computer has had on society, there are still many who fear that the computer will replace them in their jobs and undermine the labor force as a whole. Nonsense! Instead of replacing people, their computer is developing more positions for employees.1、追溯到上世纪60年代，人们对于电脑这种新科技发明在工作上对人工的替代性充满了恐惧和不当的担忧。如今，虽然很多人已经学者去适应了这种由电脑作用在社会上而带来的巨大冲击，但仍然有许多人担心电脑作为一个体系将在工作中取代他们并且破坏劳动力，然而，事实是电脑非但没有替代人工，反而给受雇者创造了更多的职位。 The computer industry has grown from one of the least understood to one of the most understood and applicable industries the world has ever seen. Much of the growth in computer operations will result in the future from advances in the capabilities of computers. The growth in computer technology, such as the change from transistors to the use of silicon chips, has also caused the industry to change from a specialized field with a small percentage of employees to a verydiversified industry that is constantly meeting new applications and uses. To supplement this change, there has been a demand for an influx of people to fill ever-increasing job openings.2、在过去的这些年，全球已经见证了电脑工业已经从最不被理解的行业之一发张为最被理解和可应用性最高的行业之一，电脑运营的许多发展将决定于未来电脑性能的发展上。电脑科技的发展，就像晶体管到硅片的发展转变也已经使得工业从一个只拥有小部分雇工的特殊领域转变为一个需要不断迎合新应用新用途的多样化工业体系。为了适应这种转变，一种对人才汇集的诉求便应运而生，从而去填补不断增加的工作缺口。 One reason for this fantastic growth in employment is that the computer workers are in every industry. Eighty percent of these workers are employed in four major divisions of industry: Services, Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate. For example, Services, which includes wholesale, manufacturing, and retail trade, experienced an increase of 34 percent in computer employment between the years 1970 and 1978, according to Occupation Outlook Quarterly.3、在雇佣关系中发生这种不可思议的发展，一种解释便是每个行业都需要计算机工作者，这些员工中有八成受雇于四个主要的产业分支：服务业，金融业，保险业和房地产业。例如，由职业前景季刊的数据显示，在1970年到1978年的时间段内，服务业，其中包括批发业、零售业和制造业在计算机方向的员工招聘数量增加了34%。 Statistics from this decade prove beyond a doubt that computers have developed a wealth of job opportunities. Of the five faster-growing jobs in the 1980s, Department of Labor statistics show that three are in the computer industry. These three include: computer service technicians, systems analysts and computer programmers. Although all three of these fields require an educational background that goes beyond the secondary school level, there are many other jobs which require only a high school degree. Some examples of these jobs are computer operators, whose profession has doubled in employment since 1970 and has the largest growth rate of any one field in the computer industry; computer salesmen, who make 10 percent more per year than the average salesman; and data entry personnel, who have experienced great increases in pay and now average $ 245 per week. These are but a few of the many jobs created by the computer.4、通过这十年的资料数据证明，计算机在被质疑的情况下，依然创造了大量的工作机会。由劳动部提供的数据显示，在20世纪80年代的五个发展最迅速的行业中，三个都是计算机行业，这三个行业包括：计算机服务技师，系统分析师和计算机编程人员。虽然这三个领域都对应聘者有中学以上学历教育背景的要求，但仍有许多工作只要求高中学历即可。这类工作包括计算机操作员，这个职业从1970年到现在从业人员已经增长了一倍，这在计算机行业的所有领域中是发展最快的；计算机销售员，他们相对于一般的销售员每年会有多出10%的工资；数据录入人员，他们的工资增长速度最快，现在每周平均工资245，这些都是由计算机创造的，而不是几个大众型工作。 According to Scholastic writer Andrew Calkins, 75 percent of our work force will be using a computer in some way on the job by 1990. Employment of computer workers increased dramatically over the years from 1970-78, rising about two and one-half times as much as did total employment in the economy. This growth rate is expected to continue at an exponential rate. As you can well see, the computer industry is supplying more jobs than any other single industry. Occupation Outlook Quarterly predicts that by 1990, 2,140,000 people will be employed in computer operations, a rise of 85 percent over 1978.5、根据Scholastic 作者Andrew Calkins所提，到1990年75%的劳动力将在工作中通过某种方式使用电脑。从1970年到1978年的八年间计算机专业就业率增长显著，受雇人数比金融业总受雇人数高出2.5倍，这种增长速率期望可以继续以指数增长速率增长。正如你所看到的，计算机行业比起其它任何一个单独的行业能提供更多工作机会，职业前景季刊预测到1990年将有2,140,000的人受雇于计算机操作行业，同比1978年将上升85%。 It is clear that there are many jobs waiting for qualified workers or people who are willing to learn. However, an argument often expressed is that older people who have been trained in semiskilled positions and have lost their jobs to computers will not be able to adapt or retrain to accommodate a job relating to computers. Undoubtedly this has become of major concern to the industry. Many companies have taken on the task of retraining or simply initiating their personnel or customers to computers. Such quotes as Honeywell offers a 20-hour introduction are becoming commonplace in magazines and newspapers. What these ads mean is that companies are confronting the problem by teaching. Control Sata Corporation, for example, has an entire organization devoted to teaching; their software, termed Plato, is being used by many other companies to train personnel in the use of computers. In addition, the most common type of supplementary training includes in-hour education, on-the-job training, reimbursement for college courses, and vocational school. There are but a few of the ways companies are helping to retrain and initiate training. In other word, even though the problem of adaptation to new ideas exists, it is recognizable and surmountable.6、 毫无疑问，有很多工作岗位等待着那些技能合格的工人和那些愿意学习提高的人。但是，常常存在一个争议-那些在工作岗位上被培养成半熟练而因计算机而失去工作年迈的人们，他们将不能适应与计算机相关的职业，或者被再教育来适应这些职业。毫无疑问，这将成为工业中主要涉及到到问题。许多公司已经着手于员工到再教育和客户的导向，从而使之适应计算机。有关“霍尼韦尔公司提供来二十小时的介绍”的言论在杂志和报纸上司空见惯。言外之意，这些广告意味着这些公司正在通过培训来面对这个问题。例如，数据控制公司有一个组织来教员工使用plato软件，其他公司用这种软件来培训员工使用计算机。除此之外，最常见的继续教育，包括在校教育，在职教育，大学和职业院校的课程补充学习。这些有利于再教育和启蒙教育，但这