英语副词1.doc

英语副词1 分类 (1)时间副词：常见的有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, before, early, today, tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, still, already, just等。如：An idea suddenly struck me.我心中忽然产生一个念头。(2)地点副词：常见的有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, upstairs, downstairs等。如：I am considering going abroad.我正在考虑出国。(3)方式副词：表示行为方式的副词大多以-ly结尾，常见的有quietly, heavily, warmly, carefully, happily, politely, angrily等。如：Look at the picture carefully.仔细看这幅画(from www.yygrammar)。(4)频度副词：常见的有always, usually, often, frequently, constantly, occasionally, sometimes, seldom, hardly, rarely, never等。Sometimes he gets up early.他有时起得早。 (5)程度副词：常见的有fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。如：The film was quite good.这个电影不错。(6)焦点副词：就是通过强调使之成为人们注意的焦点的副词，常见的有：only, alone, also, even, just, merely, simply, mainly, especially, exactly, too, as well等。如Only Tom knows the answer.只有汤姆知道答案(from www.yygrammar)。(7)连接副词：这类副词有相当于并列连词的therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, furthermore, still, thus, meanwhile等，也有引导名词性从句或不定式的when, why, where, how等。如：I dont want to go out now, and besides, I must work.我现在不想出去，而且我还得工作。(8)关系副词：就是引导定语从句的when, where, why等。如：This is the factory where his father works.这就是他父亲工作的那家工厂。(9)疑问副词：就是用于引出特殊疑问句的when, where, why, how等。如：When will he be back?他什么时候回来？ (10)句子副词：就是修饰整个句子，表达说话人的观点态度的副词，常见的有frankly, honestly, clearly, obviously, evidently, generally, briefly, fortunately, luckily, unexpectedly, naturally, hopefully等。如：Frankly, I am not satisfied with your work.说实在的，我对你的工作不满意。英语副词分类详解 一、时间副词1.常见的时间副词常见的时间副词有now, then, soon, ago, recently, lately, later, finally, before, early, today tomorrow, yesterday, tonight, suddenly, immediately, already, just等。2.时间副词在句中的位置(1) 表确定时间的副词(如today, yesterday等)通常位于句末，有时也位于句首：He went home yesterday. / Yesterday he went home.他昨天回家了。而那些表示非确定时间的副词(如 soon, recently, suddenly等)除可用于句末或句首外，还可位于句中(通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：He went to Paris recently. / He recently went to Paris. / Recently he went to Paris.最近他去了巴黎。(2) still, already, just等几个表示时间的副词通常位于句中(实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后)：Hes just left for school.他刚刚去学校。I have already finished my work.我已经做完了工作。当要表示强调时，still和already也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She was still still was beautiful at the age of forty.她到了40岁仍然很美。I already have told him about it.我已经把情况告诉他了。still若用于否定句，则总是位于助动词之前：I still dont understand what you mean.我还是不明白你的意思。另外，still和already还可位于句末，表示惊奇：Are you on page one still?你还在看第1页？Is your mother back already?你妈妈就已经回来了？ 二、地点副词1.常见的地点副词常见的地点副词有here, there, up, down, away, nearby, home, ahead, abroad, indoors, overseas, halfway, upstairs, downstairs等。2.地点副词在句中的位置地点副词在句中通常位于句末或句首，但从不位于主语和谓语之间。若有多个副词排列，地点副词通常位于方式副词之后，时间副词之前：Can you help to carry this table upstairs?你能帮忙把桌子搬到楼上去吗?The boy read quietly over there all afternoon.这男孩整个下午都在那儿静静地看书三、方式副词1.方式副词的特点方式副词表示动词的行为方式，许多以-ly结构的副词都是方式副词，如carefully, happily, quietly, heavily, warmly, correctly, politely, angrily等。2.方式副词在句中的位置(1) 方式副词通常位于动词(及其宾语)之后：He read the letter slowly.他从容不迫地看了那封信。方式副词通常不位于动词与宾语之间，除非动词后的宾语很长： 不可说：We like very much it. (应改为We like it very much.)但可说：We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.我们可以很清楚地看到在我们前方有一道奇怪的光。若遇到“动词+介词+宾语”结构，方式副词既可位于“介词+宾语”之前，也可位于“介词+宾语”之后，但是若该结构的宾语较长，则方式副词通常位于“介词+宾语”之前：He looked at me curiously. / He looked curiously at me.他好奇地打量着我。He looked curiously at everyone who got off the plane.他好奇地打量着从飞机上走下来的每一个人。(2) 方式副词(主要是单个的方式副词)有时也可位于主语与动词之间：He quickly got dressed.他赶紧穿好衣服。He angrily tore up the letter.他很生气，把信撕碎了。(3) 有的方式副词(如bravely, cleverly, cruelly, foolishly, generously, kindly, secretly, simply等)位于动词之前和位于句末会导致句子意思的变化：They secretly decided to leave the town.他们秘密决定离开这个城市。They decided to leave the town secretly.他们决定秘密地离开这个城市。He answered the questions foolishly.他对这个问题作了愚蠢的回答。He foolishly answered the questions.他愚蠢地回答了这个问题。(4) 有的方式副词(如gently, quietly, slowly, suddenly等)有时可位于句首，以达到某种戏剧性的效果(这主要见于书面语中)：Suddenly, the driver started the engine.突然地，司机启动了发动机。 四、频度副词1.频度副词的特点频度副词表示动作发生的次数，常见有的ever, never, rarely, seldom, once, often, occasionally, constantly, frequently, usually, continually, always等。2.频度副词在句中的位置频度副词通常位于实意动词之前，动词be、助动词、情态动词之后：He often comes to see us.他常来看我们。He is seldom late for school.他上学很少迟到。有时为了强调，频度副词也可位于动词be、助动词等之前：She always was late.她老是迟到。有的频度副词可位于句末(尤其受very, only修饰时)：I get paid on Fridays usually.我通常在星期五领工资。We go out very seldom.我们很少外出。Do you go to the cinema very often?你常去看电影吗? 有的频度副词(如sometimes, often, usually, frequently, occasionally等)可位于句首(此时多半是因为强调或对比)：Sometimes he went there by bus.有时他坐公共汽车去那儿。Very often the phone rings when Im in the bath.电话经常在我洗澡时响。【注】含有否定意义的频度副词置于句首时，其后要用倒装语序：Never have I been there.我从未去过那儿。Seldom does he see a film.他很少看电影。另外，频度副词always和 never通常不位于句首，除非是祈使句：Always remember this.时刻记住这一点。Never go out at night.晚上千万不要出去。3.频度副词在否定句中的位置在否定句中，有的频度副词可位于否定词not之后或之前(如usually, often)，有的频度副词则必须位于否定词之后(如always, constantly, continually, continuously，均含有“连续不断”之意)，而有的频度副词却必须要位于否定词not之前(如sometimes, frequently)： He doesnt usually come here. / He usually doesnt come here.他通常不来这儿。She doesnt always come late.她并非总是迟到。(不能说 always doesnt)He is sometimes not responsible for what he does.他有时对所做的事不负责任。 五、程度副词1.程度副词的特点程度副词用于表示程度，常见的有 fairly, pretty, rather, quite, very, much, too, greatly, almost, nearly, half, highly, awfully, deeply, partly, perfectly, really等。2.程度副词的用法注意点(1) 程度副词主要用于修饰形容词和副词，有的还可修饰比较级(如much, rather等)和最高级(如quite, much, almost等)：Houses are much more expensive these days.如今的房价贵多了。This is quite much the most expensive radio here.这是这里最贵的收音机。【注】quite有时也修饰比较级，但只用于quite better(身体康复)这一表达。(2) 有的程度副词(如quite, rather, almost等)可修饰动词，但有的(如fairly, pretty, very等)则不能修饰动词：I quite agree with you.我完全同意你的意见。(不用fairly, pretty, very)We rather like the film.我们很喜欢这部电影。(不用fairly, pretty, very)(3) 个别的程度副词(主要是quite和rather)还可修饰名词(注意词序)：Its quite rather a good idea. / Its a quite rather good idea.那可真是个好主意。若此结构中没有形容词，则 quite和 rather则只能放在冠词之前：It was quite rather a success.那事相当成功。 六、连接副词1.连接副词的分类连接副词可分为两类，一类是用于连接句子或从句，常见的有therefore, besides, otherwise, however, moreover, still, thus, meanwhile等；另一类是用于引导从句或不定式，主要的有when, why, where, how等。2.连接句子或从句的连接副词其性质类似于并列连词，使用时其前通常用分号或句号；若其前用逗号，则通常带有并列连词(如and)：I dont like it; besides, its too expensive.我不喜欢它，而且也太贵了。We all tried our best; however, we lost the game. / We all tried our best. However, we lost the game.我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。注意，有的连接副词(如however等)后通常有逗号与句子的其他成分隔开。另外，这类副词有的还可位于句中或句末：He may, however, come later.不过，他也许一会儿就到。We all tried out best. We lost the game, however.我们都已尽了最大的努力，不过我们还是输了。Peter is our youngest child, and we have three others besides.彼特是我们最小的孩子，我们另外还有三个。 3.引导从句和不定式的连接副词用于引导从句(名词性从句)或不定式的连接副词主要有when, why, where, how等：Tell me when we shall leave. / Tell me when to leave.告诉我什么时候离开。I dont know how I can find him. / I dont know how to find him.我不知道如何找到他。Where we can get the money is just our problem. / Where to get the money is just our problem.到哪里去弄这笔钱正是我们头痛的事。Thats why he speaks English so well.那就是他为什么英语讲得这么好的原因。【注】连接副词why后不能接不定式，如可说 I dont know why I must leave.(我不知道我为什么必须离开)，但不能说 I dont know why to leave。 七、关系副词1.关系副词的特点关系副词用于引出定语从句，主要有when, where, why：Sunday is the day when very few people go to work.星期日是没什么人上班的日子。Thats the reason why he dislikes me.这就是他不喜欢我的原因。Do you know a shop where I can find sandals?你知道哪家商店我能找到凉鞋吗？【注】关系副词用于引出定语从句，且在从句中用作状语。关系副词when表示时间，where表示地点，why表示原因。2.使用关系副词的注意点(1) how不能用作关系副词，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词置于the way后表示方式：他说话就是那个样子。误：This is the way how he spoke.正：This is how he spoke. / This is the way (that, in which) he spoke. (2) 关系副词when和where既可引导限制性定语从句，也可引导非限制性定语从句，但why只能引导限制性定语从句，不能引导非限制性定语从句(若引导非限制性定语从句，可用for which reason)。(3) 引导定语从句时，when的先行词为时间，where的先行词为地点，why的先行词为原因(主要是the reason)，但是反过来却不一定：Dont forget the time (that) Ive told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。This is the house (that) he bought recently.这就是他最近买的那座房子。Please tell me the reason (that) you know.请告诉我你所知道的原因吧。八、疑问副词1.疑问副词的特点疑问副词有when, where, why, how等，用于引出特殊疑问句：Where do you come from?你是哪里人？When will it be ready?这什么时候能准备好？Why was she crying?她刚才为什么哭？2.两类易混句型的区别。请看以下两句：Where do you think he has gone?你认为他去什么地方了？Do you know when he will come?你知道他什么时候来吗？ 上面第一句为特殊疑问句，第二句为一般疑问句，它们不能倒过来说成Do you think where he has gone? When do you know he will come?其区别是：可以用 yes或 no回答者，用一般疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句中，即主句之后)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 know, hear, ask, tell等；不能用 yes或 no回答者，用特殊疑问句的形式(疑问词放在句首)，适合这类句型的主句动词通常有 think, believe, suppose, guess等。3.使用疑问副词的注意点(1) 疑问副词用于引导特殊疑问句，通常位于句首，但有时也不一定：Without friends where are we?没有朋友我们会怎样？(2) 疑问副词引导特殊疑问句时，其后应接一般疑问句，但有时可有所省略：Why argue with him?为什么要与跟他争吵？Why not ask the teacher? / Why dont you ask the teacher?为什么不问问老师呢？【注】Why或Why not后接动词原形，不接带to不定式，主要用于现在或将来，不用于过去，如不说 why not tell me yesterday?应改为Why didnt you tell me yesterday?(昨天为什么不告诉我?)(3) 有时两个疑问副词连用：When and where were you born?你生于何时何地？ 九、句子副词1.句子副词的特点句子副词用于修饰句子(而不是修饰某个单词)，反映说话人的观点和看法，如 actually, certainly, clearly, definitely, evidently, fortunately, frankly, honestly, luckily, obviously, perhaps, possibly, probably, surely, undoubtedly, unexpectedly等。2.句子副词在句中的位置句子副词通常位于句首(或分句句首)：Obviously he cant tell the difference between them.显然他无法区别两者的不同。I arrived late but luckily the meeting had been delayed.我迟到了，幸而会议推迟了。但有些句子副词也可以出现在句中：He smiled nastily. He evidently knew something I didnt.他发出狞笑，他显然知道一些我所不知道的事。有的句子副词也可用作其他种类的副词，不过这往往会导致位置和语义的变化：Clearly he didnt say so.显然他没有这样说。(句子副词)He didnt say so clearly.他说得没有那么清楚。(方式副词)Frankly, you are wrong.说实在的，你错了。(句子副词)He spoke frankly about his past life.他坦率地谈了他过去的生活。(方式副词)副词在句中可用作哪些成分 1.用作状语The evening passed quickly.晚上很快过去了。We must think about this seriously.我们应认真考虑此事。2.用作表语The war is over.战争结束了He isnt up yet.他还没起床。3.用作宾语They dont like strangers round here.他们不喜欢这周围有陌生人。Theres a fine view from here.从这里可以看到一片美丽的景色。I havent been able to do that up till now.到现在为止我还没能这样做。By then he was more than fifty years of age.那时他已五十多岁。副词用作宾语的用法十分有限，通常只用作介词宾语，并且只限于某些表示时间和地点的副词，而且不同的副词有不同的搭配特点。 4.用作宾语补足语I need this tooth out.我需要拔掉这颗牙。Everybody was glad to see him back.看到他回来大家都很高兴。一般说来，能用作表语的副词都可用作宾语补足语。如：He went to see her but found that she was out. =He went to see her but found her out.他去看她，但发现她不在家。5.用作定语()Read the paragraph below.阅读下面的短文。We had to get off and take the bus behind.我们得下车转搭后面的车。副词用作定语总是放在被修饰名词之后，如the above passage / the passage above都可表示“上面的段落”，但前者的above前置，为形容词；后者的above后置，为副词。副词在句中的位置特点 1. 表示时间或地点的副词一般放在句尾，并且，地点在前时间在后，地点和时间的内部，又按从小到大的顺序排列。强调时，它们也可放在句首。如：Will you be free tomorrow? 你明天有空吗?He lives at 75 Xiangchun Road, Changsha. 他住在长沙市湘春路75号。2. 频度副词一般放在行为动词之前，助动词、情态动词或动词be之后。如：He sometimes goes there on business. 他有时到那里出差。He has never been late. 他从未迟到过。 I was never very good at maths. 我的数学从来不好。(from )注：若为了强调，有时可钭频度副词放在句首，但值得注意的是，当never, seldom 等含有否定意义的副词放在句首时，句子须部分倒装。如：Never have I read such a book. 我从未读过那样的书。3. 程度副词一般放在所修饰的形容词或副词之前，助动词、情态动词或系动词be之后。如：The film was quite good. 那影片相当好。The lecture was fairly good. 报告相当不错。Its a rather sad story. 这是一个相当凄惨的故事。注：修饰动词的程度副词则通常放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：I dont like coffee very much. = I dont very much like coffee. 我不太喜欢喝咖啡。另外，enough修饰形容词或副词时，永远置于其后后。如：Will you be kind enough to shut the door? 可否劳驾把门关上?Its clear enough what he meant. 他是什么意思很清楚。(from )4. 修饰动词的方式副词一般放在动词(及其宾语)之后，有时也放在动词之前。如：We must learn to speak English fluently and correctly. 我们应当学讲流利正确的英语。They warmly welcomed me at their offices. 他们在办公室热烈欢迎了我。5. 由动词与副词一