上海市上海中学东校2017届高三12月月考英语试题(易错题分析) Word版含答案.doc

2016年上海中学东校高三12月月考卷语法填空For years and years people in USA (21) _(say)that the railways are dead. “We can do without railways.” People sayas if motorcars and planes have made the railways unnecessary. We all keep(22) _(hear) that trains are slow, that they lose money, and that theyre dying .But this is far from the truth: in these days of expensive oil, the railways have become highly competitive with motorcars and planes. If you are intending(23) _(carry) people or goods from place to place, they are(24) _(cheap)than planes. And they have much in common with planes. A plane goes in a straight line and (25)_ does a railway. What is more, it takes you from the heart of a city into the heart of another. It doesnt leave you up(26)_ a plane does, miles and miles from the city center. It doesnt hold you up as a car does, in endless traffic jams, and a single train carry goods(27) _no plane or a motorcar could ever do.Far from being dead, the railways are very much alive. Modern railway lines give you a smooth, less(28)_(trouble) journey. Where else(29) _you eat well, sleep in comfort, feel safe and enjoy the scene while you are traveling at speed at the same time? And we are only at the beginning, for we have just entered the age of super-fast trains, trains traveling(30) _150 miles an hour and more. Soon we will be wondering why we spent so much on motorcars we cant use because we have not enough money to buy the oil and planes we cant fly for the same reason.Have been saying hearing to carry cheaper so as which troubledcan at易错题分析：21. 从标志词For years and years可以判断出句子的时态为现在完成进行时；25.从句子结构判断出为倒装句表“。也是”，所以用so；26从语义判断出句意为“正如飞机一样”，所以用as;十一选十A. especially B. lean C. normally D. scanned E. age F. comparable G. striking H. shrunk I. decline J. impact K. progression Being overweight in middle-age makes the brain (31)_by 10 years, research by the University of Cambridge has found.The study, which(32) _473 brains, found changes in the brain structure of overweight people which are(33)_ seen in those far older.The volume of white matter - the tissue that connects areas of the brain and allows information to be communicated between regions - (34)_far more in those with a Body Mass Index above 25. Shrinkage of parts of the brain is associated with a higher risk of cognitive (35)_and dementia.The Cambridge Study found no differences in cognitive skills when participants underwent IQ tests. But the men and women will be scanned as they get older, to check for changes which indicate mental decline.Human brains naturally shrink with age, but scientists are increasingly recognising that obesity - already linked to conditions such as diabetes, cancer and heart disease - may also affect the onset and(36) _of brain ageing.In the study of people aged between 20 and 87, researchers looked at the(37) _of obesity on brain structure across the adult lifespan.Researchers divided the groups into two categories: (38)_and overweight, depending on whether their BMI was above or below 25. They found(39) _differences in the volume of white matter. Overweight individuals had a widespread reduction in white matter compared with lean people.The team then calculated how white matter volume related to age across the two groups. They discovered that an overweight person at 50 had a(40) _white matter volume to a lean person aged 60.Researchers only observed these differences from middle-age onwards, suggesting that brains may be particularly vulnerable during this period of ageing.E D C H I K J B G F 易错题分析：32. 根据标志词brainsbrain structure词性和句子意思可以判断出是扫描大脑，所以用 scanned33. 根据标志词Shrinkage of parts的提示，可以判断出来这空填shrunk；35. 此处易错主要是学生通常把decline看成动词，忽略它的名词的性质，所以容易错；40. 此处学生可能容易判断错词性，把它当成缺乏副词，所以容易写错，根据句子意思，这里是“50多的人比起60多岁的人，白质相当多”可以判断出来这空填comparable完型Language is hard. In fact, its infinitely harder and more complicated than math. And yet, nearly every small child can learn and master language. Why is math so overwhelming for so many students? And how high is the price we pay from having so many math- (41) _ or even math-illiterate people in our society? Too high, especially as the ability to grasp data and pursue advanced work that involves math is becoming increasingly(42) _ for both citizens and job applicants. But how many of us feel incapable, rather than poorly taught, when we are confronted with the rigors of math? How many children who struggled to grasp math concepts, who lacked the necessary tool kit, were led to feel stupid, even demeaned? Compare it to spoken or written language. When you make a mistake, a teacher corrects the part that is wrong. And then you(43) _. With math, if you dont have the correct result, it is typically treated as wrong. And, as mistake after mistake(44) _, too many students simply give up: I cant do math.But math is not about intelligence. Its a language that too many people never learn, often because the education process(45)_ the number of ways that a given person can arrive at a given solution.Thats not a failure of children to learn. Thats a failure of (46)_. Its a failure of the school. We should not blame the student. (These are children, after all.)Part of the challenge is to identify the gaps in knowledge, to (47)_ that the challenge is not that a student simply doesnt understand algebra or trigonometry or whatever. There may be a particular basic concept that stands(48)_of going forward in math, as well as other fields such as social science or engineering.Overcoming this block requires moving beyond broad industrialized education and to, (49)_ learning that allows students to find their own way in. Show me a thousand students and Ill show you a thousand (50)_ pathways that they might take to achieve math success.With new digital technologies and a massive amount of data collection and analytics, we have the ability to help students identify the essential concepts they dont understand. We have data on all the students that solved a particular math problem and those that failed to solve it. We also have data on the problems they were able to solve prior to that.So as a student recognizes that they are(51)_ with, say, negative number concepts, they can go back and master the materialto fill in the gaps that allows them to go forward. And when they hit another tough spot? They can jump to the problems that allow them to master that concept. The hope is that as they progress, their interest and enthusiasm(52)_.We are pursuing this approach at the university level. We also are seeking to incorporate this approach at the high school, middle school and elementary levels. This will make it possible for a growing number of students to pursue degrees and careers that they never thought.In the years ahead, that mindset, borne out of the failure of math instruction, should(53)_. If we can succeed at breaking down the (54)_ that theres something wrong with a 3rd grader who cannot learn mathrather than something wrong with the teaching processthen we can look forward to new generations of math-literate citizens. Whatever career they choose, they will be more confident and more capable to understand and contribute to an increasingly complex, (55)_ driven world.学语言真的很难。老实讲，它比学数学要复杂得多，也困难得多。不过，几乎所有的小孩子都能够学习并且熟练掌握一门语言。那到底为什么数学会成为许多学生难以逾越的鸿沟呢？因为社会上这些“数学恐惧症患者”，甚至是“数学盲”的存在，我们又得付出多大的代价呢？不用说，这代价简直太大了，尤其是在当今社会，获取数据和从事高难度工作越来越成为普通人和求职者的必备能力。问题一开始出在数学的抽象教学上。这就让我们错失大量数学知识，而这些知识是我们本身就具有的。我们知道如何去解决未知的东西，那么这就是代数。我们也知道用三维空间去思考这就是几何学和三角学。这门数学语言其实就是我们思维方式的解析式。然而碰到数学难题的时候，我们当中有多少人只会觉得是自己无能，而不会归因于教育问题？又有多少孩子绞尽脑汁地去记忆数学概念，却因为缺少必要的学习工具，而觉得自己愚蠢之极，甚至变得妄自菲薄？相比起来书面语或者口语，如果你犯了错误，老师就会对此进行更正，然后你可以再继续。而数学就不一样了，数学是如果你得不到正确答案，老师就会认定你做错了。随着错误不断堆积，很多学生干脆破罐破摔，直接放弃了：我就是搞不懂数学。不过数学无关智力，而是一种许多人都未曾学习过的语言。很多时候就是因为教育过程不注重因材施教的方法，才会让数学变得那么“难”。这不是孩子学习的失败，而是教育的失败，学校的失败。我们不该责怪学生。（毕竟他们只是孩子而已）我们遇到的挑战一部分是认清知识之间的缺口，以及明白这份挑战不只是因为学生不懂代数或者三角学。有时候我们可能会遇到某一个基本概念，它不止阻碍我们步入数学的大门，也会影响我们通往其他领域的步伐，比如社会科学或者工程学。要克服这一困难，我们就必须得摒弃产业化教育，因材施教，这样有助于学生找到自己的学习方法。给我1000个学生，我就能让你看到拿下数学的1000种不同方法。有了新的数字科技、大量的数据收集和分析学，我们有能力帮学生记住一些他们原本并不理解的基本概念。我们收集的数据包括：对于某个特定的数学问题，能够解决和不能解决的学生情况，以及在那之前他们能够解决的问题。因此，当学生知道他们正在与，比如说负数概念艰难地做斗争，可以回过头去，掌握一些必须的材料，将知识的缺口填补完整，这样就能继续往前走。那以后又碰到难题该怎么办？他们可以直接去解决一些特定问题，从中快速掌握该概念。我们希望，学生在进步的过程中，自己的兴趣和热情也能一起被提高。41. A. packed B. convinced C. controlled D. terrified42. A. strong B. huge C. important D. desirable43. A. proceed B. pause C. protest D. preview44. A. comes up B. covers up C. makes up D. builds up45. A. calculates B. missesC. estimates D. analyzes46. A. teaching B. communicating C. experimenting D. understanding47. A. interpret B. address C. clarify D. advocate48. A. in the process B. in the center C. in the stage D. in the way49. A. modernized B. revolutionized C. personalized D. commercialized50. A. different B. unique C. effective D. efficient51. A. going B. doing C. struggling D. concerning52. A. declines B. persists C. arouses D. increases53. A. inspired B. eliminated C. established D. challenged54. A. prediction B. assumption C. truth D. theory55. A. data B. power C. energy D. digit易错题分析：47.这题的难点主要在于对四个词的辨析：interpret 阐明，解释；address对。致辞，演讲；使清楚，说明； advocate倡导，提倡这句话的意思是：我们遇到的挑战一部分是认清知识之间的缺口，以及明白这份挑战不只是因为学生不懂代数或者三角学。所以答案为clarify53. 这句话的关键需要看懂句子意思：由于这种指导性的失败应该要减少（消除）所以答案为B. eliminated55. 这句话主要意思是只有我们越来越有自信，有能力理解和贡献与这个越来越复杂的受_驱使的世界，跟数学相关的当然是数据了，所以选data.阅读理解B篇1.Electric cars are dirty. In fact, not only are they dirty, they might even be more dirty than their gasoline-powered cousins. People in California love to talk about “zero-emissions（排放）vehicles”, but people in California seem to be clueless about 2.where electricity comes from. Power plants most all use fire to make it. Apart from the few people who have their roofs covered with solar cells, we get our electricity from generators（发电机）. Generators are fueled by something-usually coal, oil, but also by heat generated in nuclear power plants. There are a few wind farms and geothermal（地热） plants as well, but by far we get electricity mainly by burning something.In other words, those zero-emissions cars are likely coal-burning cars. Because the coal is burned somewhere else, it looks clean. It is not true. Its as if the California Greens are covering their eyes“If I cant see it, its not happening.” Gasoline is an incredibly efficient way to power a vehicle; a gallon of gas has a lot of energy in it. But when you take that gas（or another fuel）and first use it to make electricity, you waste a nice part of that energy, mostly in the form of wasted heat-at the generator, through the transmission lines, etc.A gallon of gas may drive your car 25 miles. But the electricity you get from that gallon of gas wont get you nearly as far - so electric cars burn more fuel than gasoline-powered ones. If our electricity came mostly from wind or geothermal, or solar, then an electric car truly would be clean. But for political, technical, and economic reasons, we dont use much of those energy sources. 3.In addition, electric cars batteries which are poisonous for a long time will eventually end up in a landfill. And finally, when cars are the polluters, the pollution is spread across all the roads. When its a power plant, though，all the junk is in one place. Nature is very good at cleaning up when things are not too concentrated, but it takes a lot longer when all the garbage is in one spot. 59.Whats the main idea of the passages? AElectric cars arent actually clean. BElectric cars are zero-emissions vehicles. CZero-emissions vehicles are popular. DGasoline-powered cars are more efficient.60.Which of the following words can replace “be clueless about” in Paragraph 2? ABe familiar with BBe curious about CFail to understand DShow their interest in61.In the authors opinion, compared with cars using gas, electric cars are more _. Aenvironmentally-friendly BexpensiveCefficient Dharmful62.It can be inferred from the passage that _.Aelectric cars batteries are poisonous for a long timeBnow electric cars are used more than their gasoline-powered cousinsCzero-emissions vehicles should be chosen to protect our environmentDelectric cars are not clean in that we get electricity mainly by burning somethingACDD 六选四EmpathyLast year, researchers from the University of Michigan reported that empathy, the ability to understand other people, among college students had dropped sharply over the past 10 years. 对于研究的结果，研究者接下来是对他的解释，重点是B答案中的face time/ screen time 可以推断出是人们产生共鸣变少的原因，所以答案为B(67)_Today, people spend more time alone and are less likely to join groups and clubs.Jennifer Freed, a co-director of a teen program, has another explanation. Turn on the TV, and youre showered with news and reality shows full of people fighting, competing, and generally treating one another with no respect. (68)_ There are good reasons not to follow those bad examples. Humans are socially related by nature. Having relationships with other people is an important part of being human-and having empathy is decisive to those relationships.Researchers have also found that empathetic teenagers are more likely to have high self-respect. Besides, empathy can be a cure for loneliness, sadness, anxiety, and fear.Empathy is also an indication of a good leader. In fact, Freed says, many top companies report that empathy is one of the most important things they look for in new managers. (69)_ Academics are important. But if you dont have emotional (情感的) intelligence, you wont be as