情态动词表推测用法总结(整理稿).doc

精品文档补充强调：推测的句型特点（对某一次的推测句型有两部分：语气和时态）（1）语气部分：（以下情态动词语气由强至弱） 肯定句：must、may、might（=could） 否定句：cant（=couldnt）、maynt、mightnt 疑问句：can、could（语气更加委婉不确定）（2）时态部分： be表示对现在的推测 have done表示对过去的推测 be doing表示对正在进行的推测u 语气部分写在前时态部分写在后，组合在一起就是推测（一）情态动词表推测的三种句式 能用于表推测的情态动词：must, can, could, will, would, may, might, should, ought to1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定)，may（可能），might / could（也许，或许）。 （1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question? 他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案。 （2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. 屋里很冷，他们肯定把暖气关了。 2.否定句中用cant / couldnt(不可能), may not/might not(可能不)。 （1）It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone to America. 这不可能是校长，他去美国了。 （2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家。 3.疑问句中用can/could (能?)。 （1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗？ （2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗？ 注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的。Might, could并非may, can的过去式，而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小。 （二）情态动词表推测的三种时态 1.对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到。 （2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone. 她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人。 2.对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词 + be”，“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”。 （1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now. 他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机。 （2）He cant ( couldnt ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time. 这个时候他不可能/可能不在家。 （3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ? 布什先生一向准时，这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢？ 3.对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”。 （1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet. 地湿了，昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了。 （2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home . 门锁着，他不可能/可能不在家。 （3）Can / Could he have gotten the book？ 难道他找到书了吗？ 注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时，意为“想必会，理应”但与“have +过去分词”连用时，则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”。例如： （4）Its seven oclock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment. 现在七点钟了，杰克理应随时到达。（推测） （5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的，可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈。 （6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟） 汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密，可是他并无恶意。u （三）几组表推测的情态动词用法“情态动词完成时”是历年高考的热点，在做此类练习时，既需要掌握这一结构的基本用法，又应该仔细体会题干所提供的语言信息，准确理解语言环境和说话人的含义，尤其要注意题干中时态给予的暗示。1.must have done 表示对已经发生的事情的推测，意为“一定，想必”, 句子中表示的是一种肯定的推测。这种结构一般只用于肯定句，其否定形式是cant （couldnt）have done ，表示“不可能，肯定不会”。例如：He didnt hear the phone . He must have been asleep. 他没有听到电话响，他肯定是已经睡着了。He must have been to Shanghai. 他一定去过上海。They cant have gone out , because the light is on . 他们不可能出去，因为灯亮着。2. can（could）have done表示对过去的时间内可能发生的事情的猜测，can have done 一般只用于否定句和疑问句。could have done 还可以用于肯定句，常用来表示本来可能完成而实际未完成的动作。例如：He cant have finished the work so soon. 这项工作他不可能完成得这样快。We could have walked to the station , it was so near . 我们本来是可以走到车站去的，路很近。3. may（might）have done （1）表示对已经发生的事情的不太肯定的推测，意为“可能已经，或许已经”。（2）虚拟用法表示本可以做，但却没做（表示很委屈地责备）If we had taken the other road , we might have arrived earlier. 如果我们选择另一条路，我们可能会到得早一些。He might have given you more help, he was very busy. 他本来是可以给你更多帮助的，尽管他很忙。4. neednt have done 指实际上做了本来不必要做的事，意为“本来不必”。例如：There was plenty of time . She neednt have hurried. 时间很充裕，她本不必匆忙。You neednt have told him the news. 他本来不必把这个消息告诉他。5. should （ought to ）have done 指本该做而实际未做的事，意为“本来应该”。其否定式shouldnt（oughtnt）have done 则表示某种行为不该发生但却发生了。例如：You should have started earlier , but you didnt. 你本应该早一点出发，但是你没有。You ought to have helped him （but you didnt ）. 你本应该帮助他。We shouldnt have waited for her because she never came. 我们本不应该等她，因为她根本不会来。6.Would have done 本想做（却没做）wouldnt have done 本不想做（却做了）I would have helped you, but I was too busy.我本想帮你，但我太忙了1. I stayed at a hotel in New York.Oh, did you ? You _ with Barbara.A. could have stayed B. could stay C. would say D. must have stayed2. Why didnt you tell me there was no meeting today ? I _ all the way here through the heavy snow.A. neednt have driven B. cant have drivenC. mustnt have driven D. shouldnt have driven3. I was really anxious about you. You _ home without a word.A. mustnt leave B. shouldnt have leftC. couldnt have left D. neednt leave4 A：Is John coming by train ?B：He should, but he _ not. He likes driving his car.A. must B. can C. need D. may5. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up.A. should have arrived B. should arriveC. should have had arrived D. should be arriving6. Sorry, Im late. I _ have turned off the alarm and gone to sleep again.A. might B. should C. can D. will7. You _ be tiredYouve only been working for an hour.A. must not B. wont C. cant D. may not8. I didnt go to work yesterday afternoon because my car broke down.You _ mine. I wasnt using it.A. might borrow B. could have borrowedC. can have borrowed D. ought to borrow9. A man answered the phone. I suppose it was her husband.It _ her husband. He has been dead for ages.A. mustnt be B. couldnt have beenC. may not have been D. mustnt have been1) 选择填空1. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spokenC. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken2. One ought _ for what one hasnt done. A. not to be punished B. to not be punishedC. to not punished D. not be punished3. If you really want yourself to be in good health, you must _ always _ so much. A. not; be smoking B. not; have smoked C. not; to smoke D. be not; smoking4. With so much work on hand, you _ to see the game last night. A. mustnt go B. shouldnt go C. couldnt have gone D. shouldnt have gone5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They say that it _ better organized. A. had been B. had to be C. must have been D. could have been6. Im surprised that he _ in the exam. A. should fail B. would have failed C. may have failed D. should have failed7. The little girl _ there alone. A. not dare go B. dares not go C. dare not go D. dare not to go8. “Must we do it now?” “No, you _.” A. wont B. neednt C. cant D. dont9. He said he would rather not _ it right now. A. doing B. to do C. do D. to be doing10. You _ to the meeting this afternoon if you have something important to do. A. neednt to come B. dont need come C. dont need coming D. neednt come11. Put on more clothes. You _ be feeling cold with only a shirt on. A. can B. could C. would D. must12. I _ play football than baseball. A. would rather B. had better C. like better D. prefer13. I thought you _ like something to read, so I have brought you some books. A. may B. might C. could D. must14. There was plenty of times. She _. A. mustnt have hurried B. couldnt have hurried C. must not hurry D. neednt have hurried15. The plant is dead. I _ it more water. A. will give B. would have given C. must give D. should have given16. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not17. Its still early, you _. A. mustnt hurry B. wouldnt hurry C. may not hurry D. dont have to hurry18. Please open the window, _? A. cant you B. arent you C. do you D. will you19. We _ for her because she never came. A. mustnt have waited B. shouldnt have waited C. mustnt wait D. neednt wait20. May I stop here? No, you _. A. mustnt B. might not C. neednt D. wont21. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing, _. A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we22. I didnt see her in the meeting room this morning. She _ at the meeting. A. mustnt have spoken B. shouldnt have spoken C. neednt have spoken D. couldnt have spoken23. Please dont make a noise. _. Ill be as quiet as a mouse. A. Yes, I wont B. No, I wont C. No, I will D. Yes, I will24. The young man has made so much noise that he _ not have been allowed to attend the concert. A. could B. must C. would D. should25. Where is John? He _ in the library. A. should be B. must be C. can be D. must have been26. Since the road is wet this morning, _ last night. A. it must rain B. it must be raining C. it must have rained D. it must have been rain27. Will your brother stay home tonight? Im not quite sure. He _ to the cinema tonight. A. must go B. can go C. may go D. may be going28. Shes already two hours late. What _ to her? A. can have happened B. may have happened C. should have happened D. must happen29. You must be a writer, _? A. mustnt you B. are you C. must you D. arent you30. I got up early that morning, but I _ so because I had no work to do. A. mustnt have done B. didnt need to do C. neednt have done D. cant have done31. He _ have come here yesterday, but he didnt. A. could B. should C. ought to D. all the above32. I missed the last bus, so I _ go home on foot. A. must B. have to C. may D. had to33. He ought to win the first prize, _ he? A. oughtnt B. shouldnt C. mustnt D. both A and B34. Everyone _ do his best for the modernizations of our country. A. can B. may C. should D. might35. Lets clean our classroom, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you36. Let us play basketball, _? A. will you B. dont we C. shall we D. do you37. He asked me for this book many times. Please tell him that he _ have it tomorrow. A. must B. may C. shall D. both B and C38. “Your phone number again? I _ quite catch it.” “Its 9568442.” A. didnt B. couldnt C. dont D. cant39. Mother _ us stories when we were children. A. was used to tell B. is used to telling C. used to tell D. used to telling40. She would rather _ more money on books _ on clothes. A. cost not B. to spare dont C. pay than D. spend than1. You _ return the book now. You can keep it till next week if you like. A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. may not2. Where is my pen? I _ it. A. might lose B. would have lost C. should have lost D. must have lost3. I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see4. I didnt hear the phone. I _ asleep. A. must be B. must have been C. should be D. should have been5. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented6. He _ you more help, even though he was very busy. A. might have given B. might have C. may have given D. may give7. If it _ for the snow, we _ the mountain yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb8. Without electricity human life _ quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be9. A computer _ think for itself, it must be told what to do. A. cant B. couldnt C. may not D. might not10. Jenny _ have kept her word. I wonder why she changed her mind. A. must B. should C. need D. would11. We _ last night, but we went to the concert instead. A. must have studied B. might study C. should have studied D. would study12. Could I borrow your dictionary? Yes, of course you _. A. might B. will C. can D. should13. Tom ought not to _ me your secret, but he meant no harm. A. have told B. tell C. be telling D. having told14. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken15. Peter _ come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet. A. must B. may C. can D. will16. I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _ for her. A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written it out D. ought to write it out17. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come18. Shall I tell John about it? No, you _. Ive told him already. A. neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt19. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken20. Its nearly seven oclock. Jack