外文翻译--中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究

1 中文 3220 字 本科毕业设计（论文） 外文翻译 Research on the Present Situation and Measures for Sustainable Development of China Ecotourism ZOU Xiaoling School of Economic Management Henan Polytechnic University jiaozuoHenna,P.R.China,454000 rudz-xl163 Com Abstract： As an inevitable trend of the sustainable development of tourism, Eco-tourism has become a mainstream of international tourism in the 2l the century, but a lot of problems still exist in the growth of China s Eco-tourism This paper firstly explains the connotation of Eco-tourism and then analyzes the main problems of it at present in China from four aspects Based on the series of problems in Eco-tourism reality, developing and operating modes suitable for the Eco-tourism in China is lastly put forward Keywords ： Eco-tourism ； Sustainable development ； Natural Surroundings ； Countermeasures 1 Instruction Eco-tourism is a new type of traveling which thrives rapidly and has become the focus in the tourist circle As sustainable tourism, eco-tourism is considered as the top and inevitable choice in the realization of sustainable development of tourism and therefore draws rich worldwide attention and obtains rapid growth, which makes it the mainstream of international tourism in the 21 the century However, in the course of its development, a lot of problems still need further probing to realize sustainable development 2 Connotation of Eco-tourism Eco-tourism is a thoroughly new type of traveling which comes into being and is advocated due to the influence that traveling has on the environment The concept of earlier eco-tourism refers to the idea of returning to nature” and“ going back to 2 plainness” in tourism, which stresses the exploitation of natural sightings in tourism development In recent years， Eco-tourism is defined by International Eco-tourism Society as traveling with double responsibilities of reserving natural environment and the life of local people what the Eco-tourism stresses is the protection of natural sightings，and it can be called sustainable traveling Frangialli, General Secretary of World Tourism Organization of UN， pointed out in the world Eco-tourism summit,“ Eco-tourism and its sustainable development bear imminent tasks in three aspects： economically， stimulate the economy and cut down the number of the poor； socially, create jobs for the vulnerable groups； environmentally, provide necessary financial report for the protection of natural and cultural resources All those involved in Eco-tourism should work with joint effort for the realization of the three objectives” Eco-tourism has a lot in common with sustainable development, to be specific the objective of the former is to realize the latter 3 Problems with the eco-tourism in China China has favorable conditions for eco-tourism development： first, it has a great number of potential travelers。 and the demand for eco-tourism is on the increase with the awakening of peoples ecological awareness； secondly, it possesses rich eco-tourism resources. The results obtained by China National Committee of Man and Biosphere(MAB)of UNESCO in its investigation in more than 100 nature reserves of provincial or higher levels indicate that 82 of the reserves have been in the formal business of tourism, and 12 of the reserves has more than 100， 000 travelers annually Eco-tourism in the nature reserves in China is now in the ascendant with the annual travelers close to 25 millions and the annual income approximating 520 millions Yuan Some of the reserves are playing the leading role in stimulating the local tourism Due to the short history of the tourism development in China, people still lack scientific understanding of the relation between traveling and environment and the eco-tourism development is still in its infancy Stresses are put on traveling in nature and exploiting traveling resources， while the influence on environment and damage on resources that traveling itself has are ignored Actually, tourism development has brought serious pollution to the environment and triggered a series of problem in reality, about which a lot of experts and scholars are concerned Problems in ecological tourism development are analyzed in four main aspects from the perspective of the objectives to 3 be achieved in ecological tourism 4 Explore a sustainable development of eco-tourism To have a sustainable development, the eco-tourism should be in harmony with nature without being at the cost of the environment There should be a proper pace of development, a limited number of tourists permitted and stronger environmental awareness Otherwise, too many tourists will bring overburden to the spots and destroy the surroundings indispensable for eco-tourism Accordingly, the sustainable development of eco-tourism will not be accomplished Based on the serious of problems in eco-tourism, we should focus on establishing developing and operating modes suitable for the eco-tourism in China and on correcting the inappropriate practice in its development 4 1 Strengthen legislation on eco-tourism, environmental management and scientific plan Legislation should be strengthened since vulnerable areas in ecological system are involved in eco-tourism zone It is an emergency to set up laws and regulations on eco-tourism development and supervision based on the existing laws of nature reserves and forest parks Taking nature reserves as an example， the surrounding management related to eco-tourism should be operated on different stages There are different focuses on different stages in aspects of surrounding management in project initiation stage and construction stage， in ecological monitoring and post-evaluation after the business starts In eco-tourism projecting， a team professional in ecological projecting can guarantee a good program, and voices from different interest groups should be listened and coordinated 。 Meanwhile ， as a special program, the eco-tourism project should subordinate to the general planning of the reserves or forest parks Before projecting, a serious of tasks should be finished Feasibility should be studied and traveling resource value and its market potential and the effect of tourist development on surroundings should be investigated and assessed Then projects of various kinds consistent with the eco-tourism objective should be designed, such as the land using project, sight project, water resource and energy project and environmental protection project, etc 4.2 Establish a special operating mode of enterprise engaged in eco-tourism developing and operating Multiple objectives should be taken into consideration when developing eco-tourism 4 products. Therefore， enterprises engaged in eco-tourism development and operation should not just chase for direct profit, they should carry on humanistic care in their strategic objective and hold the concept of green business in their operation and take it as their brand mark when establishing their image in the market Green business can be achieved through the developing and operating mode by which the eco-tourism enterprises bring the influence on surroundings down to the minimum in their operation For example, youth hotels and family inns which an less influential on surroundings are applicable for lodging To be green-business restaurants， selling of wild life and plants under protection should be prohibited and services going against the local custom and culture are not provided there Feasible authorization systems or free-will-based criteria like ecological symbol can be adopted in marketing of eco-tourism enterprises so as to show to the potential customers their consistence with the sustainable development principle and the reliability of their products and services. 4.3 Establish a training system of employees engaged in coo-tourism to make the locals involved It is impossible to stimulate the sustainable development of the local economy by exploiting ecological tourist zones if the locals are excluded from the exploitation and management The locals are the foundation of eco-tourism development as well as the alternative to improve the local employment and economy, and taking them into the exploitation and management of it is a key to its success. The high professional standards of ecological exploitation and management requires the establishment of the training system of people engaged in eco-tourism, which is an important bridge of converting the local labor force and a critical link to get the local truly involved The ecological tourist zone training system should be categorized into three levels：firstly, training of administrative staff Administrative staff includes those from the administrative department in charge of tourist zone surroundings and high-level managerial staff from the eco-tourism enterprises. The training can take the form of borrowing external brains like inviting ecological or tourist experts at regular intervals to give lectures or training classes Secondly is training of common employees Common employees are trained in the 5 regulation and requirements of eco-tourism zones and operation regulation of the enterprises in the principle of on-the-spot conversion The training can take the form of studying occupational traveling schools or traveling colleges funded with money got from the eco-tourism profit under the feedback mechanism And also the enterprises can hold on-the-job training to achieve the same goal Thirdly, popularize environmental protection knowledge among the locals It would be more acceptable to the locals if the concept of environment -friendly eco-tourism is combined with local culture and custom in various forms like publicity and education windows， broadcasting and television etc The locals are supposed to participate in the exploitation and management of eco-tourism like lodging reception, special transportation, tourist shopping and other traveling tours with local cultural characteristics and their opinions should also be considered in the determination of eco-tourism exploitation 4.4 Strengthen tourist management and provide eco-tourism market education Chinas tourists still lack environmental protection awareness at present, which will easily lead to the damage of ecological system and requires strict tourist management The management can be done in the following three aspects： Firstly, guide tourists by economic means like tickets and technical means like route planning and separated area planning in accordance with the environment bearing capability of the scenic spots to realize rational allocation of time and space and achieve the goal of not destroying the internal ecological system of the scenic spots Secondly, give tourists environment education by using showcases， video， posters，books， pamphlets and tourist guide interpreting system in the scenic spots Inform the tourists of the regulation they have to obey clearly before the tour starts It would be effective to educate and influence the tourists with the doings of the eco-tourism enterprise working staff and the environmental protection atmosphere in the surrounding communities Thirdly, law, regulation and systems should be set up in eco-tourism scenic spots to restrict tourists and avoid negative effects on the surroundings The implementation of the above measures can foster responsible tourists and serves as a market education means of eco-tourism It will necessarily accelerate the rising and 6 maturity of the eco-tourism market in China 4.5 Set up supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling experts Eco-tourism demands developing and operating professionals and strong scientific support It is unrealistic for traveling enterprises to supply for a large number of researchers As a professional traveling type， on the one hand, eco-tourism should get technical innovation with the progress of environmental protection industry and apply its newest technology to the production； on the other hand, to minimize the influence traveling has on ecology, they have to undertake regular test, research and comparison of environment Additionally, eco-tourism research agencies are not qualified for the long-term management in the spots Therefore， it is quite necessary to establish supplementary systems under the plan and guidance of ecological and traveling experts As far as specific practice is concerned， first eco-tourism spots should establish friendly relation with research agencies whose experts the spots invite as their consultants or they set up think tank to provide guidance and consultation The experts or think tank make suggestion for the development of eco-tourism at the early stage of projecting and exploitation, provide environment reports for the administrative departments in charge of the spots regularly, and give proposals to rectify the actual deviations Second, strengthen the communication between eco-tourism administrative departments and research agencies Establish mechanism of cooperation between eco-tourism administrative departments and research agencies to strengthen innovative research of eco-tourism theories， promote technical and administrative innovation of eco-tourism and set down scientific regulation and technical standards of eco-tourism Through cooperation in the two aspects， research results of eco-tourism will be fully applied and a large number of experts and scholars be involved in the supplementary systems 5 Conclusion As a new economic growth point， eco-tourism promotes the development of tourism and helps enhance the local economic growth and gains support from governments of different levels. What must be done at present is to establish legal and regulation systems of eco-tourism to make all the work concerned with it legalized to achieve the goal of 7 legal establishment, legal operation and legal management To the projects which don t follow the requirement and damage the natural scenery resources， there should be rectification to lead them to the healthy developing way For the reason that China is still a toddler in eco-tourism and the theory and practice is at the exploring stage， the sustainable development of eco-tourism is a complicated and systematic project which has a long way to go In the process of implementation, we should use foreign advanced experiences for reference and have worldwide exchange to seek international cooperation and aid based on our national situation and the principle of Self-reliance By forging ahead with the developmental spirit call we achieve ecological protection and its permanent utility and the sustainable development of ecological tourism 二、翻译文章 中国生态旅游可持续发展的现状和措施的研究 邹晓玲 河南焦作理工大学 经济管理干部学院 邮编 ： 454000 摘要： 作为一种 旅游业可持续发展的必然趋势，生态旅游已成为 21 世纪国际旅游的主流，但是，日益增长中的中国生态旅游存在着很多问题。本文首先解释了生态旅游的基本内涵，然后从四个方面分析中国生态旅游发展现状中存在的主要问题。基于发展生态旅游存在一系列问题的现实 ,在文章的最后提出了适合中国生态旅游的开发和经营模式。 关键词： 生态旅游 ， 可持续发展 ， 自然环境 ， 对策 1 引言 生态旅游作为一种新型 的 发展迅速 的旅游方式 已成为旅游圈的焦点。 生态旅游作为可持续旅游被认为是在实现旅游业可持续发展的必然选择，吸引全世界的关注并获得快速增长，这使得 它成为 21 世纪国际旅游的主流，然而在其发展过程中 很多问题还需要进一步探索，以实现可持续发展。 2 生态旅游的内涵 8 生态旅游作为一种彻底的新型的旅游方式出现，对环境产生 了一些 影响。早期生态旅游的概念指 的是“回归自然”、“回归朴实”，其中强调在旅游发展中开发自然风景。近年来，国际生态旅游协会定义生态旅游 为 具有保留自然环境和当地居民生活的双重责任。生态旅游注重自然的保护，也可以叫做可持续旅游。联合国世界旅游组织秘书长 弗朗加利 ，在世界生态旅游峰会上指出：“生态旅游与可持续发展承担三个方面的任务：经济，刺激经济和减少 贫困人口数量。社会，为弱势群体创造就业机会；环境，为天然和文化资源的保护提供必要的财政 报告。所有关联到生态旅游的元素应与参与工作的三个目标共同实现。” 生态旅游与可持续发展具有很多共同点，前者是细节，目标是实现后者。 3 中国生态旅游的问题 中国具有生态旅游发展的有利条件：首先，它有大量潜在的旅客。并且生态旅游的需求与 生态觉悟日渐加强 ； 其次 ，它拥有 丰 富的生态旅游资源。人与生物圈计划 委员会 （ MAB）教科文组织在其 100 多个省级以上级别的自然保护区调查结果表明， 全国 储备了 82 个正式的商务旅游，并且有 12 个储备 地 年年超过 100,000 个旅客。生态旅游在中国自然保护区发展了接近 25 年，年收入 52000 万元的储备。其中部分储备在 刺激地方旅游业 方面发挥主导作用 。 由于旅游业在中国发展的历史很短，人们对旅游和环境之间的关系仍然缺乏科学的理解。并且生态旅游发展 初期， 重点在自然旅游和开发旅游资源，而 忽略 了旅游对环境本身的影响和破坏 。实际上， 很多专家和学者关注到，旅游业开发给环境带来了严重的污染及 一系列的问题。 4 生态旅游可持续发展的探索 要想有可持续发展，生态旅游发展应该与自然一致，不能以环境为代价。应该有发展的适当的步幅， 限制旅游者数量，强化环保意识。否则， 过多游客 将带来过重的负担并且毁坏周围不可缺少的生态旅游资源， 相应地， 生态旅游的可持续发展是 不会成功的。基于生态旅游的严肃问题，我们应该集中精力开发适用于中国生态旅游的操作方式并且改正不适合实际发展的做法。 4.1 加强关于生态旅游、环境管理和科学计划 应该加强 在生态学系统中脆弱的生态旅游区域 的 立法 。基于现有的自然区域和森林公园法律 ， 设定生态旅游 发展 的法律和规定显得很紧急。以自然保护为例，与 9 生态旅游有关的周围环境的管理应分为不同的阶段。环境管理不同的阶段有不同的侧重点，项目启 蒙阶段和建筑阶段，生态监督和建后评估。 根据生态旅游预测，一个生态计划的专家团队能够设计出一个好的项目 并协调好不同的利益集团。与此同时，作为一项特别计划，生态旅游项目应服从于保护区或森林公园的总体规划。预测之前，要先完成一系列的工作 ： 要进行可行性研究、旅游资源价值评估、市场潜力预测和对周围环境的影响的调查。应设计与生态旅游的目标一致的各种项目，如土地使用项目，景观规划，水资源和能源项目和环保项目等。 4.2 对从事生态旅游开发和经营的企业建立一个特殊的运行模式 发展生态旅游产品时应采取多个目标。因此，企