《工程英语阅读》期末复习之工程术语.doc

工程英语阅读期末复习之工程术语hydraulic engineering 水利工程geotechnical engineering岩土工程surveying engineering 测量工程construction engineering 建筑工程structural engineering 结构工程environmental impact study 环境影响研究wearing course 磨耗层roadbed路基load carrying ability/capacity承载力bulldozer 推土机loader 装载机power roller 电动压路机（路碾）culvert 涵洞shoulder 路肩filling materials 填料concrete 混凝土plane surveying 平面测量geodetic surveying 大地测量elevations 高程steel tape 钢卷尺tripod 三角架transit经纬仪total station 全站仪surveyors level 水准仪borrow pit 取土坑hydrological factors水文因素intermediate control points 中间控制点reconnaissance 踏勘topographic maps 地形图subsurface exploration 地下勘探route reconnaissance 线路踏勘preliminary survey 初步定线final location 最终定线preliminary reconnaissance前期踏勘alignment design 定线设计，路线设计cut-and-cover method随挖随填法bench mark 水准点，基准点embankment路堤plumb bob 铅锤cross section 横断面，截面；断面图roadbed路基，路床subgrade路基base course 基层surfacing / surface course 面层，路面divided highways分离式车道shoulder slope: 路肩边坡cut bank: (also called cut back slope) 挖方边坡roadside ditch: 边沟intercept ditch: 截水沟cross slope: 横坡superelevation: 超高flexible pavements 柔性路面 rigid pavements刚性路面subbase 底基层Portland cement波特兰水泥，硅酸盐水泥high-early-strength cement早强水泥bituminous material沥青材料bituminous surface treatment 沥青表面处治mixed-in-place bituminous Pavements (Road Mix) 现场拌制沥青路面(路拌) hot-mix bituminous concrete pavements (Plant Mix)热拌沥青混凝土路面(厂拌)coarse aggregate粗集料，粗骨料fine aggregate 细集料，细骨料plain concrete 素混凝土reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土compressive strength 抗压强度 weather resistance耐候性fire resistance 耐火性workability和易性curing methods（混凝土的）养护方法water-cement ratio水灰比tensile strength抗拉强度concrete slab混凝土板steam-curing 蒸汽养护steel rods钢筋reinforcement钢筋reinforcing steel钢筋modulus of elasticity弹性模量elastic strain弹性应变working loads使用载荷pre-stressed concrete预应力混凝土shear strength 抗剪强度pre-tensioning先张法post-tensioning: 后张法concrete sleepers混凝土枕轨hollow beam空心梁concrete pile混凝土桩consulting engineer咨询工程师geological strata地质层trial pit探坑bore hole钻孔bills of quantities工程量表resident engineer驻场工程师temporary haul roads:临时运输便道，进料道路drainage system排水系统hydraulic excavator液压挖掘机cut-off ditch截流沟dump truck: 自卸车face shovel excavators:正铲挖掘机drain trenches/ditches排水沟contractor 承包人，承包商earthworks 土方（工程）caterpillar tractor 履带拖拉机earth settlement 土方沉降formation 路基顶面cantilever bridge悬臂桥cable-stayed bridge: 斜拉桥long span bridge: 大跨径桥梁abutment 桥台pier 桥墩 concrete spread footings: 混凝土底座，砼扩大基础bearing pile: 支撑桩substructure:下部结构superstructure:上部结构pile cap 桩帽deck type:上承式（桥）through type: 下承式（桥）half-through type: 中承式（桥）reinforced concrete T-beams钢筋混凝土T形梁girder bridge: 梁桥，梁式桥 plate girder：板梁box girder: 箱形梁 cast-in-place concrete deck现浇桥面tied arch系杆拱cable-stayed bridge 斜拉桥arch bridge拱桥bearing支座lean concrete贫混凝土mass concrete大体积混凝土shuttering模板，支模dead load静载live load活载expansion joint膨胀缝reinforced concrete钢筋混凝土mild steel 低碳钢，软钢simple span简支跨rigid frame bridge刚架桥spread footings 扩大基础falsework 脚手架，支架balanced cantilever method平衡悬臂法inclined cables/stays; 斜拉索orthotropic deck 正交异性桥面continuous stiffening girders 连续加劲梁cable tower 索塔bedrock: 基岩，岩床pneumatic caisson 气压沉箱 open caisson 沉井structural performancestiffening girder 加劲梁wire rope strand 钢绞线base course路基层bearing capacity 承载力bending moment 弯矩；力矩bill of quantities 建筑工料清单；工程量清单；工程量表bituminous material 沥青材料borrow area采料区；取土区box girder 箱形主梁；箱形大梁breaking strength 断裂强度；抗断强度bridge abutment 桥台bridge deck 桥面板；桥板；桥面bridge deck level 桥面pier 桥墩bulldozer 推土机suspension bridge吊桥，悬索桥cable-stayed bridge 斜拉桥caisson 沉箱cantilever bridge 悬臂桥cantilever footing 悬臂基脚cantilever foundation 悬臂基础；悬臂地基carrying capacity承载能力cast-in-place现场浇筑cast-in-situ 现浇；就地浇筑cast-in-situ concrete unit 现浇混凝土组件cast-in-situ pile 现浇桩catch pit 集水井；排水井civil works 土木工程coarse aggregate 粗集料，粗骨料cofferdam 围堰cohesive force 黏合力cohesive soil 黏性土compressive strength 抗压强度compressive stress 压应力；抗压应力concrete batching 配制混凝土concrete batching plant 混凝土配料设备；混凝土配料厂concrete cover 混凝土保护层concrete cube 混凝土立方块concrete cube test 混凝土立方块测试concrete design 混凝土配合比设计concrete grade 混凝土等级concrete member 混凝土构件concrete mix 混凝土拌合料；混凝土配合比；混凝土混合物concrete mixer 混凝土搅拌机；混凝土拌合机concrete mixing plant 混凝土拌合机；混凝土拌合厂concrete pile 混凝土桩concrete pipe 混凝土管concrete placement 混凝土浇注concrete slab 混凝土板concrete sleeper 混凝土轨枕concrete strength 混凝土强度concrete structure 混凝土结构；混凝土建造物concrete vibrator 混凝土振捣器construction cost 建筑成本；建筑费用；造价environmental impact assessment环境影响评估construction joint 施工缝；施工接缝construction material 建筑材料construction sequence 施工程序；施工步骤construction site 建筑工地construction stage 施工阶段continuous beam 连续梁contour line 等高线contractor承包商corrosion of the reinforcing steel 钢筋锈蚀corrosion protection 锈蚀防护corrosion resistance 防锈，耐蚀性corrosion-resistant material 防蚀物料retaining wall 挡土墙crane 起重机；吊车cross section 横截面；横切面cross sectional area 横截面面积；横切面面积crown 路拱；拱顶crushed stone 碎石crusher 碎石机concrete curing time混凝土养护期cut-and-cover method随挖随填法gradeseparation立体交叉simplesupportedgirderbridge简支梁桥continuousgirderbridge连续梁桥cablestayedbridge斜拉桥trussbridge桁架桥suspensionbridge悬索（吊）桥archbridge拱桥bridgesuperstructure桥跨结构（上部结构）bridgebearing桥支座bridgesubstructure桥下部结构bridgetower索塔（桥塔）cofferdam围堰pavement路面carriageway行车道shoulder路肩sideditch边沟spreadfoundation扩展(扩大)基础stripfoundation条形基础raftfoundation筏形基础subgrade路基deformation变形elasticdeformation弹性变形plasticdeformation塑性变形compressivestrength抗压强度tensi