高考英语二轮完形填空考点解析12语法知识.doc

完形填空突破(八)语法知识题完形填空题中也有考查语法知识的题目,考生不仅要理解上下文的逻辑关系,更要有针对性地对语法结构、句式特点以及短文所留空格中要填的词在句子里作什么成分,哪类词合适,应采取什么形式等进行认真的分析思考。比如,选用动词就要考虑各种时态、语态、及物、不及物、主谓搭配以及固定搭配等一系列问题。熟练地掌握基础语法知识并运用其分析解答问题是一种非常有效的解题方法。1根据行文关系,准确判断代词在一篇文章的后文中,为了简便起见,对于前文出现的人或物往往用代词代替,完形填空中也经常会有考查这方面语法现象的试题。考生在做这类试题时,要注意人称代词的单复数形式、替代词的特指和泛指等。典例when the children came back to steal her 29 ,she had them stuck on the tree.they had to beg her long 30 she gave the tree permission to let 31 go.aunty misery was free from the 32 at last.(2008陕西)31a.it bthem chim dher答案b解析本题考查代词的指代问题。结合文意,此处是她放“偷梨的孩子”走,故用them指代偷梨的孩子。2根据逻辑联系,恰当使用从句定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句是构成文章的重要句型,完形填空中有很多试题是关于从句知识的,旨在考查考生的语篇行文逻辑推理能力。做此类试题时,考生要注意判断空白处在句中充当的成分,以及前后部分的逻辑关系等。3根据态度情感,准确使用情态动词典例the next morning the stranger,actually a sorcerer (巫师),thanked her by granting (允准) her 26 that anyone who climbed up her tree 27 not be able to come back down until she 28 it.(2008陕西)26a.suggestion bdemandcpermission dwish27a.could bshouldcmight dmust28a.permitted bpromisedcanswered ddeclared答案26.d27.b28.a解析26.从下文that引导的同位语从句的内容看,此处应是她的一个很难实现的愿望,而不是suggestion建议；demand要求；permission允许,故选d项。27考查情态动词。wish是先行词,同位语从句的谓语动词应用“should动词原形”。might和could通常不与be able to连用；must表示“必须”。28此处意为“直到她允许,爬上树的人才可以下来”,故选a项。1while watching the olympics the other night,i came across an incredible sight.the1was swimming and started with only three men.for one reason or another,two of them had a2start,so they were disqualified.that would have been difficult enough,not having anyone to 3against.i watched the man4off the blocks and knew immediately that something was wrong.now im not an expert5but i do know a good dive6a poor one,and this was not exactly medal7.i listened to the crowd begin to8this poor man who was clearly having a9time.finally he made his turn to start back.it was10.he made a few desperate strokes (划水) and you could tell he was exhausted.but in those few11strokes,the crowd had changed.no longer were they laughing,but beginning to12.some even began to13things like,“come on,you can do it！”,and he14finished his race.the crowd went15.even though he recorded one of the16times in olympic history,this man gave more heart than any of the other17.in a competition where athletes remove their silver medals,feeling they have18been cheated out of gold,or when they act so19in front of their competitors,it is nice to watch an underdog (失败者),a man that gave his allknowing that he had no chance,but competed because of his20and the spirit of the games.1a.view bevent cgame dmatch答案b解析event此处意为“(比赛)项目”。2a.false bnervous cstrangedviolent答案a解析a false start(运动中)抢在指令前行动。此处理解为其他选手抢跳了,犯规出局。3a.fight bstruggle cdefend drace答案d解析其他人都被罚下场了,只剩这一名运动员,没有人跟他竞技了。4a.set bbounce cdive dfall答案c解析从泳道起点的出发台上跳下泳池,dive此处意为“跳水”。5a.swimmer bcoach cjudgedadviser答案a解析“我”不是内行的游泳者,但“我”也能看出入水这一跳的好坏。6a.from bin cbeyond dbetween答案a解析固定搭配know a from b,意为“区分,辨别”。7a.feature bquality cexample dsign答案b解析这一跳可不具有得奖牌应有的水平。8a.break off bstand by claugh at dfocus on答案c解析奥运会参赛选手一般都是高手,所以这位选手的表现自然引来了观众的嘲笑(laugh at)。9a.happy bwonderful cvaguedtough答案d解析这位选手游得艰难,have a tough timehave a hard time。10a.hopeful bpitiful cboring dskillful答案b解析眼前的情景是值得同情的(pitiful)。11a.flexible bsmart cawkward dexcellent答案c解析在那几下笨拙的(awkward)划水之后。12a.support bquit ccheer dhesitate答案c解析观众被这位运动员不放弃的精神感动,开始喝彩。13a.speak bpresent cconcludedyell答案d解析yell为shout的同义词。观众开始大声喊加油。14a.eventually bhardlycsuccessfullydnearly答案a解析运动员终于(eventually)游完了全程。15a.wild bangry csad dgrey答案a解析结合上文,a项最符合语境。16a.fastest bluckiest chardest dslowest答案d解析他是奥运历史上最慢的选手之一。17a.companions bcompetitorscvolunteersdpartners答案b解析句意为：虽然他是奥运历史上最慢的选手之一,但他比其他选手都用心。18a.somehow balready ceven danyway答案a解析在比赛中有的银牌获得者会觉得自己是因某种程度上的被骗而无缘金牌。19a.poorly bcarelesslycsharplydproudly答案d解析也有一些运动员因为成绩遥遥领先而趾高气扬。20a.advantage bindependencecdetermination dprinciple答案c解析明知不能取胜,却因为自己的意志和奥运会的精神完成了(比赛)。2(2008浙江)in the depths of my memory, many things i did with my father still live.these things have come to represent, in fact, what i call 1 and love.i dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming pool.but he did2the water.any kind of3ride seemed to give him pleasure.4he loved to fish；sometimes he took me along.but i never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.i liked being 5the water, moving through it,6it all around me.i was not a strong7, or one who learned to swim early, for i had my 8.but i loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and9those summer days with my father, who10come by on a break.i needed him to see what i could do.my father would stand there in his suit, the11person not in swimsuit.after swimming, i would go12his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me 13 anything i found in his top desk drawer.sometimes, if i was left alone at his desk 14 he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps i shouldnt be playing with his 15 .but my father always 16 and said easily, “oh, no, its 17 .”sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get 18 an ice cream.a poet once said, “we look at life once, in childhood；the rest is 19 .”and i think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood”that determines our memories, but 20 , in that childhood, looks at us.1a.desire bjoy canger dworry答案b解析此处应选一个与love相近的词,故选b。2a.avoid brefusecpraise dlove答案d解析本句中的but为提示词。3a.boat bbus ctrain dbike答案a解析前面提到喜欢water,那么与water有关的就是“boat”了。4a.but bthen cand dstill答案c解析此处表顺承关系(喜欢水,也喜欢鱼)。5a.on boff cby din答案d解析前面提到on the water,后面又有moving through it,可知此处指在水里。6a.having bleaving cmaking dgetting答案a解析此处having指“持有,拥有”,指身体四周全有水。7a.swimmer brider cwalker drunner答案a解析在水中当然是swimmer。8a.hopes bfaiths crights dfears答案d解析既然不是strong swimmer,当然就害怕。9a.spending bsaving cwasting druining答案a解析和父亲一起度过summer days。10a.should bwould chad to dought to答案b解析此处would指“常常,总是”。11a.next bonly cother dlast答案b解析父亲总是穿着他的衣服站在那儿,