情态动词在高考中况的推测.doc

情态动词在高考中一般用来考查考生是否能分清对过去、现在或将来情况的推测，以及表示推测时的语义差异。 典题精析1.Michael_be a policeman,for hes much too short.(上海1994)A.neednt B.cant C.should D.may这是对目前的情况进行推测，由for hes much too short可知Michael不是警察，选B。2.My sister met him at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon,so he_your lecture.(上海2000)A.couldnt have attended B.neednt have attendedC.mustnt have attendedD.shouldnt have attended从语义和时间状语yesterday afternoon可确定是在对过去的情况进行推测，选A。3.Are you coming to Jeffs party?Im not sure.I_go to the concert instead.(NMET 2000)A.must B.would C.should D.might这是在谈论将来的打算，对将来的推测。选D。4.Jack_yet,otherwise he would have telephoned me.(上海1997)A.mustnt have arrived B.shouldnt have arrived C.cant have arrived D.need not have arrivedMustnt在英国英语中通常只能表示“禁止，千万不要，肯定不”，而不能表示推测，Shouldnt表示“不该做”，cant表示“不可能”，need not表示“没必要”。选C。5.Peter_come with us tonight, but he isnt very sure yet.(NMET1993)A.can B.may C.will D.must在这四个选项中，表示可能性时，may的可能性最小，can略大，will又大些，意为“将会”must最大，意为“肯定”。选B。6.The new airport_if they had not stopped working on it.(上海1991)A.would complete B.had been completedC.had completedD.would have been completed这是虚拟语气，表示与过去的事实相反的推测。在这种虚拟句中，主句谓语动词用would/should have done形式，从句谓语动词用had done形式。选D。7.There was a lot of fun at yesterdays party. You_come, but why didnt you?(上海1999)A.must have B.should C.need have D.ought to have这是对过去的情况进行推测，选D。备考指南1、注意判明对何时的事件进行推测，并注意该动作当时是否进行，据此确定情态动词后的不定式应该使用的形式。2、根据事件发生的可能性的大小选择合适的情态动词。常见的表示推测的情态动词有表示“可能”的might,may,could,can；表示“很可能”的should,ought to,would,will和表示“肯定”的must;need,neednt意为“（没）必要”，ought(not)to表示“（不）应该”。具体用法举列1、表示对现在或将来情况的推测用“情态动词+动词原形或不定式的进行式”，后者多表示动作的进行性和短暂性。例如：They have a house in Shanghai and another in Beijing.So they must be rich.他们在上海有一幢房子，在北京也有一幢。他们一定很富有。He cant/couldnt be her father,hes too young.他不可能是她的父亲，他太年轻了。Can he be thinking of leaving school?也许他正想着要退学呢？Lets just knock on the door lightly.Tom may/might be sleeping right now.我们要轻轻地敲门，汤姆可能正在睡觉。In my opinion,she should be elected because she is honest,knowledgeable,and competent.在我看来，她诚实、见识广、能力强，应该当选。It would be about ten oclock when he left home.他离开家时大约有十点了。2、表示对过去情况的推测用“情态动词+不定式完成式”。（1）“must+不定式的完成式”表示对发生在过去的动作有把握的，肯定的推测，这一用法通常只见于肯定句。例如：Where is my pen?I must have lost it.我的钢笔呢？我一定是把它弄丢了。（2）“can+不定式的完成式”表示对过去行为的怀疑和不肯定。例如：What he said in the letter can have hurt her.他信中说的话可能已经伤了她的心。The manager isnt here.Where can he have gone?经理不在这儿，他能上哪儿去呢？“cant+不定式的完成式”表示对过去行为的否定推断，意为“不可能，决不会”，例如：He cant have finished his work so soon.他不可能这么快就完成了工作。（3）“could+不定式的完成式”表示与过去事实相反的推测，含有“其实、本来可以”之意。例如：Of course,he could have asked for help there.当然，他本来可以到那里去求助的。这种句式有时含有责备之意或表示遗憾。A few minutes earlier and we could have caught the train.早几分钟来我们就能赶上火车了。表示比can的可能性更小，语气更委婉的推测。He could have finished it.或许他已经做完了。（4）“may/might+不定式的完成式”表示的可能性最小。might比may可能性更小，语气更委婉，主要用于肯定句，可译为“或许”。例如：I think he may/might have gone to bed.我想他或许已上床睡觉了。might也可表示对听话人的委婉责备或庆幸等情感。You might have told me the news earlier.你本可以早点把消息告诉我。（5）“need+不定式的完成式”只用于否定句，表示做了本不该做的事，常含有责备的意味。例如：You neednt have written to her yesterday.昨天你本不必给她写信。（6）“should/ought to+不定式的完成式”表示没做本该做的事，其否定式表示做了不该做的事，含有责备的意味。例如：The plant is dead,Ishould have given it more water.那树死了，我本该多给它浇点水。You shouldnt have left so early.你本不该那么早走（可你走了）。She ought not to have stopped her work halfway.她不该半途停止工作（可她停止了）（7）“would+不定式的完成式”的推测用法用于虚拟语气中。例如：If you had taken my advice,you wouldnt have failed in the examination.如果你听我的建议，就不会不及格了。注意：就“可能性”提出疑问时，用might/could/can，不能用may。Might/Could/Can this be true?那可是真的吗？Might/Could he know the answer?他可知道答案吗？活学活用：试用名师招数做下列练习1. Johnny,you_play with the knife.You_hurt yourself. A.wont;cant B.mustnt;may C.shouldnt;must D.cant;shouldnt 2. Dont worry.The news_be true. A.may not B.shant C.mustnt D.neednt 3. I didnt hear the phone.I_asleep. A.must be B.must have been C.should be D.should have been 4. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well.-It_a comfortable journey. A.cant be B.shouldnt be C.mustnt have been D.couldt have been 5. He_you more help,even though he was very busy. A.might have given B.might give C.may have given D.may give 6. There was plenty of time.She_. A.mustnt have hurried B.neednt have hurriedC.must not hurry D.couldnt have hurried 7. Tom ought not to_me your secret,but he meant no harm. A.have told B.tell C.be telling D.havent told 8. I told Sally how to get there,but perhaps I_for her. A.had to write it out B.must have written it outC.should have written it out D.ought to write it out 9. If you had worked harder,you_. A.would succeedB.had scceededC.should succeed D.would have succeeded 10. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York.-Oh,did you?You_with Barbara. A.could have stayed B.could stay C.would stay D.must have stayed 11. Sorry Im late.I_have turned off the alarm and gone back to sleep again. A.might B.should C.can D.will 12. I didnt see her in the meeting-room this morning.She_at the meeting. A.mustnt have spoken B.shouldnt have spokenC.neednt have spoken D.couldnt have spoken 13. That young man has ma