选修8-Unit-3-Inventors-and-inventions词汇学案含答案.doc

选修8 Unit 3 Inventors and inventionsWords and Expressions执笔人 刘文青.词语辨析 hope / wish / expect【解释】hope 后面只能接不定式和that从句，表示一种有信心的可实现的希望。注意： hope后不能接动名词作宾语，也不能用hope sb. to do sth. 结构。 省略答语中，not不可放在hope前，如不能说I don t hope so.只能说I hope not. wish 通常表示有某种未实现或无法实现的欲望或希望，wish后跟从句时常用虚拟语气。expect 表示“预期，盼望，期待，料想”，后面可跟名词、代词、不定式，that从句等。 【练习】用hope，wish，expect的适当形式填空。1) We _ that our children will carry on our family traditions. 2) I _ you a very happy future.3) What do you _ me to do? 4) Most of the parents _ much of their children.5) I am _ a letter from her.6) I _ I were really wealthy. Keys: 1) hope 2) wish 3) wish / expect 4) expect 5) expecting 6) wish.重点词汇1. distinguish 辨别；辨认；（常与from, between连用）区别；区分；使著名，使出众典例1) I can distinguish them at a distance. 从远处我能认出他们。2) What was it that distinguished her from her classmates? 是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？3) Can you distinguish between those two objects? 你能区分这两个物体吗？4) The man distinguishes himself by his wisdom这个人因智慧而享有盛名。重点用法1）distinguish between A and B 区分/辨别A和Bdistinguish A from B 辨别A与B be distinguished from不同于be distinguished by 以为特征 be distinguished for 因而著称distinguish oneself 显扬自己；使自己扬名2) distinguished adj.卓越的，著名的，杰出的 高手过招 完成句子1) Children should be taught to _ _ _ _ (分辨好坏).= Children should be taught to distinguish_ _ _ _. 2) The twins are so alike that no one can _ one_ the other.3) Speech distinguishes human beings _ the animals. 4) The Chinese nation is distinguished _ its diligence and courage.Keys: 1) distinguish right from wrong; between right and wrong 2) distinguish , from 3) from 4) for 2. convenient adj.便利的，方便的convenience n.便利，方便 conveniently adv.便利地典例1) Is it convenient for you to come next Sunday? 下个星期天你方便来吗？2) I can t see him now; it s not convenient. 我现在不便见他。 重点用法be convenient to sb. 对某人方便 It is convenient (for sb) to do sth. (某人)做某事方便注意 convenient作表语时，不能用表示人的名词或代词作主语。高手过招 完成句子1) Come and see me _ _ _ _ _ (无论你何时方便).2) We must arrange a _ (convenience) time and place for the meeting.3) I keep my reference books near my desk for _ (convenient).Keys: 1) whenever it s convenient to you 2) convenient 3) convenience3.bear vt. 忍受，忍耐; 负担; 生产，生育典例1) The pain was almost more than he could bear. 这种痛苦几乎使他无法忍受。2) I doubt if that chair will bear your weight. 我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的体重。3) She was born in 1978.她出生于1978年。重点用法bear doing/n./to do.忍受bear sb./sb.s doing sth.忍受某人做某事bear sth.in mind牢记高手过招 翻译或完成句子1）他无法忍受遭人嘲笑。 _2）你要记住你的父母希望你成为一名好医生。You must _ that _Keys: 1) He cant bear being laughed at./He cant bear to be laughed at.2) bear it in mind , your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.4. seize vt. 抓住，捉住；占据；（指强烈的感情 愿望等）突然影响或控制（某人）典例1) She seized me by the wrist. 她抓住我的手腕。2) Panic seized us. 我们惊恐万状。重点用法seize hold of sth 抓住某物seize a chance / an opportunity 抓住时机高手过招 完成句子1) His father asked him _ (抓住时机赚一些钱).2) We _ (身不由己) by a sudden impulse to run.Keys: 1) to seize the chance to make some money 2) were seized 5. hang vt.& vi. (hung; hung) 悬挂，附着；悬挂着 vt. (hanged; hanged) 吊死，绞死典例1) His pictures were hung in the Museum of Modem Arts. 他的画在现代艺术馆展出。2) The man was hanged for murder. 那男子因谋杀罪被处绞刑。重点用法hang about 闲待着，终日无所事事；闲荡 hang on 紧握着；(电话用语)别挂断hang up 挂；挂断电话高手过招 用与hang的正确形式或相关的词组填空。 1) She _ the phone angrily before I could speak. 2) He _ for murder.3) The curtain _ well.4) _ a minute; I m just coming.Keys: 1) hung up 2) was hanged 3) hangs 4) Hang on . 重点词组1. call up打电话给某人；征召；召集服兵役；唤起；使人回忆 典例1) He called me up to tell me the good news. 他打电话给我并告诉我这个好消息。2) I was called up three months after war broke out. 战争爆发后的第三个月，我应征入伍。短语归纳 call短语：call back 回电话；再来访问call on/at 拜访(on后跟人；at后跟地点名词)call for 需要；要求，邀约，为叫喊(eg: call for help)call in 请来，召来；收回call off 取消，撤销（计划的活动）call out大声叫唤;出动高手过招 根据句意在横线上填入适当的介词或副词。1) This sort of work calls _ a lot of patience. 2) Human Rights groups are calling _ the release of political prisoners. 3) He had to call _ the meeting because of the bad weather.4) I ll call _ him tomorrow. Do you want to visit him with me?5) The makers have called _ some cars with dangerous faults.6) The government then called _ troops to deal with the disturbances.7) The old photo calls _ memories of my childhood. Keys: 1) for 2) for 3) off 4) on 5) in 6) in 7) up 2. set about sth/doing sth (不用於被动语态) 开始（某工作）； 着手做某事典例 1) I must set about my packing. 我得开始收拾行李了。2) The new government must set about finding solutions to the country s economic problems. 新政府必须立即找出解决国家经济问题的办法。 短语归纳 set短语：set sth aside（为某目的）节省或保留（钱或时间）；将某事物放在一边；对不予考虑set sth down 将某事物记在纸上； 写下来 set out 从某地出发上路；着手做某事set off 开始（旅行、赛跑等） set sth off 使（炸弹、地雷等）爆炸；激起set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；建立；创（体育）记录set to 精力充沛地开始做某事高手过招 根据句意在横线上填入适当的介词或副词。1) I don t know how to set _ this job. 2) She set _ a new world record time _ the 100 metres. 3) Having made up his mind, he set_ carrying out the plan.4)They succeeded in what they had set _ to do. 5) Try to set _ some time to visit him.Keys: 1) about 2) up; in 3) about 4) out 5) aside3. (every) now and then/again 时而；偶尔；有时典例 1) I like to go to the opera now and then. 我喜欢偶尔去看歌剧。2) Every now and again she went upstairs to see if he was still asleep. 她时而到楼上看看他是否还在睡着。短语归纳 now短语：now (that). 由於；既然 right now 此刻；现在 by now 到目前为止 just now 刚才 from now on 从现在开始 高手过招 用与now相关的词组填空。 1) Sonia should have been home _ _. Do you think she s OK? 2) I hear from him _ _ _ _.3) Please try to be more careful _ _ _.4) There s nothing I can do about this _ _.Keys: 1). by now 2). every now and then 3). from now on 4). right now4. get through通过(考试、关卡、法律等)；用完，消耗掉；（设法）做或完成某事；接通(电话）典例1) When you get through (with your work), lets go out. 你做完（工作）后我们出去吧。2) I tried ringing you several times yesterday but I couldnt get through (to you). 昨天我给你打了几次电话, 可是都没（和你）接通。短语归纳 get短语：get (sth) across (to sb)（使某事）为人理解get ahead (of sb) 领先（于某人）get along 进行，进展get along with sb 与某人和睦相处get on/along with sth 取得进展get away (from sb/.) 逃离或摆脱开（某人或某地）get off 离开某地或出发get away with sth不因某事受惩罚；偷携某物潜逃get down to sth/doing sth 开始做某事；重视某事物；认真处理某事get over sth从（疾病、震惊等）中恢复过来；克服，战胜高手过招 完成句子1) If you cheat in the exam you ll never _ _ _ it.2) He s not very good at _ his ideas _. 3) It s time I _ _ _ (认真干) some serious work. 4) He was disappointed at not getting the job, but he ll _ _ it.Keys: 1) get away with 2) getting; across 3) got down to 4) get over 5. ring back 回复电话典例1) I ll ask him to ring you back. 我会叫他给你回电话。2) He rang off before I could answer it. 我还没来得及接他就挂断了。短语归纳 ring短语：ring.up 给打电话 ring off 挂断电话 give sb. a ring给某人打电话高手过招 翻译下面的句子。1) 他们一到我就给你打电