北京市大兴区高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（8）.doc

北京市大兴区2016高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（8）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。all parents know that one of their most important tasks is to prepare their children for an independent life，but any parent can tell you that its hard to let go of your childrenthat balance between keeping your children safe and allowing them to learn from their own mistakes can be heartbreakingyears of experience means that parents often do know best，but on the other hand，the young，being less bound by tradition，are often more creative，more able to find new solutions to old problemsrevolutions are led by the young good teachers make the growth of critical （批判性的） thinking easier in their students，only to find that this can lead to a questioning of the teachers basic beliefsschools encourage parents to become involved，but are often embarrassed when parents have reservations about some of the educational methods being usedgovernments encourage unimportant groups to empower themselves in order to participate fully in the development processand they are often surprised when the new leaders of these groups turn around and attack the policies of that same governmentthe rebellions （叛逆的）young and the newly unimportant groups are important in social developmentthey are not necessarily representatives of those they want to represent or not realistic in their demands，but their voices must be heardgood parents know that just forbidding particular behaviors does not prevent their children from finding ways to engage in these forbidden activitiesindeed，sometimes the forbidden fruit is more inviting，just because it is not accepted by authorityparents must work with their children to educate them on the facts，know as much as possible about he lives of their children，provide a good example，encourage more wholesome activities but also support their children when they dont follow what is expected of thembut the most important point is that they also need to learn how to let go1by saying “revolutions are led by the young”，the author indicates that young people are more_aconventional bcreative crealistic dheartbreaking2from the second paragraph we know_athe voice of the rebellious young should be heard by the governmentbschools encourage parents to question their education methodscmovement is satisfied with the new leaders attack on the policiesd teachers basic beliefs should be questioned by students 3in order to educate children well，parents should_aforbid particular behaviors in their daily lifebknow as much as possible as their childrenceducate them with facts and expect much of themd know them well and set a good example to them4from the passage we can learn that the author prefers_afree parenting btraditional parentingcsmart parenting d critical parenting5what is the best title of the passage?ateaching methods for teachers and schoolsbparents tasks in childrens developmentcway of growth for the young groupsdletting go for childrens independent life【参考答案】1-5、badcd 【2013届广东省六校第二次联考】阅读理解leeds, englanda leeds university psychology professor is teaching a course to help dozens of britons forgive their enemies.the hate we hold within us is a cancer, professor ken hart said, adding that holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.more than 70 people have become members in harts first 20-week workshop in londona course he says is the first of its kind in the world.these are people who are sick and tired of living with a memory. they realize their bitterness is a poison they think they can pour out, but they end up drinking it themselves, said canadian- born hart.the students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.the course, ending in july, is expected to get rid of the cancer of hate in these people. people have lots of negative attitudes towards forgiveness, he said, people confuse forgiveness with forgetting. forgiveness means changing from a negative attitude to a positive one.hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.the main idea is to give you guidelines on how to look at various kinds of angers and how they affect you, and how to change your attitudes towards the person you are angry with, said norman claringbull, a senior expert on the forgiveness project.hart said he believes forgiveness is a skill that can be taught, as these people want to get free of the past.36. from this passage we know that_.a. high blood pressure and heart disease are caused by hateb. high blood pressure can only be cured by psychology professorsc. without hate, people will have less trouble connected with blood and heartd. people who suffer from blood pressure and heart disease must have many enemies【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。文章第二段“.holding in anger can lead to problems such as high blood pressure and heart disease.”说明心怀愤怒可能导致如高血压和心脏病之类的问题。所以没有仇恨，人们将有更少和血液心脏有关的麻烦。故选c。37. if you are angry with somebody, you should_.a. attend harts course b. never meet him or her any longerc. persuade him or her to have a positive talk with youd.treat him or her positively instead of negatively【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。通过文章第6段可知，如果你生某人的气，你应该以一种积极的态度去对待他（她），而不是消极的。38. in harts first 20- week workshop, people there can _.a. meet their enemiesb. change their attitudesc.enjoy the professors teachingd. learn how to quarrel with others【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。通观全文，我们可以看出人们在hart的工作室能够学会原谅，改变他们对仇恨的态度。故选b。39. if you are a member in harts workshop, youll_.a. meet in eight or ten groups b. get rid of the illness of cancerc.attend a gathering twice a month d. pour out everything stored in your mind【答案】c【解析】细节理解题。第五段“the students meet in groups of eight to ten for a two-hour workshop with an adviser every fortnight.”说明成员们每两周聚集一次，也就是一个月两次。40. the author wrote this passage in order to_.a. persuade britons to go to harts workshop b. tell us the news about harts workshopc. tell us how to run a workshop like harts d.help us to look at various kinds of angers【答案】b【解析】推理判断题。第三段“more than 70 people have become members in harts first 20-week workshop”和第七段“hart and his team have created instructions to provide the training needed.”都说明作者写这篇文章是为了告诉我们关于hart的工作室的消息。 【2013届广东省六校第二次联考】-dthe flag, the most common symbol of a nation in the modern world, is also one of the most ancient. with a clear symbolic meaning, the flag in the traditional form is still used today to mark buildings, ships and other vehicles related to a country.the national flag as we know it today is in no way a primitive artifact. it is, rather, the product of thousands of years development. historians believe that it had two major ancestors, of which the earlier served to show wind direction.early human beings used very fragile houses and boats. often strong winds would tear roofs from houses or cause high waves that endangered travelers. peoples food supplies were similarly vulnerable. even after they had learned how to plant grains, they still needed help from nature to ensure good harvests. therefore they feared and depended on the power of the wind, which could bring warmth from one direction and cold from another.using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods, such as watching the rising of smoke from a fire. the connection of the flag with heavenly power was therefore reasonable. early human societies began to fix long pieces of cloth to the tops of totems (图腾) before carrying them into battle. they believed that the power of the wind would be added to the good wishes of the gods and ancestors represented by the totems themselves.these flags developed very slowly into modern flags. the first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked. the king of china around 1000 b.c. was known to have a white flag carried ahead of him. this practice might have been learned from egyptians even further in the past, but it was from china that it spread over trade routes through india, then across arab lands, and finally to europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.41. the best title for the passage would be “_”.a. development of the national flagb. power of the national flagc. types of flagsd. uses of flags【答案】a【解析】标题归纳题。“it is, rather, the product of thousands of years development.”说明国旗是几千年发展的产物。而且整片文章从旗帜最初用于表示风向，一直讲到它演变为现代的旗帜。所以本文说的是国旗的发展。故选a。42. the underlined word “vulnerable” in paragraph 3 means _.a. impossible to make sure ofb. likely to be protectedc. easy to be damagedd. difficult to find【答案】c【解析】词义猜测题。本段第一句“early human beings used very fragile houses and boats.”说早期人类使用非常易坏的的房屋和船只。而本句 “peoples food supplies were similarly vulnerable.” 中“similarly”意为“同样地”，所以vulnerable”也表示“易损坏”。故选c。43. the earliest flags were connected with heavenly power because _.a. they could tell direction b. they could bring good luck to ancient fightersc. they were handed down by the ancestorsd. they were believed to stand for natural forces【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。本段第一句“using a simple piece of cloth tied to the top of a post to tell the direction of the wind was more dependable than earlier methods,”“用一块布系到标杆顶部来判断风向比早期的办法更可靠。”因此，最早的旗帜与天的力量有关。故选d。44. what does the author know of the first national flag?a. he knows when it was sent to europe.b. he believes it was made in egypt.c. he thinks it came from china.d. he doubts where it started.【答案】d【解析】细节理解题。最后一段“the first known flag of a nation or a ruler was unmarked.。”说明第一个国家的旗帜未被标明，所以作者不知道第一面国旗是从哪儿诞生的。45. what will the author most probably talk about next?a. the role of china in the spread of the national flag.b. the second ancestor of the national flag.c. the use of modern flags in europe.d. the importance of modern flags.【答案】b【解析】推理判断题。结尾处“this practice might have been learned from egyptians even further in the past, but it was from china that it spread over trade routes through india, then across arab lands, and finally to europe, where it met up with the other ancestor of the national flag.”说明中国国王树立旗帜的做法遍及到了贸易行路，通过印度，穿过阿拉伯大陆，最终到达欧洲。在那与另一个国旗的原型结合。所以，接下来最可能讨论的是过国旗的第二个始祖。故选b。passage seventeen (a strong stock market) the increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the federal reserve board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market. naturally, such a move had a momentarily chilling effect upon prices but if the frb had been preoccupied with undue speculation, the increase might have been to the 80% or even 90% level. such an increases in the margin rate is a confirmation of a strong stock market and since 19,such increases have resulted in interim market highs over twelve months later. obviously, there could be no guarantee that this would once again be the case, but if history is any guidelineand if business and corporate earnings were to continue on the same coursecontinued optimism over the outlook for the stock market would seem more prudent than pessimism. the margin increase underscored the good rise that stocks had enjoyed for the previous yearand the fact that a 50% rate was maintained as long as it was pointed up the fact that the rise was mainly conservative in that it was concentrated in the blue chips for the most part. in past investment letters we have voiced the thought that speciality stocks could outperform the general market from this point. we continue to believe that this could be the case. for example, steel stocks tend to sell at certain fixed price/earnings ratios. below a certain ratio they are considered good valueabove a certain ratio, overpriced. if a company produces a unique product it is far more difficult for market analysis to place a numerical ratio upon the companys earnings. we have also contended in the past letters that the stock market reflects mass psychology as well as the business outlook. when investorsboth the public and the institutionsare nervous and pessimistic they definitely hesitate to buy stocks: they seek low price/earnings multiples and high yields. these same investorswhen they are in an optimistic frame of mindbecome for less preoccupied with yields and more wiling to pay a premium(high p/e multiples) for accelerated growth. if the publics attitude towards the auto industry is any measure, then this period seems to have been one of optimism.1. the title that best expresses the ideas of this passage is a. a time to sell stock. . a strong stock marketc. raising the margin rate c. price/earnings ratio in steel2. when investors are pessimistic what do they do?a. they look to the frb for help. . they buy steelc. they buy automobile stocks. d. they look for high yields.3. why does the writer believe that speciality stocks could outperform the general market?a. because analysis have difficulty in deciding upon a fixed price/earnings ratio. because the activity had been limited to blue chips.c. because the rise was conservative.d. because of the frb action.4. when investors are optimistic, what do they do?a. they look for accelerated growth. . they buy speciality stocks.c. they look for high yields. c. they are more prudent.vocabulary1. margin rate 保证金率，边际比率2. rampant 无约束力，猖獗的，蔓延的3. stem 遏制4. stem from 滋长，源自5. underpin 加强基础，支持6. underpinning 支持物，基础（建筑物下的）7. preoccupy 先占，使专心于，吸引住8. undue 过分的，非法的，不适当的9. interim 间歇；暂时的，间歇的10. guideline 方针，指导路线11. underscore 在下面划线，强调12. point up 加强，强调13. bluechip 兰筹股票14. blue-chip 兰筹的15. outperform 在使用上胜过16. overprice 将标价过高17. numerical ratio 数率，数字比率18. earnings 收益，利润，收入19. contend 竞争，坚决主张，争论20. premium 佣金，酬金难句译注1. the increase in the margin rate from 50% to 70% was not an attempt to stem any rampant speculation on the part of the publicactually the market seemed technically quite strong, with public participation essentially dignifiedbut rather an attempt by the federal reserve board to preserve the sound underpinnings that existed in the market.结构简析 是notbut句型，两个破折号中间是插入成分；中插入一个带with+n+participle 短语参考译文 保证金率从50%增长到70%，并不是想要遏制群众方面猖獗的投机，而是联邦储备委员会想要保持现存于股市强劲基础事实上股市由于群众