新概念第一册笔记.doc

Lesson 1 Excuse me!词汇(11)excuse v. 原谅me pron. 我（宾格）yes adv. 是的is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数this pron. 这your possessive adjective 你的，你们的handbag n.（女用）手提包pardon int. 原谅，请再说一遍it pron. 它thank you 感谢你（们）very much 非常地Excuse me. 1、引起对方注意时2、常用于与陌生人搭话，打断别人的说话或从别人身边挤过，或在某个聚会中突然中途要离开一会儿时Excuse us for a moment. 对不起，让我们单独聊会。sorry 对不起，用于对别人有伤害时me pron. 我（宾格）人称代词：主格宾格形容词性物主代词名词性物主代词Imemyminehehimhishissheherherhersitititsitsyouyouyouryours主格：用在句首，作主语宾格：在动词、介词之后形容词性的物主代词：不能单独使用名词性物主代词：只能单独使用is v. be动词现在时第三人称单数be动词：am、is、areI amshe/ he/ it isyou/ we/ they arepardon int. 原谅，请再说一遍Pardon?/ I beg your pardon. 请求对方把刚才讲过的话重复一遍。语法含有be动词的陈述句、否定句和一般疑问句含有be动词的任何句子,否定句就是在be动词后面加not；如果变一般疑问句，就把be动词提前到句子的前面。课文Excuse me.Yes?Is this your handbag?Pardon?Is this your handbag?Yes, it is.Thank you very much.Lesson 2 Is this your?词汇(10)pen n.钢笔pencil n.铅笔book n.书watch n.手表coat n.上衣，外衣dress n.连衣裙skirt n.裙子shirt n.衬衣car n.小汽车house n.房子dress n. 连衣裙；套裙 n. 服装，衣服casual dress 便服evening dress 晚礼服house n.房子house 房子，一般指独立的院落，更具体的指房子的建筑，结构family 侧重家庭的成员There are four people in my family. 在我家里有四口人。home 抽象的家的概念home road 我的父亲母亲Lesson 3 Sorry, sir.词汇(10)umbrella n.伞please int.请here adv.这里my possessive adjective 我的ticket n.票number n.号码five num.五sorry adj.对不起的sir n.先生cloakroom n.衣帽存放处here adv.这里地点副词：（在英语中，时间副词、地点副词的前面不能加介词）here 这里there 那儿home 家（副词，名词）abroad 国外downstairs 楼底下upstairs 楼上downtown 市中心five num.五one，two，three，four，five，sir，seven，eight，nine，tensir n.先生 对不相识的男子、年长者或上级的尊称What can I do for you, sir? 先生，您要买什么？ sir通常用于正式信函开头的称呼：Dear Sir Sir可用于有爵士称号者的名字或姓名前，但不用于姓氏前。madam：女士，夫人Mr.：先生Mrs.：夫人（已婚的）Miss：小姐，一般用于指末婚女子，不过在不知道对方是否已婚时也可使用（两种发音：mis 已婚未婚均可；miz即不愿意被称为已婚，又不愿意被称为未婚）mister：加在男性的姓氏前面gentleman 绅士，对男性比较有礼貌的称呼，在公众场合最得体的称呼lady 女士ladies and gentlemen Lady first. guy 在美国英语中对男性一种不正式的称呼，家伙boy 在美语中不正式的称呼 girl 女孩male 男性female女性man 男人 woman 妇女语法祈使句：祈使句：主语通常不直接表示出来，其谓语动词用原型，也叫无主句。表示命令、请求、建议、叮嘱等。祈使句真正的主语是你，但省略了。My umbrella and my coat please. 省略了动词和间接宾语的祈使句。Keep off the grass! 请勿践踏草地！Help yourself! 请自己动手！某些祈使动词可以后跟and和另一个祈使动词，而不是后跟带to的动词不定式结构。Come and see this goldfish.Go and buy yourself a new pair of shoes.去给自己买双新鞋吧。Wait and see. 等着瞧吧。倒装句：here is 是简单的倒装句，be 动词放在 here 的后面，这个句式就可以成为简单的倒装句式。My ticket is here. 我的票在这。Here is my ticket. / Heres my ticket.课文My coat and my umbrella please.Here is my ticket.Thank you, sir.Number five.Heres your umbrella and your coat.This is not my umbrella.Sorry, sir.Is this your umbrella?No, it isnt.Is this it?Yes, it is.Thank you very much.Lesson 4 Is this your?词汇(5)suit n.一套衣服school n.学校teacher n.老师son n.儿子daughter n.女儿Lesson 5 Nice to meet you.词汇(14)Mr. 先生good adj.好morning n.早晨Miss 小姐new adj.新的student n.学生French adj.&n.法国人German adj.&n.德国人nice adj.美好的meet v.遇见Japanese adj.&n.日本人Korean adj.&n.韩国人Chinese adj&n.中国人too adv.也nice adj.美好的 adj. 美好的，好看的Its a nice day today, isnt it? adj. 和蔼的，友好的He is very nice to his neighbours. adj. 使人高兴的，令人愉快的It is so nice to have you here.语法冠词：冠词数量上表示“一个”。冠词一共有三个，分为不定冠词和定冠词。1、a, an 是不定冠词：可数名词单数前面必须要用不定冠词a 用在以辅音音素开头的名词前面， an 用于以元音音素（元音发音的单词）开头的名词前面a pen an apple an umbrella an egg an hour a university 2、the 是定冠词，表示特指，有两种发音：TE、Ti:，以元音发音开头的单词前面读Ti:。当想使听话者特别注意the后面的名词时，the就读为Ti:，意思是“这一个而且只是这一个”或“主要是这一个”。定冠词的用法： 特指名词（即以说话人或听话人已知的人或物为前提）时，用the There is an apple on the desk. The apple is mine.Well, there is a girl in front of the classroom. The girl is my sister. 在专有特殊名词时，用thethe Great Wall，the Summer Palace，the Forbidden City（紫禁城），the sun 在国家前不用冠词，特例国家除外the United States of America课文MR. BLAKE: Good morning.STUDENTS: Good morning, Mr. Blake.MR. BLAKE: This is Miss Sophie Dupont. Sophie is a new student. She is French.MR. BLAKE: Sophie, this is Hans. He is German.HANS: Nice to meet you.MR. BLAKE: And this is Naoko. Shes Japanese.NAOKO: Nice to meet you.MR. BLAKE: And this is Chang-woo. Hes Korean.CHANG-WOO:Nice to meet you.MR. BLAKE: And this is Luming. He is Chinese.LUMNG: Nice to meet you.MR. BLAKE: And this is Xiaohui. Shes Chinese, too.XIAOHUI: Nice to meet you.课文注释1、英语国家中的姓名通常由三部分组成：名+中间名+姓。一般不用中间姓，在熟人之间以名相称，正式场合用Mr.、Mrs.、Miss（小姐）或Ms.（女士）加姓相称。2、Nice to meet you.用于初次与同学、朋友见面等非正式的场合，一般回答Nice to meet you, too.正式场合常用How do you do?回答也是How do you do?Lesson 6 What make is it?词汇(13)make n.（产品）牌号Swedish adj.瑞典的English adj.英国的American adj.美国的Italian adj.意大利的Volvo 5vClvEJn.沃尔沃（Swedish）Peugeot n.标致（French）Mercedes 5mE:sidi:zn.梅赛德斯（German）Toyota n.丰田（Japanese）Daewoo n.大宇（Korean）Mini n.迷你（English）Ford n.福特（American）Fiat fiEt, 5fi:Atn.菲亚特（Italian）make n.（产品的）牌子；类型，型号；式样What make is your watch?Her dress is of Italian make. 她的连衣裙是意大利式的English adj. 英国（人）的；英格兰（人）的；英国化的John is very English. 约翰生活行事非常英国化。语法选择疑问句：选择疑问句：在两者或三者中进行选择，用特殊颖问词or进行连接。选择疑问句词调一般是前升后降，选择疑问句的回答必须要用完整的句子回答。Is she a Chinese teacher or a Japanese teacher?She isnt a Chinese teacher. Shes a Japanese teacher.Lesson 7 Are you a teacher?词汇（10）I pron. 我am v. be动词现在时的第一人称单数are v. be动词现在时复数name n. 名字what adj.& pron. 什么nationality n. 国籍job n. 工作keyboard n. 电脑键盘operator n. 操作人员engineer n. 工程师nationality n. 国籍nation n. 国家national adj. 国家的，民族的nationality n. 国籍person n. 人personal adj. 个人的personality n. 人品人格jobdVCb n. 工作 n. 职业，工作，有报酬的工作，既可以是体力的，也可以是脑力的What is your job? n. （一件）工作，话计The whole job takes about 40 minutes. n. 职责Its your job to be on time.work wE:k n. 工作，广义的概念，泛指的劳动working class 工人阶级keyboard n. 电脑键盘key ki: n. 钥匙board bC:d n. 木板blackboard n. 黑板operator n. 操作人员-or 字母组合，表示某种人 actor n. 男演员语法特殊疑问句：特殊疑问句=特殊疑问词+一般疑问句特殊疑问词：what、where 、who 、when、which、why 、whom、how、how many、how much、how long、how far、how often、how soonwhat可以用来询问名字、国籍、工作、颜色、型号等：What make is it? 它是什么牌子？What color is it? 它是什么颜色的？What nationality？What time is it?What size is this skirt?一般疑问句：Be动词+Do/Does/Did+Have/Has/Had+Can及情态动词（must、need、may）1、所有一般疑问句必须要用升调来读2、一般疑问句可以用简单的Yes/No来回答3、所有一般疑问句用什么来问的就用什么来答 课文ROBERT:I am a new student. My names Robert.SOPHIE:Nice to meet you. My names Sophie.ROBERT:Are you French?SOPHIE:Yes, I am.Are you French, too?ROBERT:No, I am not.SOPHIE:What nationality are you?ROBERT:Im Italian.Are you a teacher?SOPHIE:No, Im not.ROBERT:Whats your job?SOPHIE:Im a keyboard operator.Whats your job?ROBERT:Im an engineer.课文注解1、Are you French, too?too和either两个词都表示“也”的意思，too用于肯定句和疑问句中，either仅限用于否定句中。too和either一般放在句末，且前面通常用逗号隔开。2、Wha nationality are you?用于询问对方国藉，相当于Where are you from?或Where do you come from?3、Whats your job?询问对方从事何种职业也可以说：What do you do?Lesson 8 Whats your job?词汇（10）policemanpE5li:smEn n. 警察policewoman pEli:s9wJmEn n.女警察taxi driver5tAksi-5draivE n. 出租汽车司机air hostess ZE-5hEustEs n. 空中小姐postman 5pEJstmEn n. 邮递员nurse nE:s n. 护士mechanicmi5kAnik n. 机械师hairdresser 5heEdresE n. 理发师housewife 5haJswaif n. 家庭妇女milkman 5milkmEn n. 送牛奶的人nurse nE:s n. 护士 n. 护士；照料者 v. 照料；照看All her time goes into nursing her child.她把全部时间都花于照看自己的孩子上了。 v. 养护；培养nurse a young tree 养护树苗nurse an author of promise 培养有前途的作家Lesson 9 How are you today?词汇（9）hello int. 喂（表示问候）hi int. 喂，嗨how adv. 怎样today adv. 今天well adj. 身体好fine adj. 美好的thanks int. 谢谢goodbye int. 再见see v. 见how adv. 怎样How about that? 怎么会这样？那一个怎么样？How come?=Why? 为什么？How goes it? = How is it going? 事情进展如何？fine adj. 美好的 健康的；舒适的 极好的，优秀的a fine view 美好的景色 优雅的，雅致的He is a man with fine manners. 他是一个举止优雅的男人。see v. 见see 表示看见的结果look 表示看的动作look at sth. look out of the window look into my eyeswatch 观看移动的一些东西 watch TV语法How ?的一些社交上的用法：1、用于询问健康状况或一般生活情况：How are you? /How have you been? 你一向可好？2、How do you do ?是正式介绍中的一句套话，从不用来询问健康。3、How经常用在询问目前状况的疑问句里：Hows life? 生活如何？How are things? 情况怎样？Hows work? 工作怎么样？形容词的意义与作用：1、形容词修饰名词所指的人、物等，说明人、物等是什么样或看上去是什么样的。2、许多形容词可用以回答Whatslike？这样的问题，并可根据上下文给出笼统或确切的信息。Whats Tom like? Hes very fat.3、英语中形容词作定语时一般置于名词之前。课文STEVEN:Hello, Helen.HELEN: Hi, Steven.STEVEN:How are you today?HELEN: Im very well, thank you. And you?STEVEN:Im fine, thanks.How is Tony?HELEN: Hes fine, thanks. Hows Emma?STEVEN:Shes very well, too, Helen.Goodbye, Helen. Nice to see you.HELEN: Nice to see you, too, Steven. Goodbye.Lesson 10 Look at词汇（13）fat adj. 胖的woman n. 女人thin adj. 瘦的tall adj. 高的short adj. 矮的dirty adj. 脏的clean adj. 干净的hot adj. 热的cold adj. 冷的old adj. 老的young adj. 年轻的busy adj. 忙的lazy adj. 懒的look 看，瞧，观，望Look carefully before you cross the street.过马路前要仔细看清来往车辆。面向，朝向The room looks on the sea. 房间面向大海。Two windows look to the south. 两扇窗子朝南。Lesson 11 Is this your shirt?词汇（5）whose pron. 谁的blue adj. 蓝色的perhaps adv. 大概white adj. 白色的catch v. 抓住whose pron. 谁的whose（特殊疑问词）：用于询问所有关系。对形容词性物主代词、名词性物主代词、名词所有格的两种情况（形容词性和名词性）进行提问。blue adj. 蓝色的 蓝色的，蔚蓝的 沮丧的，忧郁的His mood is blue. 他的情绪低落。He looks a bit blue. 他看上去有点儿忧郁。catch v. 抓住 v. 接住，拦住 v. 逮住，捕获 catch a thief v. 染上（疾病）I have caught a bad cold. 我得了重感冒。语法所有格形容词和所有格代词：所有格形容词与所有格代词都表示所有，即某人或某物属于某一个人，回答以whose引导的问句。所有格形容词my、your等是限定词，必须始终放在名词之前，只能作定语，它们的形式取决于所有者，而不是被拥有的东西。所有格代词mine、yours等不能用在名词前，并且在说话时要加重语气，它们指人或物，单数或复数都一样，在句中作主语、宾语、表语用。I have my way, and she has hers.名词所有格：名词所有格与名词有关（与所有格形容词和所有格代词有关），名词+s：表示的，如：Tims、Jones、bosss。名词所有格有两种属性：形容词性、名词性This is Tims shirt. （形容词性）This shirt is Tims. （名词性）课文TEACHER:Whose shirt is that?Is this your shirt, Dave?DAVE: No. Sir. Its not my shirt.This is my shirt. My shirts blue.TEACHER:Is this shirt Tims?DAVE: Perhaps it is, sir. Tims shirts white.TEACHER:Tim!TIM: Yes, sir?TEACHER:Is this your shirt?TIM: Yes, sir.TEACHER:Here you are. Catch!TIM: Thank you, sir.课文注解Here you are. 给你这是给对方东西时的用语，也可用Here it is.或Here they are.（指复数的物）。句中的are和is一般应重读。Lesson 12 Whose is this? This is my/your/his/herWhose is that? That is my/your/his/her词汇（8）father n. 父亲mother n. 母亲blouse n. 女衬衫sister n. 姐，妹tie n. 领带brother n. 兄，弟his possessive adjective. 他的her possessive adjective. 她的Lesson 13 A new dress词汇（8）colour n. 颜色=color（美）green adj. 绿色come v. 来upstairs adj. 楼上smart adj. 时髦的，巧妙的hat n. 帽子same adj. 相同的lovely adj. 可爱的colour n. 颜色=color（美）what colour is? What make is ? 什么车牌？come v. 来come on：快点来；拜托，得了吧；过来Come on. Im not 18 years old again. 拜托，得了吧。go：去，加油smart adj. 时髦的，巧妙的 漂亮的，时髦的，巧妙的You look smart in that new dress. 聪明的，伶俐的，精明的He is a smart businessman.课文LOUISE:What colours your new dress?ANNA: Its green.Come upstairs and see it.LOUISE:Thank you.ANNA: Look! Here it is!LOUISE:Thats a nice dress. Its very smart.ANNA: My hats new, too.LOUISE:What colour is it?ANNA: Its the same colour. Its green, too.LOUISE:That is a lovely hat!课文注释Its the same colour. 一样的颜色。same通常与定冠词the连用，表示“同一的”、“相同的”two boys of the same age 两个同龄的男孩子Lesson 14 What colours your?词汇（3）casen. 箱子carpetn. 地毯dogn. 狗Lesson 15 Your passport, please.词汇（9）customs n. 海关officer n. 官员girl n. 女孩，姑娘Danish adj.& n. 丹麦人friend n. 朋友Norwegian adj.& n. 挪威人passport n. 护照brown adj. 棕色的tourist 5tuEristn. 旅游者customs n. 海关customs，Customs n. 复海关；征收关税的程序The spy was stopped at the Customs and questioned. 那个间谍在海关被截住并被加以盘问。custom n. 风俗，习惯When risiting a foreign country, we might find the countrys customs strange to us.It is his custom to go for a walk in the evening.friend n. 朋友friend：朋友（正式）pal：好友，伙伴（随意）buddy：伙伴，朋友（随意）friendship：友谊A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患难之交才是真朋友。tourist n. 旅游者tour n. 观光，旅游tour guide 导游travel n. 旅行（泛指）traveler n. 旅行者trip v.&n. 旅行（短途）语法名词：名词有五种：1、普通名词（可数名词）：a pen、a book2、物质名词（不可数名词）：water、milk3、专有名词：Mt. Tai（泰山）、the Great Wall（长城）、Summer Palace（颐和园）4、集体名词：police、people、family5、抽象名词：beauty、wisdom可数名词单数变复数的规则：1、普通的名词后边直接加 sa book/ two books加 -s 后的读音 s z iz 2、以辅音字母加 y 结尾的单词要把 y 变 i 加 esbaby - babies3、以 -ch -sh -x -s -z 结尾的单词要加 -es 读音为iz 4、以 f 或 fe 结尾的单词要变为 vesknife - kniveswife - wives5、辅音字母加 o 结尾的单词要加 espotato - potatoeszoo - zoos元音字母加 o 结尾的单词要加 s 6、英语中有一些名词的复数形式是不规则的manmenswomanwomenmilkmanmilkmenpolicwwmanpolicwomen课文CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are you Swedish?GIRLS: No, we are not. We are Danish.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are your friends Danish, too?GIRLS: No, they arent. They are Norwegian.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Your passports, please.GIRLS: Here they are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are these your cases?GIRLS: No, they arent.Our cases are brown. Here they are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are you tourists?GIRLS: Yes, we are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Are your friends tourists too?GIRLS: Yes, they are.CUSTOMS OFFICER:Thats fine.GIRLS: Thank you very much.Lesson 16 Are you?词汇（8）Russian adj.&n. 俄罗斯人Dutch adj.&n. 荷兰人these pron. 这些（复数）red adj. 红色的grey adj. 灰色的yellow adj. 黄色的black adj.黑色的orange adj. 橘黄色的grey adj. 灰色的 灰色的，偏灰的 头发灰白的Her hair is grey. 面色苍白的Tony looks grey and tired. 托尼面色苍白，显得疲惫。语法名词复数-s或-es的发音规则： 如果名词词尾的发音是一个清辅音（s、F、tF除外），-s发s的音如：books bukssuitssu:ts 如果名词词尾的发音是一个浊辅音（z、V、dV除外）或元音，-s发z的音， 如果名词词尾的发音是s、z、F、V、tF、dV，-s发 iz的音Lesson 17 How do you do? 词汇（6）employee n. 雇员 hard-working adj. 勤奋的sales reps 推销员=sales representativesman n. 男人office n. 办公室assistant n. 助手employee n. 雇员 一个动词后有 -ee，是被这个动作影响的人；一个动词后有 -er，是做出这个动作的人。V+-ee 被的人V+er 发出的人employ v. 雇拥I need to employ some people to help me do this work.employee n. 雇员employer n. 雇主employment n. 工作-ment 名词后缀train v. 训练trainee n. 被训练的人trainer n. 训练者hard-working adj. 勤奋的hard adj&adv. 艰苦的，坚硬的，努力地work n&v. 工作hard-working adj. 勤奋的Lucy is a hard-working employee.They are hard-working.hard-work n. 艰苦的工作 This is a hard-work.work hard 努力地工作assistant n. 助手office assistant 指办公室干杂务的工作人员assist v. 援助课文MR. JACKSON: Come and meet our employees, Mr. Richards.MR. RICHARDS:Thank you, Mr. Jackson.MR. JACKSON:This is Nicola Grey, and this is Claire Taylor.MR. RICHARDS:How do you do?Those women are very hard-working. What are their jobs?MR. JACKSON:Theyre keyboard operators.This is Michael Baker, and this is Jeremy Short.MR. RICHARDS:How do you do?They arent very busy! What are their jobs?MR. JACKSON:Theyre sales reps. Theyre very lazy.MR. RICHARDS:Who is this young man?MR. JACKSON:This is Jim. Hes our office assistant.Lesson 18 What are their jobs? twenty thirty forty fifty sixty seventy eighty ninety one/a hundred one/a thousand百位和十位之间用and连接。1万=10千101：one hundred and one1564：one thousand five hundred and sixty four9059：nine thousand and fifty nine63,152：sixty three thousand one hundred and fifty two331,278：three hundred and thirty one thousand two hundred and seventy eightLesson 19 Tired and thirty词汇（9）matter n. 事情children n. 孩子们 （child 的复数）tired adj. 累，疲乏boy n. 男孩thirsty adj. 渴Mum n. 妈妈sit down 坐下right adj. 好，可以ice cream 冰淇淋（有时可数，有时不可数）matter n. 事情 n. 事情，事件Its a private matter.Hes not very interested in financial matters. n. 麻烦事，困难Whats the matter? =Tell me whats wrong? =Whats wrong? Whats the matter with+sb. Whats the matter with the children?It doesnt matter. 没关系It matters. 有关系Does it matter? 有关系吗？可以吗？thirsty adj. 渴 adj. 渴的，口干的 adj. （工地等）干旱的a dry and thirsty land 干旱的土地 adj. 渴望的，渴求的（for / after）The students there are thirsty for knowledge.那里的学生有强烈的求知欲。语法There be 句型there be 句型：表示某处有某物there is + 可数名词的单数/不可数名词There is a pen, two books and a knife on the desk.课桌上有一枝钢笔、两本书和一把小刀。（第一个并列名词是单数，所以用is）there are + 可数名词的复数形式常见方位介词：in、on、over、underon：在上面，接触物体表面over：越过，垂直上方，不接触表面in：在里面，物体里面to：往，向，表示去向方向into：进入里面，从外到里进入的过程out of：在外，从里面出来across：横穿在物体表面横穿，从平面穿过through：从里面（中间）穿过under：在下面deside：在旁边near：在附近between：在两者之间among 在中间（两者以上）over：从斜面穿过介词用法：1、 跟在be动词之后2、 跟在一些不及物动词之后课文MOTHER:Whats the matter, children?GIRL: Were tired BOY: and thirsty, Mum.MOTHER: Sit down here.Are you all right now?BOY: No, we arent.MOTHER: Look! Theres an ice cream man.MOTHER: Two ice cream please.Here you are, children.CHILDREN:Thanks, Mum.GIRL: These ice creams are nice.MOTHER:Are you all right n