北京市大兴区高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（9）.doc

北京市大兴区2016高考英语 阅读理解专题训练（9）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。parents used to rely on physical punishments to control their childrens bad behavior, which has been proven to be very harmfultherefore, most parents now choose to simply yell, thinking that languageprobably wont hurt as muchbut is that really so? using harsh words such as lazy or stupid is just as harmful as hitting, according to a new study carried out at the university of pittsburgh, usit cannot reduce or correct their problem behavior, said professor ming - te wang, leader of the study, in an interview with the wall street journalon the contrary, it makes it worse in the study, which involved 976 two - parent families, researchers asked the kids about their behavior problems, while asking their parents how often they had yelled at them nearly half of the parents admitted that theyd shouted at their children in the past yearresearchers noted that the kids whose parents used more harsh words experienced more behavior problems after-wards, including fighting, stealing, lying as well as symptoms of depression adolescence is a very sensitive period when kids arc trying lo develop their self -identities（个性）when you yell, it makes them feel they are not capable, and that they are worthless and useless, wang saidthis may explain why so many parents say that no matter how loud they shout, their teenagers don t listen while harsh yelling can stop bad behavior in the moment, it doesn t teach children to be-have how parents want them to, according to professor alan kazdin of yale university, uswhat parents need is to praise their children for good behaviorif parents really need to punish their kids, they should try things like taking away smartphones and reminding them that good behavior will get them back after all, we want to teach kids, not hurt them, said kazdin1how do most parents react to their childrens misbehaving now? aletting them alonebbeating them cshouting at themdpraising them2the study finds that using harsh words acan make things even worsebinspires children to do betterccorrects childrens bad behaviordhas a better effect than hitting3according to professor ming - te wang, aphysical punishments are sometimes necessarybchildren are more self - centered in adolescencecparents should never punish kids for misbehavingdharsh yelling damages childrens self - confidence4in professor alan kazdins opinion, parents should aset good examples for their childrenbtake away their children s smartphonescpraise their children for good behaviordalways think in their childrens shoes5what does the underlined word them in the last paragraph refer to?achildren bbad behaviors cparents dsmartphones【参考答案】15、cadcd 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（a、b、c和d）中，选出最佳选项。【2013界广东省三模】dutch treat is a late-nineteenth-century term, and it originally refers to a dinner where everyone is expected to pay for his own share of the food and drink. if people go “dutch treat”, or simply “go dutch”, it means that they will share the expenses of a social engagement. there are many other “dutch” expressions in english, many of which were invented in britain in the seventeenth century, when the dutch and the english were commercial and military rivals. the british used “dutch” to refer to something bad, cheap and shameful. a “dutch bargain” at that time was an uneven, one-sided deal; “dutch reckoning” was an unitemized account; and “dutch widow” was slang for prostitute. later centuries brought in “dutch courage”, for bravery induced by drink; “dutch concert”, for discordant music; “dutch nightingale”, meaning a frog; and “double dutch”, for incomprehensible language, or unintelligible talk. some of the expressions are still in use today, but some are not. in fact, in american english, some “dutch” expressions have nothing to do with the dutch, but something with the german. it was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “dutch” and “deutsch” (the german word for german), when german immigrants came to america in the 1700s. for instance, “the pennsylvania dutch” refers to the german descendants, instead of the dutch descendants, living in pennsylvania. 56. many of the “dutch” expressions were invented with derogatory (贬义) sense, because . a. the dutch were underdeveloped people. b .britain and holland were competitors at that time. c. the dutch had many bad habits. d. the british were superior to the dutch. 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据when the dutch and the english were commercial and military rivals. 英国和荷兰进行商业和军事竞争，故选b。57. with the information you get from paragraph 2, make a guess at the meaning of the sentence “you are in dutch”. it probably means .a.you are in holland. b. you are welcome. c. you are in trouble. d. you are lucky.【答案】c【解析】句意猜测题。根据the british used “dutch” to refer to something bad and shameful.因为dutch指的是不好可耻的事情，所以这句应该理解为“你有麻烦了”，故选c。58. according to the passage, some native american “dutch” expressions were related to the german instead of the dutch, simply because .a. people hated the german as much as the dutch. b.people made a mistake at the beginning. c.people made a joke about the german.d.the german immigrants proclaimed that they were dutch. 【答案】b【解析】细节理解题。根据it was probably because of the similar spelling and pronunciation that people made a mistake in distinguishing between “dutch” and “deutsch” (the german word for german),是因为人们在开始时出现了错误，故选b。c22013山东卷 -ajimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago. he has a good heart, but always feared applying for a new job.one day, he gathered up all his strength and decided to attend a job interview.his appointment was at 10 am and it was already 8：30. while waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. obviously there was something wrong with the car. jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand. when jimmy finished working on the car，the old man asked him how much he should pay for the service. jimmy said there was no need to pay him; he just helped someone in need, and he had to rush for an interview. then the old man said，“well，i could take you to the office for your interview. its the least i could do. please, i insist.” jimmy agreed.upon arrival, jimmy found a long line of applicants waiting to be interviewed. jimmy still had some grease on him after the car repair, but he did not have much time to wash it off or have a change of shirt.one by one, the applicants left the interviewers office with disappointed looks on their faces. finally his name was called. the interviewer was sitting on a large chair facing the office window. rocking the chair back and forth, he asked, “do you really need to be interviewed？” jimmys heart sank.“with the way i look now, how could i possibly pass this interview？” he thought to himself.then the interviewer turned the chair and to jimmys surprise, it was the old man he helped earlier in the morning. it turned out he was the general manager of the company.“sorry i had to keep you waiting, but i was pretty sure i made the right decision to have you as part of our workforce before you even stepped into this office. i just know youd be a trustworthy worker. congratulations！” jimmy sat down and they shared a cup of welldeserved coffee as he landed himself a new job.56why did jimmy apply for a new job?a. he was out of work.bhe was bored with his job.che wanted a higher position. dhe hoped to find a better boss.57what did jimmy see on the way to the interview?aa friends car had a flat tyre. ba wild man was pushing a car.ca terrible car accident happened. dan old mans car broke down.58why did the old man offer jimmy a ride?ahe was also to be interviewed. bhe needed a travelling companion.che always helped people in need. dhe was thankful to jimmy.59how did jimmy feel on hearing the interviewers question?a. he was sorry for the other applicants.b. there was no hope for him to get the job.c. he regretted helping the old man.d. the interviewer was very rude.60what can we learn from jimmys experience?a. where theres a will, theres a way.b. a friend in need is a friend indeed.c. good is rewarded with good.d. two heads are better than one.【要点综述】 这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了吉米是个汽车修理工，几个月前丢掉了工作，他的心态很好，但是总是害怕申请新工作。一天，他在去面试等车的时候，看见一位老人的车坏了，吉米主动帮助老人修好了车，并且没要费用，老人为感谢吉米让他搭车去面试，恰巧面试的经理正是吉米帮助修车的老人，为此，吉米被录用。这个故事充分体现了这样的谚语：善有善报。56a考查细节理解。从第一段的第一句“jimmy is an automotive mechanic, but he lost his job a few months ago.”可知吉米失去了工作，下文提到吉米找工作面试的问题。故选a。57d考查细节理解。根据第二段的“while waiting for a bus to the office where he was supposed to be interviewed, he saw an elderly man wildly kicking the tyre of his car. obviously there was something wrong with the car. jimmy immediately went up to lend him a hand.”可知，吉米在路上遇到一位老人，这位老人的车出问题了。58d考查细节理解。根据第二段的“jimmy immediately went up to lend him a handjimmy said there was no need to pay him”和“its the least i could do.”可知，老人是为了感谢吉米的帮助，让吉米搭车去面试。59b考查细节理解。根据第三段的“jimmys heart sank. with the way i look now, how could i possibly pass this interview？ he thought to himself.”可知，吉米感到这份工作对他来说没有什么希望了。60c考查推理判断。从全文看，吉米在面试的路上帮助一位老人修车，这位老人正是吉米面试的经理，吉米就被录用了。这充分体现了这样的谚语：善有善报(good is rewarded with good.)。where theres a will, theres a way.有志者事竟成。a friend in need is a friend indeed.患难朋友才是真朋友。two heads are better than one.两人智慧胜一人。/人多智广。c22013陕西卷 -bin 1978, i was 18 and was working as a nurse in a small town about 270 km away from sydney, australia.i was looking forward to having five days off from duty.unfortunately, the only one train a day back to my home in sydney had already left.so i thought id hitch a ride (搭便车)i waited by the side of the highway for three hours but no one stopped for me.finally, a man walked over and introduced himself as gordon.he said that although he couldnt give me a lift, i should come back to his house for lunch.he noticed me standing for hours in the november heat and thought i must be hungry.i was doubtful as a young girl but he assured(使放心) me i was safe, and he also offered to help me find a lift home afterwards.when we arrived at his house, he made us sandwiches.after lunch, he helped me find a lift home.twentyfive years later, in 2003, while i was driving to a nearby town one day, i saw an elderly man standing in the glaring heat, trying to hitch a ride.i thought it was another chance to repay someone for the favour id been given decades earlier.i pulled over and picked him up.i made him comfortable on the back seat and offered him some water.after a few moments of small talk, the man said to me, “you havent changed a bit, even your red hair is still the same.”i couldnt remember where id met him.he then told me he was the man who had given me lunch and helped me find a lift all