短语动词归纳.doc

（一）定义:英语中有些动词可以和一些别的词构成短语，表达一个概念，这种形式的组合，我们称为短语动词（二）构成:1.“动词+副词”，如果后面接代词作宾语时，只能放在动词和副词之间；如果接名词，可以放在动词和副词之间，也可以放在它们的后面。（1）副词为upput up举起 look up抬起头/查阅 hold up举起/延误 keep up坚持 add up 加起来 take up拿起，从事 figure up计算 fix up修理,整理build up树立 set up建立 drink up喝干 eat up吃光 burn up烧光 use up用光 sum up总结 break up结束，拆开cut up切碎 blow up炸毁 tear up撕碎 give up放弃 pick up捡起/搭便车/接人/接收 turn up调大/出现 speak up大声说 speed up加速 show up出现 cheer up振作起来 bring up抚育check up核对 clear up清理;转晴 do up整理 make up化妆,和解,弥补 shut up关闭 (2)副词为downhand down传下来 knock down撞倒 lay down放下 let down放下/辜负/让失望pour down倾盆而下 set down放下 turn down关小,拒绝 take down取下 blow down吹倒 bring down打垮;降低 lie down躺下 die down变弱,逐渐停止go down平静下来 slow down慢下来 burn down烧掉 lose down关闭 break down坏掉 settle down平静下来 put down镇压 write down写下take down记下/拆卸put down记下 get down下来/使沮丧fall down 跌倒/落(3)副词为oncarry on继续 hold on抓住/不挂断 keep on继续 walk on继续走go on继续 insist on坚持 turn on打开 put on穿上/上演 try on试穿 take on呈现 rely on依靠 depend on依靠;随而定 pass on传递 get on上车 hand on传送 work on从事call on拜访 live on 以为生 feed on 以为食(4)副词为offblow off吹掉 drive off 击退 get off下车,动身 set off 动身 see off送行 take off起飞,脱 give off发出 carry off走 cut off 切断 tear off 扯掉 come off 脱落 fall off 脱落/落下 turn off关掉 shut off关掉 go off走开，爆炸 break off中断 pay off付清(5)副词为inbreak in闯入;插嘴 drop in偶然拜访 step in走进 cut in插嘴 draw in(火车)进站 check in签到 count in记入 fill in填入 hand in交上 take in吸收(6)副词为outkeep out使在外 take out拿出 put out放出,伸出,扑灭 look out向外看/注意move out搬出 point out指出 pour out诉说 pull out拉出 stick out伸出 spit out吐出 drive out驾车外出 see out送出门去let out放出,释放 clear out清除 run out用完 use out耗尽 give out耗尽 wipe out消灭 die out灭绝 blow out吹熄 carry out完成,执行leave out省去 come out出版开花,长出 sell out卖完 wear out磨损 shout out喊,申斥 speak out说出 read out读出give out分发 spread out传开 set out出发 hand out分发 send out发送 break out爆发,逃脱 find out找出 figure out算出,解决make out弄清 bring out出版,说出,拿出 work out算出,解决(7)副词为overknock over撞倒 turn over翻转 look over从上面看,调查 think over仔细考虑 see over查看 talk over商量 go over复习 hand over移交 take over接管 come over过来 win over争取过来 cry over因哭(8)副词为awaygo away走开 run away跑开 walk away走开 ride away开走move away移开 take away拿走 carry away运走 put away收起来 keep away不准接近 die away逐渐消失 pass away去世 wash away冲走 wipe away擦掉2.“动词+介词”,其后可以跟名词、代词、动名词等。(1)介词为atarrive at/in到达 call at访问 laugh at嘲笑 look at看 work at努力于 catch at当场抓住 fire at向开火 shoot at向射击 glare at怒目而视 stare at注视着 knock at敲击 smile at向微笑pull at拉扯 drop in at顺便参观某地 point at 指向/指着(2)介词为 aboutargue about争论 ask about询问 bring about引起/带来 chat about闲聊 care about在意 complain about抱怨 go about着手 hear about听说inquire about打听 know about了解 quarrel about争吵 set about开始 talk about谈论 think about考虑 worry about担心 (3)介词为for search for 搜查 go in for参加answer for为负责 ask for向要,索取 call for要求,需要 fight for为而战,争取 leave for奔赴/前往 long for渴望 look for寻找 make for向去 pay for 为付钱prepare for为作准备 send for派人去请 thanks for因感谢 wait for等待 work for为工作 (4)介词为ofconsist of由组成 convince sb. of sth使相信 cure sb.of治好 hear of听说 know of了解到 be made of用做的 remind sb. of提醒 rob sb. of sth抢夺 speak of说到 talk of谈到 take care of照顾 think of考虑,想到 warn sb. of告诫(5)介词为withagree with同意某人的意见 begin/end with从开始/结束compare with与相比deal with处理,应付 do with处理 help sb.with帮助 provide sb.with向提供 share with与分享 talk with和交谈keep in touch with 保持与联系 end up with 以而告终 come up with追上；想出（主意）；找出（答案） get on/ along with与相处 go on with继续keep/ catch up with赶上（超过）make friends with与交朋友be connected with与相联系(6)介词为frombenefit from受益于 die from死于 hear from收到的来信 keep/stop/prevent sb. from 阻止 learn from向学习,从了解到 separate from与分离(7)介词为intobreak into闯入 turn into变成 change into变成 burst into爆发 divide into分成 translate into译成 knock into撞到 run into偶然遇到 get into 进入、陷入3.“动词+副词+介词”catch up with追上,赶上 come down to归结起来(为) come up to达到 come up with想出,提出 date back to追溯到,从开始 do away with废除,消灭,get down to开始认真处理,对待 go in for参加 grow out of产自,从发展 live up to符合标准,不辜负 look down on看不起(某人) look forward to期望,盼望 look out for搜寻(某人或某物),试图得到(某物) look up to抬头看(某人或某物),尊重/敬仰(某人) put up with忍受,容忍 walk away fron从走开 add up to 总计为rule out of声明不参加 set out for动身去(某地)4.“动词+名词+介词”attach importance to重视 get rid of除掉,去掉,摆脱 lose sight of忽视,忘记,看不见 make fun of嘲弄,取笑make room for给让出空地方 pay attention to注意,关心 set fire to放火烧,点着了 take care of照顾,对付,处理 take hold of握住,控制住,吸引,对有影响力 take note of注意,留意 take part in参加,参与活动 do harm to伤害；对有害5.“be+形容词+介词” be friendly to对很友好 be close to靠近,接近 be harmful to对有危害 be similar to与相似 be used to sth./ / doing sth.习惯于 be useful to对有用 be filled with被填满 be satisfied with对感到满意 be busy with忙于做 be pleased with对感到高兴 be angry with sb.生某人的气 be strict with sb.对某人严格 be worried about对感到担心 be excited about对感到兴奋 be anxious about为担忧 be far from距离远 be different from与不同 be full of/be filled with充满 be proud of对自豪 be careful of当心,小心 be afraid of害怕 be short of短缺 be