景观专业词汇.doc

景观专业词汇1.主入口大门/岗亭(车行 & 人行) main entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)2.次入口/岗亭(车行 & 人行 ) 2nd entrance gate/guard house (for vehicle & pedestrian)3.商业中心入口 entrance to shopping ctr.4.水景 water feature5.小型露天剧场 mini amphi-theatre6.迎宾景观-1 welcoming feature-17.观景木台 timber deck (viewing)8.竹园 bamboo garden9.漫步广场 walkway plaza10.露天咖啡廊 out door cafe11.巨大迎宾水景-2 grand welcoming feature -212.木桥 timber bridge13.洞穴 grotto14.吊桥 hanging bridge15.休憩台地(低处) lounging terrace(lower)16.休憩台地(高处) lounging terrace(upper)17.特色踏步 feature stepping stone18.野趣小溪 river wild19.儿童乐园 childrens playground20.旱冰道 slide21.羽毛球场 badminton court22.旱景 dry landscape23.日艺园 Japanese garden24.旱喷泉 dry fountain25.观景台 viewing deck26.游泳池 swimming pool27.极可意 Jacuzzi28.嬉水池 wading pool29.儿童泳池 childrens pool30.蜿蜒水墙 winding wall31.石景雕塑 rock sculpture32.中心广场 central plaza33.健身广场 exercise plaza34.桥 bridge35.交流广场 meditating plaza36.趣味树阵 tree battle formation37.停车场 parking area38.特色花架 trellis39.雕塑小道 sculpture trail40.(高尔夫)轻击区 putting green41.高尔夫球会所 golf clubhouse42.每栋建筑入口 entrance paving to unit43.篮球场 basketball court44.网球场 tennis court45.阶梯坐台 terracing seatwall46.广场 main plaza47.森林 forest garden48.石景园 rockery garden49.旱溪 dry stream50.凉亭 Pavilion51.户外淋浴 outdoor shower52.拉膜结构 tensile structure53.台阶 stair54.高尔夫球车停车场 parking(golf car)55.健身站 exercise station56.晨跑小路 jogging footpath57.车道/人行道 driveway/sidewalk58.人行漫步道 promenade59.瀑布及跳舞喷泉(入口广场) water fall and dancing fountain (entry plaza)60.特色入口 entry feature61.石景广场 rockery plaza总论园林学 Landscape architecture,garden ar-chitecture造园学 Garden making, landscape garden-ing环境园艺学 Environmental horticulture观赏园艺学 Ornamental horticulture园林艺术 garden art园林美学 Garden aesthetics园林建筑学 Garden architecture园林建筑 Garden building园林工程 Garden engineering园林植物 Landscape plant观赏植物 Ornamental plant盆景 Miniature landscape,penjing园林 Garden and park园林学史 History Of garden architecture园林规划 Garden planning,landscaping planning园林设计 Garden design园林机具设备 Gardening machine园林管理 Garden management园林生态 Landscape ecology绿化 greening,planting环境绿化 Environmental greening绿地面积 Green area绿地率 Ratio Of green space城市绿化覆盖率 Urban Green coverage工厂绿化 Factory greening,factory garden-ing街道绿化 Street greening,street planting车行道绿化 Driveway greening分车带绿化 Dividing Stripe greening人行道绿化 Sidewalk greening群众绿化 Mass Planting movement郊区绿化 Suburban greening公路绿化 Highway greening铁路绿化 Railway greening,railway planting堤岸种植 Bank planting阳台绿化 Balcony greening窗台绿化 window-sill greening屋顶绿化 Roof greening垂直绿化 Vertical greening攀缘绿化 Climber greening桥头绿化 Bridgehead greening花园 garden专类花园 Specified flower garden花园村 Garden village 园林城市 Landscape garden city蔷薇园 Rose garden松柏园 Conifer garden球根园 Bulb garden宿根园 Perennial garden假山园 Rock garden,Chinese rockery狩猎场 Hunting ground街心花园 Street crossing center garden小游园 Petty Street garden水景园 Water garden铺地园 Paved garden野趣园 Wild plants botanical garden野生植物园 Wild plants garden乡趣园 Rustic garden盆景园 Penjing garden,miniature land-scape动物园 zoo,zoological garden墓园 Cemetery garden沼泽园 Bog and marsh garden水生植物园 Aquatic plants garden学校园 School garden室内花园 Indoor garden芳香花园 Fragrant garden盲人花园 Garden for the blind公园 park,Public park城市公园 City park,urban park区公园 Regional park儿童公园 Children park体育公园 Sports park森林公园 Forest park纪念公园 Memorial park烈士纪念公园 Martyr memorial park综合公园 Comprehensive park文化公园 Cultural park文化休憩公园 Cultural and recreation park中央公园 Central park天然公园 Natural park海滨公园 Seaside park,seabeach park古迹公园 Historic site park河滨公园 Riverside park湖滨公园 Lakeside park路边公园 Roadside park,street park娱乐公园 Amusement park雕塑公园 Sculpture park休憩公园 Recreation park疗养公园 Sanatorium park国家公园 National park邻里公园 Neighborhood park特种公园 Special park植物园 Botanical garden植物公园 abeled plants park高山植物园 alpine garden热带植物园 tropical plants garden药用植物园 medical plants garden,herb garden绿地 green space公共绿地 Public green space单位绿地 Unit green area城市绿地 Urban green space街道广场绿地 Street and square green area居住区绿地 Residential quarter green area防护绿地 Green area for environmental protection郊区绿地 Suburban green space街坊绿地 Residential block green belt附属绿地 Attached green space生产绿地 Productive plantation area苗圃 nursery风景 landscape,scenery自然景观 Natural landscape人文景观 Human landscape,scenery of humanities草原景观 Prairie landscape山岳景观 Mountain landscape,alpine landscape地理景观 Geographical landscape湖泊景观 Lake view郊区景观 Suburban landscape地质景观 Geological landscape喀斯特景观 Karst landscape植物景观 Plants landscape,flora landscape中国园林史中国古典园林 Classical Chinese garden中国传统园林 Traditional Chinese garden中国古代园林 Ancient Chinese garden中国山水园 Chinese mountain and water garden帝王宫苑 Imperial palace garden皇家园林 Royal garden私家园林 Private garden江南园林 Garden on the Yangtze Delta西方园林史西方古典园林 Western classical garden英国式园林 English style garden中英混合式园林 Anglo-Chinese style garden意大利式园林 Italian style garden西班牙式园林 Spanish style garden法兰西式园林 French style garden勒诺特尔式园林 Le-Notres style garden文艺复兴庄园 Renaissance style villa洛可可式园林 Rococo style garden巴洛克式园林 Baroque style garden庄园 manor,villa garden廊柱园 Peristyle garden,patio绿廊 xystus迷阵 maze,labyrinth生态词汇absolute reproductive value 绝对生殖值abundance 多度abyssal zone 深海带acclimation 驯化accumulation horizon 淀积层Acid precipitation 酸沉降Acid rain 酸雨aestivation 夏眠age-specific life table 特定年龄生命表age structure 年龄结构Agricultural eco-engineering 农业生态工程Agricultural ecology, agroecology 农业生态学Agricultural economical zoning 农业经济区位Agricultural resources 农业资源Agroecosystem 农业生态系统agroecosystem 农业生态系统Agroforestry 农林业系统Allees principle 阿利氏群聚原则alleles 等位基因allelochemic 异种信息素/种间外激素Allelochemicals 化感物质Allelopathy 化感作用Allens rule 阿伦法则allogenic succession 异发演替allopatric speciation 异域性物种altruism 利他行为Artificial auxiliary energy 人工辅助能Artificial direct regulation 人工直接调控Artificial information flow 人工信息流asexual reproduction 无性生殖association 群丛association group 群丛组associations 群丛association table 群丛表association unit theory 群丛单位理论Autecology 个体生态学autogenic succession 自发演替autotrophs 自养生物Auxiliary energy 辅助能balancing selection hypothesize 平衡说basal area 底面积Bergmans rule 贝格曼规律bethal zone 半深海带biocoenosis 生物群落bioconcentration 生物浓缩Biodynamic agriculture 生物动力农业Biogecochemical cycle 生物地球化学循环Biological agriculture 生物农业Biological control 生物防治Biological energy subsidies 生物辅助能biological enrichment 生物富集Biological micro-cycle 生物小循环Biological oxygen demand (BOD) 生化需氧量（生化耗氧量）biomagnification 生物放大Biomass 生物量biomass 生物量biome 生物带Bionomic strategies 生态对策bionomic strategy 生态对策biosphere 生物圈bottle neck 瓶颈C3 plant C3植物C4 plant C4植物CAFs =Controlled availability fertilizers控效肥料CAM plant CAM植物cannibalism 同种相食Capital flow 资金流carnivores 食肉动物carring capacity 负荷量Carrying capacity 环境容纳量catastrophic 灾难性因素Ch =chamaephytes,地上芽植物chamaephytes 地上芽植物character displacement 特征替代cheliophytes 阴性植物Chemical ecology 化学生态学Chemical oxygen demand (COD) 化学耗氧量Chinese Ecological Agriculture 中国生态农业climate climax 气候顶级climate school 气候学派Climax 顶极群落climax 顶级群落climax community 顶级群落cline 渐变群closed community 封闭群落clumped 集群分布coadapted system 协同适应系统coarse grained 粗粒性分布Coases theory 高斯理论co-dynamics 相互动态Coevolution 协同进化co-evolution 协同进化cohort 同生群cold desert 冷荒漠colonization 定居, 建群coloration 色泽Commensalisms 偏利作用communities in littoral zone 沿岸生物群落communities in the limnetic zone 湖沼带生物群落communities in the profundal zone 深水带生物群落Community 群落community 群落Community ecology 群落生态学community matrix 群落矩阵community organization 群落组织companion species 伴生种compen-satory predation 补偿性捕食Competition 竞争competition coefficient 竞争系数Competition exclusion principle 竞争排斥原理competition hypothesis 竞争假说competitive exclusion 竞争排除competive lottery 抽彩式竞争Components structure 组分结构conservation 保守主义者conspicuousness 显著度constancy 恒有度contest competition 干扰竞争contest type of competition 争夺型竞争continental rise 大陆隆continental shelf 大陆架continental slope 大陆坡Controlled availability fertilizers =CAFs,控效肥料convergent adaptation 趋同适应convergent oscillation 趋同波动cost of gene recombination 基因重组价cost of mating 交配价cost of meiosis 减数分裂价courtship behavior 求偶行为coverage 盖度Cr =cryptophytes隐芽植物Crop productivity potential 作物生产潜力crude density 原始密度cryptophytes 隐芽植物Decomposer 分解者decomposition 分解作用delayed density dependence 延后密度制约density-dependent 密度制约density effect 密度效应density-independent 非密度制约density ratio 密度比Desertification 土地沙漠化deterministic model 决定模型detrial food chain 碎食物链(食碎生物食物链)detritus feeder 食碎生物Detritus food chain 腐食食物链development 发育diagrammatic life table 图解式生命表diapause 滞育differential species 区别种diffuse competition 分散竞争diominant-submissive 支配从属directional selection 定向选择discrete generation 离散世代disruptive selection 分裂选择disturbance climax/disclimax 偏途顶级divergent oscillation 趋异波动dominance 优势度dominant species 建群种dominant-submissive 支配从属关系dry desert 干荒漠dynamic classification 动态分类系统dynamic-composite life table 动态混合生命表dynamic life table 动态生命表earth nucleus 地幔earths crust 地核Eco-economical zoning 生态经济区位Ecological agriculture 生态农业Ecological agriculture model =(pattern)生态农业模式Ecological amplitude 生态幅Ecological density 生态密度ecological density 生态密度ecological dominance 生态优势Ecological effect 生态效益Ecological efficiency 生态效率Ecological engineering 生态工程ecological environment 生态环境ecological equivalent 生态等值种Ecological factor 生态因子ecological factor 生态因子ecological force 生态力ecological invasion 生态入侵ecological natality 生态出生率Ecological pyramid 生态金字塔（生态锥体）ecological release 生态释放Ecological succession 演替Ecological sustainability 生态持续性Ecology 生态学Economic effect 经济效益Economic externality 经济外部性Ecosystem 生态系统ecosystem 生态系统ecosystem development 生态系统的发育Ecosystem ecology 生态系统生态学Ecotone 群落交错区（生态交错区）ecotone hypothesis 生态交错带假说Ecotope 景观元素（生态点）Ecotype 生态型ecotype 生态型ectotherm 外温动物Edge effect 边缘效应edge effect 边缘效应eitolation phenomenon 黄化现象Embodied energy 内含能Emergent property of system 系统的整合特性emergy 能值emigration 迁出endogenous migration 内因性迁移endotherm 内温动物Energy 能值Energy analysis 能流分析Energy flow chart 能流图Energy flowing 能量流Energy flow path 能流路径Energy flow structure 能流结构Entropy 熵environment 环境environment hormone 环境激素equilibrium theory 平衡理论euphotic zone 透光带euryecious 广栖的euryhaline 广盐性的euryhydric 广水性的euryphagic 广食性的eurythermal 广温性的eurytopic species 广适种Eutrophication 富营养化eutrophication 富营养化evergreen hardwood forest 常绿硬材林Evolution ecology 进化生态学evolution force 进化力exogenous migration 外因性迁移exploitive competition 利用竞争Exponential growth form 种群指数增长模式exponetial growth 指数增长External benefit 收益外泄External cost 成本外摊facultative 兼性因素facultative parthenogenesis 孤雌生殖family selection 家庭选择farmland ecosystem 农田生态系统fecundity 生育力fecundity schedule 生育力表feedback 反馈Feed back 反馈作用feeding niches 取食生态位filter food 滤食性生物fine grained 细粒性分布finite rate of increase 周限增长率First law of resources economic 资源经济学第一定律First law of thermodynamics 热力学第一定律Fish pond-dike system 基塘系统fitness 合适度floristic-structural classification 植物区系结构分类系统Flow 流fluctuation 波动Food chain 食物链food chain 食物链Food chain structure 食物链结构Food web 食物网formation 群系formation group 群系组foundational niche 基础生态龛Free energy 自由能freshwater ecology 淡水生态学freshwater ecosystem 淡水生态系统Functional component adundence 功能组分冗余function response 功能反应G =geophytes地下芽植物gamete selection 配子选择gaps 缺口gaseous cycle 气体循环geng pool 基因库geographical theory of speciation 物种形成geographic variation 地理变异geometric growth 几何级数增长geophytes =(G)地下芽植物global ecology 全球生态GP =net primary production,净初级生产力gradient hypothesis 梯度假说grain 粒性grazer 牧食生物grazing food chain 捕食食物链greenhouse effect 温室效应gregarization pheromone 聚集信息素gross primary production 总初级生产力group selection 群体选择,类群选择growth form 生长型guild 同资源团habal zone 深渊带habitat 生境He =hemicryptophytes,地面芽植物heath 石楠群丛height 高度hemicryptophytes =(He)地面芽植物herbivore 植食herbivores 植食动物heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophs 异养生物hibernation 冬眠homeostasis 内稳态，自调节稳态。homeostatic organism 内稳态生物homeostatic process 内稳定过程human demography 人口统计学Human ecology 人类生态学humus 腐殖质hydrarch succession 水生演替hydrosere 水生演替系列immigration 迁入importance value 重要值individual converse rate 个体转化率industrial melanism 工业黑化现象inner capacity increase 内禀增长力inner-environment 内环境instantaneous rate of increase 瞬间增长率intensity 强度interference competition 干扰竞争intermediate disturbance hypothesis 中度干扰假说internal distribution pattern 内分布型interspecfic relationship 种间关系intertidal zone 潮间带intraspecific relationship 种内关系inversely density dependent 反密度制约Island ecology 岛屿生态学iteroparity 多次繁殖生物iteroparous 多次生殖Jordans rule 约丹定律keystone species 关键种kin selection 亲属选择k-strategists k-策略者land cover 土地覆盖Landscape ecology 景观生态学land use 土地利用LAS =leaf area index,叶面积指数law of constant final yield 最后产量衡值法则law of the minimum 最小因子法则law of tolerance 耐受性法则layer 层leached layer 淋溶层leaf area index （LAS），叶面积指数lentic ecosystem 静水生态系统life cycle 生活周期life expectancy 生命期望life form 生活型life form spectrum 生活型谱life history 生活史life history strategy 生活史对策lifespan 生活年限lifetime 寿命limit of tolerance 忍受性限度littoral zone 沿岸带lotic ecosystem 流水生态系统macroclimate 大气候macrofauna 大型生物Marine