简单的时态.doc

益人教育 第五讲 时态 姓名：_ 分数：_知识点一、一般现在时（一）、要点提示一般现在时主要用动词原形表示，但是当主语是第三人称单数或者单数名词时，动词的形式要发生变化，其变化规律是：1. 一般动词后加-s, 如：wears, reads, plays, likes, 2.以s, x, ch, sh结尾，后加-es, 如：watches, brushes, 3.以辅音字母+o结尾，一般加-es, 如：goes, does, 4.辅音字母+y结尾，变y为i，再加-es, 如：worries, carries. Be动词一般现在时的特殊形态是：am, is, are。Have的第三人称单数是has。（二）、用法指南一般现在时的用法1) 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。 时间状语：always总是, often经常,usually通常, seldom很少, never从不, sometimes有时（以上频度副词位置放于行为动词之前）, every每（放于句首或者句末均可） I leave home for school at 7 every morning.It often snows here.2) 表示现在的状态、特征、能力、性格等。 I know him very well. Ann Wang writes good English but does not speak well.3) 表示格言或警句中。 Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。Failure is the mother of success. 失败是成功之母。4) 表示客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China.（三）、 一般现在时态的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式肯定形式是用动词原形，be动词用am, is, are, 注：动词的第三人称单数形式的变化；否定形式是在be动词后加否定词not(缩写成isnt, arent, am与not不能缩写),或者添加助动词do/does加not再加动词原形(缩写成dont/doesnt). 疑问形式是把be动词或助动词do/does提置句首, 动词还原，句末问号，人称上第一人称变第二人称，第二人称变第一人称，第三人称不变。知识点二、一般将来时（一）、要点提示一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间状语连用（tomorrow, tomorrow morning, next week (year, term), in (two days), soon, the day after tomorrow等。（二）、用法指南一般将来时的结构及用法1) shall/will + 动词原形， shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替，will 用于各人称，表示未来的事实或对将来的预测。Which paragraph shall I read first.？Will you be at home at seven this evening?Students will use computers to learn.2)be going to +动词原形，表示打算，计划要做的事或根据有把握的判断要发生的事。 a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。What are you going to do tomorrow? b. 计划，安排要发生的事。 The play is going to be produced next month。 c. 有迹象要发生的事 Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.3)be to +动词原形，表示已作出的决定，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。 We are to discuss the report next Saturday.4)be about to +动词原形，表示即刻，马上要发生的动作。He is about to leave for Beijing. 注意：be about to 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。Be 动词的形式与主语保持一直。（三) 、某些将来时结构在用法上的区别 1）be going to 和 will用于条件句时，be going to表将来； will表意愿If you are going to make a journey, youd better get ready for it as soon as possible.Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.2）be to和be going to be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事；be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. (客观安排)Im going to play football tomorrow afternoon. (主观安排)（四）、一般将来时的肯定形式，否定形式及疑问形式 肯定形式正常语序，否定形式在be动词或will/shall后加not，疑问形式把be动词或shall/will提置句首。知识点三、一般过去时（一）、要点提示一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作，动词用过去式（即动词-ed形式）,动词过去式的变化规律：1 一般动词词尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e结尾的动词后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried, 4 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed, 如：stopped, stepped。以上是规则变化，还有一些动词的过去式是不规则变化，如：dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam等，参见初一下英语书后不规则动词表。（二）、用法指南一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year), (an hour) ago, in 1982, just now等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： a. It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。（三）、一般过去时的一些特殊用法1比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)2. 注意： 用过去时态表示现在含义，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if you could help me.2）情态动词 could, would.Cou ld you lend me your bike?（四）、一般过去时的肯定形式动词用过去式，否定形式用did+not+动词原形（did not缩写成didnt），疑问形式用Did +主语+动词原形+？知识点四、现在进行时（一）、要点提示现在进行时的结构：be (am, is, are) + 现在分词（即动词-ing形式）。动词现在分词的变化规律：1. 一般情况下，动词后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving, 3. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊变化，如：lielying.（二）、用法指南现在进行时的基本用法：1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。 We are waiting for you.2） 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3） 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4） 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.（三）、 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.（四）、现在进行时态的否定形式是在be后加not，疑问形式是把be动词提置句首。知识点五、过去进行时（一）、要点提示1.过去进行时的构成：由be的过去式（was/were）+ 现在分词（doing）构成，主要表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。其否定式在was/were加not缩写成wasnt/werent，疑问式把was/were提前。（二）、用法指南1.过去进行时表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作。这个动作或情况在这以前已经开始了，但还没完成或结束。This time last year I was living in New York.去年这个时候我住在纽约。What were you doing at 10 oclock last night ?昨天晚上10点钟你在干什么？2.过去进行时和一般过去时经常在同一个句子里使用，表示一个动作发生在另一个动作的进行中，状语从句往往由连词等引导。Tom burnt his hand when he was cooking the dinner. 汤姆在做饭时烫伤了手。While I was working in the garden, I hurt my back. 我在花园干活时，弄伤了后背。典型例题：1.（2008广州中考题）Her mother _to Beijing today and would be staying with her for two weeks.A. was flying B. flies C. has flown D. fly答案 A考点 动词形式(过去进行时)【解析】根据原文today判断是当天正在发生的事，全文用的是过去时态，因此用过去进行时。2.（2011广州中考题）Yesterday evening, I _ along the street when I suddenly met my maths teacher. A. walk B. walked C. was walking D. am walking答案 C考点 动词形式及时态（过去进行时）【解析】句意为“昨天傍晚，我遇见数学老师的时候，我正在街上走。句子中的连词when表示前后两个动作同时发生，因此用过去进行时。3.（2012广州中考题） Jenny _in the chicken when you called her at 5 oclock this afternoon? A. is cooking B. was cooking C. cooks D. cooked答案B考点 动词形式（过去进行时）【解析】句意“你昨天5点钟打电话过来的时候简妮正在厨房做菜。”为过去同时发生的动作，因此用过去完成时。4. （2013广州中考题）A: You look very nice in your new dress today. B:Oh really? I_ it when it was on sale.A. buy B. bought C. have bought D. will buy参考答案：B考点：动词的时态（一般过去时）解析：根据对话语境可知，“当这件衣服打折时我买了它”。应选用一般过去时。5. (2013广州中考题)Our rubbish kills animals and _ water and soil.A. pollutesB. pollutedC. pollutingD. is polluted参考答案：A考点：时态与语态解析：空格前的and表明句子前后结构对等，而前句用了动词第三人称单数的形式，为了保持结构的对等，空格处也需要用第三人称单数的形式，表示“我们的垃圾既杀害了动物也污染了水和土壤”。6.（2014广州中考题）Be quiet! The students _ a physics test in the next room. A. hadB. have hadC. were havingD. are having【答案】D【解析】考查现在进行时。”Be quiet” 可以看出说话者让人安静，那可以推测到其后所要说的便是学生正在在隔壁房间进行物理考试，时态需要用现在进行时。变式训练：一、选择正确的答案1.Wellgoonpicniciftheweather_finethisweekend. A.isB.wasC.willbeD.isgoingtobe2.Look!Someone_inthenextroom.A. dancedB.dancingC.isdancingD.hasdanced3.Ourteachertoldusthesun_biggerthantheearth.A.isB.wasC.areD.willbe4.Couldyoutellmewherethepostoffice_? A.wasB.isC.willbeD.are5.Imafraidyoucantsithere.-Sorry,I_notice.A.dontB.wontC.cantD.didnt6.Whenshe_themagazine,herdad_asleep.A.read,wasfallingB.wasreading,fellC.wasreading,wasfallingD.read,fell7.Jimisnotcomingtonight.-Buthe_!A.promises（许诺）B.promisedC.willpromiseD.waspromising8.Mary often_herdressesonweekends.A.washingB.washesC.haswashedD.wash9.ImaChinese.Where_from?A.doyoucomeB.youarecomingC.youcomeD.areyoucoming10.Tomandhisbrother_toschool.A.neverwalkB.areneverwalkingC.walkneverD.neverarewalking11.WewillstartassoonasourteacherMr.Smith_.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.iscoming12.It_hardwhenIleftmyhouse.A. israiningB.rainsC.wasrainingD.willrain13.Ithinkthisquestion_toanswer.A. easyB.iseasyC.waseasyD.willeasy14.Donttalksoloudly.Yourfather_.A. sleepsB.issleepingC.sleptD.hadslept15. Maths,oneofthemostimportantsubjects,_alwaysinterestedhim. A.hasB.haveC.areD.is16.LastweekJohn_hisleg.A.feltandbrokenB.fellandbrokeC.feelsandbreaksD.fallenandbroken17.Jack_histhickcoatbecauseitwassnowing.A.putsonB.putonC.takesonD.tookon18.He_thepictureonthewall.A.hangedB.hungC.hashangedD.washanged19.I_ Beijing last week. A.went to B. go to C. has gone to D. will go to 20.Nextmonth_twentyfive.A.hasmysisterB.mysisterwillbeC.mysistershallhaveD.mysisterwill be goingtobe21.You_heragaininafewweeks.A.willseeB.isgoingtoseeC.sawD.willbegoingtosee22.When_,Illtalktohim.A.doesPetercomeB.PeterwillcomeC.PetercomesD.canPetercome23.Mysister_toseeme.Shellbeheresoon.A.comesB.iscomingC.hadcomeD.came24.Theoldmansaidthatlight_fasterthansound.A.wentB.willgoC.travelsD.willtravel二、用动词的正确形式填空1.Heoften_(have)dinnerathome.2.Itisverycoldthesedays.It_（snow）soon.3TomandMary_(come)toChinalastmonth.4Mike_(notgo)tobeduntil12oclocklastnight.SoI_(get)uplate.5.We_(notwatch)TVlastMonday.6Mary_(read)Englishyesterdaymorning.7.-I_（get）youacopyoftodaysnewspaper?-Thankyou.8.Thegirl_(teach)usEnglishonSundays.9.IcantakeLiMingtherewhenhe_(come)tovisit.10.There_(be)somewaterinthebottle.11Whattime_you_(get)toBeijingyesterday?12.What_(make)himcry(哭)justnow?13.Lastyeartheteacher_(tell)usthattheearth_(move