2013年中考英语阅读理解解题指导.ppt

TheSkillsofreadingcomprehension WelcometoTheReadingKingdom 考查事实细节 猜测生词含义 推理判断 归纳主旨大意 推测作者的态度 意图和目的 阅读理解考查题型 一 事实性细节题 对时间 地点 特征 方式 数字等的寻找对原因 结果 事实的正确理解常用提问方式 1 Accordingtothepassage who what why where when howmany much howlong 2 Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingstatementsis not true 通常是特殊疑问句或判断句子正误 1 He sheshouldhaveaninterestinmakingpizza Moreimportantly he sheshouldhaveworkexperienceinarestaurant Theadtellsusthat A Theassistantmustbeaman B Theassistantmusthaveonceworkedinarestaurant C PuccipizzahasbranchesalloverChina B 事实理解题解题技巧 事实细节题一般在 1文中有原句 2找相关信息进行比对 3找近义词或同义句 4进行简单数学计算 在读文章时把这些信息划下来 二 猜测词义 词汇题是询问文章中出现的某个词 词组或句子含义的题型 常见的提问方式有 1 Theword refersto 2 Theunderlined probablymeans 1 根据定义 释义 举例或复述猜词常用的 be becalled mean 破折号或定语从句等来表示 Well I verelearnedit IhopeIhavetimelefttoenjoythesuccessesofothersandtotakepleasureintheday That stheheartofthewatermelon theheartofthewatermelon refersto A thebestpartofthewatermelon B thewriter sbusylifeC thewriter sdecisionofmakingmoney D thewriter shopeofenjoyinglife D 2 根据上下文情景和逻辑进行判断 Astheygoaroundtown theyhelppeople Whentheyfindlostchildren theytakethechildrenhome Iftheyseeafight theyputanendtoitrightaway Theyknowallthestreetsandroadswell Oftenpeopleaskthemhowtogettoaplaceintown Inthetext putanendto means A stopB cutC killD fly A Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand Whatdoestheword steam meaninChinese A 自来水B 大气C 冰川D 蒸汽 D and 3 根据关联词来猜测 3 根据关联词来猜测表示因果关系的 表示同义关系的 表示反义关系的 because as since for so asaresult and like justas thesameas but however though although yet instead of 演练1 Abagisusefulandtheword bag isuseful Itgivesussomeinterestingphrases Oneis toletthecatoutofthebag Itisthesameas totellasecret Nowwhensomeoneletsoutasecret he letsthecatoutofthebag Q Johnletsthecatoutofthebag meansheA makeseveryoneknowasecret B thewomanboutacat C buysacatinthebag D sellsthecatinthebag A 实战演练2 Ifyouwanttobeamusician youusuallyhavetomovetoanareathathasalotofjobs suchasNewYorkCity Thecostoflivingintheseareasisusuallyveryhigh Thethirddisadvantageisthatyoucan thaveastablefamilylife Differentjobswilltakeamusiciantodifferentplaces somostmusiciansareunabletohavearegularfamily Whatdoestheunderlinedword stable meaninChinese A 幸福的B 稳定的C 健康的 B 三 推理判断考查逻辑推理能力 语言分析能力和综合归纳能力 下面哪些方式属于推理判断题 Wecaninfer 推断 fromthestorythat What sthepassagemainlyabout Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat Accordingtothestory whatwouldhappennext Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage 1 事实推理 先在文章中找出据以推断的文字 然后加以分析 尤其要悟出字里行间的意思 Secondly anewsstoryhastobeinterestingandunusual Peopledon twanttoreadstoriesabouteverydaylife Asaresult manystoriesareaboutsomekindofdangerandseemtobe bad news Accordingtothepassage whichofthefollowingcanyoumostpossiblywatchonTV Youoftenplayfootballwithyourfriendsafterschool Yourteacherhasgotacold Atigerinthecityzoohasrunoutandhasn tbeencaught Thebikeinfrontofyourhouseislost C danger bad Whenyoucoughorsneeze pleaseturnyourheadawayfromothersandcoveryourmouthwiththefullpartofyourhand Afterwards youshouldsay Excuseme ThisisaruleIsetformystudents Itissosimple butmanykidshaveneverbeentoldtodothis Whatdoestheunderlinedword this mean Don tcoughorsneezeinfrontofpeopleDon tstandbesidesomeonewhocoughsorsneezes Manypeoplecoughorsneezeontheundergroundtrain Coveryourmouthwhencoughingorsneezingandsaysorry D 解题技巧 推断题在文章无法直接找到答案 须在正确理解文章字面意思的基础上 运用逻辑推理的方法 综合主旨句 主题句和上下文信息以及作者的措辞 作出总结性的判断 同时要特别注意代词所指代的对象 四 归纳主旨大意 主要包括主题思想 写作意图 文章的题目等 常见的提问方式有 1 Whatisthemainideaofthepassage 2 Thefirstparagraphtellsusthat 3 Whichofthefollowingexpressesthemainidea 4 Thepassageismainlyabout 5 Thebesttitleforthestoryis 6 Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle Canyoufindthetopicsentence Alllivingthingsontheearthneedotherlivingthingstolive Nothinglivesalone Mostanimalsmustliveinagroup andevenaplantgrowsclosetogetherwithothersofthesamekind Sometimesonelivingthingkillsanother oneeatsandtheotheriseaten Eachkindoflifeeatsanotherkindoflifeinordertolive andtogethertheyformafoodchain Somefoodchainsbecomebrokenupifoneofthelinksdisappears 2 Readingisagoodhabit buttheproblemis there stoomuchtoreadthesedays andtoolittletimetoreadeverywordofit Therearehundredsofskillstohelpyoureadmoreinlesstime HerearetwoskillsthatIthinkareespeciallygood 解题技巧 此类题目多出现于议论文和说明文 要确定文章的主题思想 最重要的是要找到主题句 主题句一般在段首或段尾 有时也在中间 3 DoyouknowmoreandmoreChineseartistshavemaderegulardonationstocharityorputtheireffortsintocharityworkinChina Herelet sknowsomeofthem Whatisthepassagemainlyabout A Chinesecharitywork B CharityworkofsomeChineseartists C SomefamousChineseartists D OrganizationsstartedbyChineseartists B 五 作者的意图 态度和目的题 1 作者的语气态度往往不会直接写在文章里 只能通过细读文章 从作者的选词及修饰手段中体会出来 常见的提问方式有 1 Whatisthewriter spurposeinwritingthepassage 2 Thewriterprobablyfeelsthat 3 Whatisthewriter smainpoint 4 Whatisthewriter sattitudetowards 5 Inthepassagethewritertriestotellusthat 6 Thewritersuggest 暗示 that 7 Thewriterwantstoprovethat 题目都是围绕作者的意图 目的和态度 解题技巧 正确理解文章中反映作者态度和观点的关键词 同时通过选项中的关键词来推断正确答案 学会根据作者使用的词语的褒贬性去判断作者的态度 要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度 不应把你自己的态度渗透其中 TodayIcanironprettywell Iknowwheretostartonashirtandtherightwaytodothetrousers NowwhenIthinkaboutit Idon tthinksheisanoldlady Ithinshemighthavebeenaboutmyagenow Anyway whenIiron IthinkofherandsilentlythankherforallthethingsIlearned Nowthewriter A isstillafraidoftheladyB hatesthestrictlady C admiresthedisabledlady D isverygratefultothelady D Readthepassageandfinishtheexercises Happinessisimportantforeveryone Mostpeoplewanttobehappybutfewknowhowtofindhappiness Moneyandsuccessdon tbringlastinghappiness Happinessdependsonourselves Inotherwords wemakeourownhappiness Somepeoplebelievethatiftheyarewealthy theywillbeabletodoanythingtheywant whichmeanshappiness Ontheotherhand somepeoplebelievethatholdingahighpositioninthegovernmentishappiness Inthisway youhavenotonlymoney butalsomanyotherthingswhichcan tbeboughtbymoney However otherpeoplebelievethathavinglotsofmoneyisnothappiness norisholdingahighpositioninthegovernment Thesepeoplevalue 重视 theirbeliefs ortheirintelligence ortheirhealth Theythinkthesecanmakethemhappy Hereareafewwaystohelpyoubehappier Thefirstsecretofhappinessistoenjoythesimplethingsinlife Toooften wespendsomuchtimethinkingaboutthefuture forexample gettingintocollegeorgettingagoodjobthatwedon tenjoythepresent Youshouldenjoylife ssimplepleasures suchasreadingagoodbook listeningtoyourfavoritemusic orspendingtimewithclosefriends Peoplewhohaveclosefriendsusuallyenjoyhappierandhealthierlives Thesecondsecretofhappinessistobeactive Manypeoplegodancingorplaysports Peoplecanforgetabouttheirproblemsandonlythinkabouttheactivities Finally manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers Accordingtostudies peoplefeelgoodwhentheyvolunteertheirtimetodomanymeaningfulthingsforotherpeople Ifyouwanttofeelhappier dosomethingniceforsomeone Youcanhelpafriendwithhisorherstudies goshoppingtogetfoodforanoldneighbor orsimplyhelparoundthehouse Nowmaybeyouknowhowtofindhappiness 1 Somepeoplewhoholdahighpositioninthegovernmentthinktheycan 2 Theunderlinedword wealthy means inthearticle 3 Wecaninfer 推断 thatManypeoplefindithappyto 4 Thepassagemainlytellsus 5 Thewriterthinksthesecretofhappinessisthatpeople A 考查事实细节 A 归纳主旨大意 B 推理判断 D 猜测生词 C 推测作者的意图 态度 目的 要充满自信要善于抓关键句和主题句要有文中信息支持点要扫读全文 Let stry HomeworkforToday 1 Finishofftheotherpassagesonthepaper 2 Guessthemeaningsofthenewwordsinpassages Thankyou 表示因果关系的 because as since for so asaresult 表示同义关系的 and like justas 表示反义关系的 but however though although yet instead of 等等 3 根据关联词猜词 1 Icouldseenothingbecausethelightwassofaint2 Tomisveryrude buthisbrotherisquitepolite 3 Sheisbeautiful andherdaughterisasprettyasher 昏暗的 有礼貌的 漂亮的 点击中考 Thereisaplaceonourearthwherehotwaterandsteamcomeupundertheground ItisonalargeislandinthePacificOcean TheislandisNorthIslandinNewZealand Whatdoestheword steam meaninChinese A 自来水B 大气C 冰川D 蒸汽 D 4 根据生活经验及普通常识猜词 Chinaisourmotherland Kangaroomothershavepouchestocarrytheirbabies 3 It sreallycoldoutside andmyhandsarebothnumb 祖国 育儿袋 冻僵了的 麻木的 失去知觉的 2 Doctorsbelievethatsmokingisdetrimentaltoyourhealth 4 Theboyhadahappyfamilybefore However afterthewar hebecamehomeless Exercises Guessthemeaningofthenewwordsquickly Wealthymeanshavinglotsofmoney 5 Youmuststopdreamingandfacereality 富裕的 有钱的 有害的 现实 3 Mymother in law myhusband smother wasateacher 婆婆 无家可归的 解题技巧 1 根据作者使用的词语的褒贬去判断作者的态度 正确理解反映作者态度和观点的关键词 2 要区别作者的态度和其他人的态度 不应把自己的态度渗透其中 解题技巧 找主题句 一般新闻报道 说明文 议论文大都采用先总述 后分述的叙事方法 因此主题句大都在段首或篇首 用归纳法写文章时 往往表述细节的句子在前 概述性的句子在后 并以此结尾 那么主题句往往就在段末或篇末 2 逻辑推理型2 根据计算判断 Ifeveryonesetstheirairconditioning 空调 at26 Beijingwillsave400millionkilowatt hours 千瓦时 ofelectricityinonesummer That sone thirdofalltheusageofthecityintheseason saidaTVadvertisement Beijingwilluse millionkilowatt hourselectricityinonesummer A 1200B 800C 400 一 阅读理解题目的设置方式 A 2 逻辑推理型1 根据常识判断 Onedayweinvitedsomefriendstodinner Whenitwasaboutsixo clock mywifefoundthatwehadlittlebread Sosheaskedourfive year olddaughter Kathy tobuysome Oneday Kathy sparentsinvitedsomefriendsto A havebreakfastB havelunchC havesupperD haveaparty C 一 阅读理解题目的设置方式 4 理解词句含义型 Nowtherearemanyhousesaroundthelake peopleoftenusechemicalsintheirgardens Theyuseotherchemicalsinsidetheirhousesforcleaningorkillinginsects 昆虫 Therearealsomanybusinessmen Businessmenusechemicalsintheirmachinesorshops Chemical inthestorymeans A 化学家B污染品C药品D 化学制品 D 一 阅读理解题目的设置方式 常用提问方式 Accordingto 根据 thepassage weknowthat Thetitle 标题 ofthepassagecanbe Thewritertellsus Fromthestorywecansee learn say Themainideaofthispassageis Whatisthispassageabout 一 阅读理解题目的设置方式 3 归纳主旨句 Thewaysofguessingthenewwordsincontext 遇到生词要冷静 A 利用构词法进行猜测 根据单词的前缀与后缀进行猜词 如 care 小心 careful 小心的 carefully 小心地 write 写 rewrite 改写 un dis less mis re ern er or ist 2 根据 合成词 猜测 如school bag schoolbagdown stairs downstairs 不无 错误 再 重复 重新 表方向 表示人 Exercises Matchthemeaningwiththenewwords rebuildmodernizeman madeunsafemisunderstan ding 不安全的误解重建现代化人造的 1 Alotoftheworld snaturalresourceslikeoilcomefrompoorcountries A 环境B 资源C 汽油2 Theoldmanputonhisspectaclesandbegantoread A 帽子B 雨鞋C 眼镜3 Mymomwasalittleheavy AndIwasalmostasplumpasmymom A 丰满B 苗条C 强壮4 Childrenhaveschoolbagswithtwostrapstocarrythem A 口袋B 肩带C 纽扣 Exercises Choosetherightanswer 二 阅读理解解题方法 1 先看文章 再看试题 2 先看试题 然后带着问题再看文章 常用方法 三 阅读理解解题步骤1 扫读 即快速阅读 通览全文 发现关键句 特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句 2 细读 集中精力研读课文 分清文章体裁 把握文章中心和主要内容 进而掌握文章细节信息 五个W who what when where why 3 查读 认真检查 尽量减少答题错误 Mr andMrs Bellareveryforgetful Forexample Mr BellsometimesgoestohisofficeforworkonSundaymorning forhethinksitisMonday