句型(初中英语).doc

(句子Sentences句子：是由词按语法规则构成的一个语言单位。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。包括主语（subject谓语(Verb表语(Predicative)宾语Object宾语补足语(Object Complement定语和状语句子分 类句 型例 题 解 析 注 意 事 项按目的分陈述句肯定句 语序： 主+谓+ 其它She goes to school by bike every day 否定句 语序： 主+ be/助（do/does/did/have）/情（can/will/）+ not +谓+其它She to school by bike every day疑问句一般问句语序 以be/助（do/does/did/have）/情（can/will/）开头+主+谓+其它 she to school by bike every day?特殊疑问句：语序：以疑问词开头+一般问句 She to school every day?选择疑问句：语序：一般问句+or +选择部分（省略的一般问句）？（用on foot转变选择问句）反意疑问句 语序：陈述句（肯/否）+简短问句（否/肯）She goes to school by bike every day, ? 祈使句的反意问句特例？祈使句肯定祈使句： 常见的是用动词原形开头+其它 Give me a cup of coffee, please.否定祈使句： Dont +动词原形+其它 give me a cup of tea, please.感叹句 What (a/an)+形+ 名（单）！What decious food! What an interesting story! How + 形/副+ 主+谓！ （ 这两种感叹句一般可以转换）How ! How !按结构分简单句（主语+谓语）1主+谓（S+V） He can swim2主+谓+宾（S+V+O） （宾语是动作的对象） She plays the piano3主+系+表（S+V+P）（表语是说明主语是什么或怎么样） The days get longer and longer4主+谓+间宾+直宾 （S+V+IO+DO） Mother gave me a red pen.5主+谓+宾+宾补 （S+V+O+OC）We must keep classroom clean. He calls me Tom并列句简单句+并列连词（常见并列连词but, and, or,so）+简单句 Hurry up , or youll be late. I liked the story very much but LiMing didnt like it.复合句主句+连词+从句（从属于主句并充当主句的一个成分）状语从句时间状从 从属连词有when,while,as,since,after,before,as soon as, untillI didnt go to bed until midnight yesterday.条件状从(if,unless=if not引导)（提醒：在时间和条件状从句中，要遵循主将从现的原则）If he is all right tomorrow, he will come. I will not go unless I hear from him.原因状从(由because表明直接原因且跟在主句后，不用逗号隔开。since, as, 常位主句前，表示较明显的原因，for在主句后，用逗开与主句分开，不是直接而推断)Tom was not at school yesterday because he was ill.Since everyone is here, Lets beginAs he had no car, she stayed at home. I slept soon, for I was tired.目的、结果状从（so that, so/suchthat, in order that引导）The weather is so nice that all of us want to go to the park.=Its such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park.让步状从（由though,although，even if(即使) however, no matter what 引导It was not very cold although/though it was snowing.比较状从主要运用于形容词和副词的原级比较级最高级的句中.He runs as fast as you . The more you speak, the better youll speak.宾语从句主句+that+陈述句She is sure that she can win the game.主句+if/whether+陈述句(if whether可以互换,但特例情况下须用whether)I wonder if you can show us around your school主句+wh+陈述句Please tell me when you were born.宾语从句的三大原则：语序：陈述句 时态的一致性 引导词 He thinks he can go with you（否）， 难点：前置否定的宾从变反意问句，反意疑问句主谓语要与从句一致，否则与主句一致I believe he is a student(否)，定语从句由关系代词或副词引导的句子修饰一个名词或代词的从句。从句放在被修饰的词之后。思考步骤：一 找出先行词二 确定关系词三 明确关系词在从句中所担任的成分，以确定关系代词的格四 最后确定定语从句的时态，人称和数关系词：引导定从的词。它们是：who,whose whom,which ,that,when, why, where起着代词和连词的作用。既代替前面的先行词的意义又起连接作用。先行词：被定从修饰的词。先行词指物用that,which,指人用that,who/whomthat和which 一般互用，但在一些特殊情况下，只用that,或which练习：一、按要求给句：1 They had fish and vegetables for lunch yesterday.(改为否定句)2 Hes worked here for ten years.(就划线部分提问)3 Today is March 19, 2007. （同上)4 Let us have a rest , ？ ( 写出反意问句)5 Lets have a rest, ？(同上)6 Dont forget to turn off the lights. （同上）7 Open the window, （同上） 8 These buildings are very expensive.(变成感叹句)9 They had an exciting football game just now.(同上)10 He watched TV yesterday.(play computer games变成选择问句)二、简单句的五种基本句型1. Children like playing basketball.2. Birds can fly3. He gave Tom a present4. The teacher taught me how to read the word.5. He gave us a lot of help.6. The map is on the wall of our classroom 三、将下列各句合并成含有定语从句的句子1. They saw a good film last week. The film was directed by Zhang Yimou2.The school is a famous school. Her son is studying in the school.3.That is the reason. I want to go to shanghai.4.The university is getting more and more beautiful. Jordan studied.5.The boy is from New York. His trousers are yellow.6.We are going to look for a woman. The woman can mend shoes.7. The books sell well, She wrote some books.四将下列句子变成宾语从句：1. He has been to Xian twice. He told us.2. Where does Peter live now? Do you know?3. Are you a doctor or a nurse ? He asks.4. Whats the matter, Peter? She asked5. You have passed the exam, He is glad.6. Who can catch that bird? She asked7. Did they stay up too late last night? Shed like to know8. What do they do with the old books? Can you tell me?9. Does she work hard at school ? Her father asked10. How can you get to the railway station? Theyd like to know四、改错题1. If it will be fine tomorrow, well go to the zoo.2.As soon as he finish the work, he will come to see us.3.Although they are students, but they are not paying attention in class.4.I really dont know where does he work.5.She gave up English since it was too difficult for her.6.She is so a beautiful girl that everybody likes her.7.It was five years since he became a Young Pioneer.8.She is one of the tallest girl that I have ever seen.9.The bike she bought it yesterday is made in Japan.10.We have left our home for four weeks.11.She is enough strong to carry it 12.Could you tell me when does your father get up everyday?13.He said that he will come to my home this evening.14.These books are too difficult to read them15.We dont think they have passed the test, dont they?16.Im going to the USA which I want to work.17.The teacher who he is giving a talk to the students is Mr Zhang.18.This is the dictionary that /whichI want to buy it.19.Dont late for school20. He doesnt his homework in the evening21.I hadnt breakfast this morning.22. What terrible the weather is!23.I dont think you are ri