【备战】高中英语 分类突破赢高考8.doc

备战2014英语分类突破赢高考8名词性从句的几个难点that通常不可省略的三种情况(1)引导主语从句，that置于句首时。that he failed in the exam made his parents disappointed.他考试不及格让父母很失望。(2)当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略。i wished (that) we could go sighting in hangzhou this summer and that we could buy some books on our way back in shanghai.我希望今年夏天我们能去杭州旅游，并在返程时在上海买些书回来。(3)由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that也不可省略。he has made it clear that he wouldnt agree to the plan.他已清楚表明不同意这项计划。what和that在名词性从句中的区别 (1)what在名词性从句中可充当主语、宾语和表语，意义上相当于the thing(s) that，引导主语从句时，其谓语动词的单复数由表语的单复数而定；what引导的从句可作介词的宾语从句。what he wants are those books.他需要的是那些书。what he wants is some water.他需要的是一些水。a modern city has been set up in what was a wasteland ten years ago.一个现代化的城市已经在10年前还是一块废地的地方建造起来了。(2)that不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用，无任何意义；引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，谓语动词用单数；引导宾语从句时，常被省略；that从句一般不充当介词宾语，偶尔可作except，in的宾语。that she will refuse the offer seems unlikely.(it seems unlikely that she will refuse the offer.)她不可能拒绝那个建议。i have found (that) all the tickets have been sold out.我发现所有的票已售完。he is a good student except that he is a little bit careless.除了有点粗心之外，他是一个好学生。whether与if的用法比较(1)二者均可作“是否”讲，都可以引导名词性从句，引导宾语从句可以互换。i dont know whether/if hell attend the meeting.我不知道他是否会出席会议。(2)在下列情况下，常用whether，不用if。whether引导从句可以放于句首。whether he comes or not makes no difference.他来不来都一样。whether可引导表语从句和同位语从句，if不可。the question whether he should join the team has not been decided upon.他是否入队的问题还没决定。the question is whether it is worth trying.问题是这是否值得一试。whether可以作介词宾语，if则不可。i havent settled the question of whether ill lend him the money.关于是否借给他钱的问题，我还没最后决定。whether后可以加不定式，if不可。he didnt know whether to get married or to wait.他不知道是该结婚还是该等待。可以说whether.or引导让步状语从句，“无论，不论”，if则不可。whether it rains or snows，i dont care.无论下雨还是下雪，我都不在乎。that引导的定语从句和同位语从句的区别(1)that 作为关系代词引导定语从句，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语，作宾语时常可省略；that引导同位语从句时，起连词作用，无实义，也不作句子的任何成分，一般不能省略。the news (that) he told me surprised me.(定语从句)他告诉我的消息让我很吃惊。the news that he gave in surprised me.(同位语从句)他投降的消息让我很吃惊。(2)能跟同位语从句的通常是抽象名词，常见的有belief(信念)，fact(事实)，idea(想法)，hope(希望)，doubt(怀疑)，news(新闻)，problem(问题)，order(命令)，decision(决定)，discovery(发现)，information(信息)，knowledge(知识)，opinion(观点)，truth(事实)，report(报道)，thought(想法)等，同位语从句用于说明这些名词的具体内容。而跟定语从句的名词则范围广泛。the fact that the transport of the goods cost too much was not discussed.运费太高这一事实没有被讨论。we have strong belief that we will win the war.我们对能赢得这场战争抱有坚定的信心。we have some doubt whether they can come on time.我们怀疑他们是否能准时来。1 the fact has worried many scientists_the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.awhatbwhichcthat dthough【解析】本题考查同位语从句。句意为：近年来全球气候不断变暖，这一事实使得很多科学家感到担忧。该题同位语从句结构完整，故选连词that。【答案】c2 at first he hated the new job but decided to give himself a few months to see_it got any better.awhen bhowcwhy dif【解析】句意为：一开始他不喜欢这份新工作，但还是决定给自己几个月的时间来看一看是否情况会有好转。此题考查宾语从句。从句中不缺少时间、地点、原因，排除a、b、c三项。d项表示“是否”，符合题意。【答案】d3 it is obvious to the students_they should get well prepared for their future.aas bwhichcwhether dthat【解析】句意为：显然，学生们应该为他们的未来做好充分的准备。that引导主语从句，在从句中不作句子成分，it是形式主语。as引导定语从句或状语从句；which引导名词性从句时，意为：哪个(些)；whether是否，在此句中如用此词，则语义矛盾。【答案】d4 many young people in the west are expected to leave_could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.aas bthatcwhich dwhat【解析】分析句子结构，leave需要一个宾语；could be需要一个主语，所以要选一个能引导宾语从句且能在句子中作主语的词，只有what能满足要求。【答案】d5 could i speak to_is in charge of international sales，please?aanyone bsomeonecwhoever dno matter who【解析】句意为“我可以同负责管理国际销售部的人谈一谈吗？”句中to为介词，其后是名词性从句，而从句中缺少主语和关联词，故选c。no matter who引导状语从句。【答案】c6 is there any possibility_you could pick me up at the airport?no problem.awhen bthatcwhether dwhat【解析】句意为：你到机场来接我行吗？没问题。that引导同位语从句，说明possibility的内容。【答案】b7 we should consider the studentsrequest_the school library provide more books on popular science.athat bwhencwhich dwhere【解析】句意为：我们应当考虑学生们的要求，即学校图书馆应该多提供关于大众科学方面的书籍。此题考查名词性从句。名词request后的同位语从句句子结构完整，不缺任何成分，故用that引导。【答案】a8 news came from the school office_wang lin had been admitted to beijing university.awhich bwhatcthat dwhere【解析】句意为：学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。这是一道考查同位语从句的题目，news是同位语从句的先行词。【答案】c9 a good friend of mine from_i was born showed up at my home right before i left for beijing.ahow bwhomcwhen dwhich【解析】句意为：在我正要动身去北京前，我幼时的一个好朋友来我家里了。从句意分析，选择when表示从我出生时就是我的一个好朋友。【答案】c10 many young people in the west are expected to leave_could be lifes most important decisionmarriagealmost entirely up to luck.aas bthatcwhich dwhat【解析】分析句子结构，leave需要一个宾语；could be需要一个主语，所以要选一个能引导宾语从句且能在句子中作主语的词，只有what能满足要求。【答案】d1 the information will be helpful to_will take over the job.athose bwhocwhoever danyone【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：无论谁接管这份工作，这一信息都将对他有帮助。“whoever will take over the job”是介词to的宾语，whoever在从句中作主语。如果选择a、d两项，需要在后面加上who。【答案】c2 the painting is so valuable that it is difficult to calculate_its price would be.athat bwhichcwhat d/【解析】考查名词性从句。这里用what引导宾语从句，并在从句中作表语。这画太名贵了，很难估量其价格。【答案】c3(2010届郑州一中月考)_you dont like him is none of my business.awhat bifcthat dwhether【解析】考查名词性从句。that引导主语从句，在从句中不作成分；what引导主语从句时充当句中成分；if不能引导主语从句；whether引导的主语从句应是肯定句。由语意可知c项正确。【答案】c4 the media today can draw public attention to_help is actually needed.athat bwhichcwhere dwhose【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词，结合题干，where引导宾语从句并且在宾语从句中作地点状语。【答案】c5 _medicine works in a human body is a question_not everyone can understand fully.ahow；that bthat；whichcwhat；which dwhat；that【解析】how在句中引导主语从句；that引导定语从句，修饰限定question。句意为：药物是如何作用于人体的，这个问题并不是每个人都能完全理解的。【答案】a6i think its going to be an argument.yes，it could be.i wonder_we can do about it.awhat bhowcwhen dwhether【解析】考查名词性从句。what引导的名词性从句作wonder的宾语，且what作从句中谓语动词do的宾语。其他选项没有这个功能。【答案】a7 sorry im so late，but you cannot imagine_great trouble i took to find your house.awhat bhowcwhich dwhy【解析】考查宾语从句。take great trouble to do something表示“不辞辛劳地做某事”。在此，what引导的宾语从句同时是一个感叹句，what修饰名词trouble。而how在感叹句中修饰形容词、副词或动词。【答案】a8 professor backman took up scientific research for decades，and this is_he devoted all his life to.awhich bwhatcwhere dhow【解析】考查名词性从句。what引导表语从句且在从句中作介词to的宾语，表示“什么”。【答案】b9 tina was hesitating about the job offer as she did not know_the company was an established one.awhether bwhatcuntil dalthough【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：tina对所提供的工作正在犹豫中，因为她不知道这家公司是不是一家地位稳固的公司。此处whether引导宾语从句，作know的宾语。【答案】a10 it could be judged from her eyes_she was very satisfied with her performance.awhat bwhichcthat dwhere【解析】考查名词性从句。句意为：她对她的表现很满意，这可以从她的眼睛里判断出来。it是形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。【答案】c11 the problem is_we can improve our reading skills in such a short time.awhen bwherechow dthat【解析】根据句意可知此处用how引导表语从句。【答案】c12 _you have picked up，you must give it back to_it belongs to.awhatever；whoeverbwhat；no matt