中考必考时态之一般将来时.doc

中考必考时态之一般将来时 一般将来时 概念：一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常发生的动作。一、常见的将来时间状语：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, this afternoon, this year, before long, in the future, some day(将来的某一天)， next year, next sunday, soon, in ten days(十天后) 等二、一般将来时结构：主语+ will (shall) + 动词原形 。动词一般将来时，表示将要发生事（所有人称都可以用will，shall只用于i, we 后面） 如：肯定式：they will finish the work next week.否定式： they wont finish the work next week.疑问式： will they finish the work next week? yes, they will. / no, they wont. （注意：不能用yes, theyll.） 特殊疑问句：how many books will you give us? ill give you thirty books.2. 主语+ be (am, is, are) going to + 动词原形 。 be going to, 表打算，准备计划将来干；表可能，有必然，通过现象来判断。如：im going to see a film this evening. 今晚上我打算去看电影。 its going to rain. 天要下雨了。 we arent going to have any lessons next week. 我们下周不上课。3 will/ shall 和 be going to 结构的区别（1） 对于事先经过考虑的打算、计划，应使用be going to 结构。why are you taking down all the pictures? i am going to repaint the wall.（2） 对于事先未经过考虑的打算、计划，而是临时起意，则用will 结构。常见于会话时，乙听了甲的话做出的反应。where is the telephone book? ill go and get it for you .（3） 表示即将发生某事时，两者区别不大，多可互换。what is going to happen? -what will happen?be going to 一般指较近的将来，will则表示较远的将来。（4） 正式的通知等多用will.4 其他一般将来时表达结构：(1) 少数几个动词如go, come, start, arrive等，当表示根据规定时间要发生的动作时，要用一般现在时来表示。my train leaves at 6:30. 我乘的火车将在6：30开。另外，时间、条件状语从句中，“主将从现” ill let you know as soon as i hear from him. hell go fishing if it is fine tomorrow.(2) 现在进行时表将来。go, come, leave, arrive, start, stay, return等表示动作的动词，可以用现在进行时表将来。im going to the park with my parents on vacation.(3) be about to + 动词原形, 表示即将发生的动作。the concert is about to begin. 音乐会即将开始。(4) be +动词不定式，表示安排或计划好的动作。there is to be a sports meeting next week.语法练习：i. 用适当形式填空1. it _ be wednesday tomorrow.2. betty _ write to her grandma next week.3. _ you please give him this letter?4. i _ never do that again.5. she has bought some cloth; she _ make herself a dress.6. -oh, what a heavy box! i cant lift it.-what! i _ carry it for you. 7in china, wherever you _(go), you_(see) friendly people. 8. lao zhao has saved some money and he _ (buy) a tv set. 9. the express from beijing to shanghai _ at 8:45.ii. 单选1 we _go home until we finish the work.a dont b wont c will2 tom _ six years old next month. a will be b will is c is going to3 look at the clouds? it _ rain. a is going b will be c is going to4 we _ go home until we finish the work.a dont b wont c will5 we must take the sick man to hospital. he _.a is dying b is going to die c will die6 could you tell me _ the meeting.a when shall we have b when we would have c when to have7 ill talk to him when he_. a come b will come c comes d came8 i dont know if it_ tomorrow.a rains b will rain c is rain d is raining9 there _ a school three years ago.a were b use to have c used to be d will be初二年级必须掌握的语法之 一般过去时 一 般 过 去 时1、 概念：表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。2、 谓语动词：动词过去式3、 常用时间状语：yesterday，yesterday morning (afternoon, evening)，last night (week, month, year)，two days ago, a week ago, three years agoin 1990, (in 1998)4、 主要句式：肯定句： 主语+动词过去式+其他.否定句： 主语+didnt+动词原形+其他.一般疑问句：did +主语+动词原形 +其他？特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其他？5、 动词过去式的构成：规则变化： （1）一般在动词原形末尾加 ed look looked（2）结尾是 e 的动词加 d live lived（3）末尾只有一个辅音字母的 stop stopped重读闭音节词，先双写这 plan planned个辅音字母，再加 ed trip tripped(4) 结尾是“辅音字母+y”的动词， study studied先变“y”为“i”再加ed carry carried不规则动词的过去式参看不规则动词表 6、用法：（1）表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。 i got up at six thirty yesterday morning. my father was at work yesterday afternoon. （2）表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。 my father often went to work by bus last year. when i was a child, i often listened to music. （3）表示刚刚发生过的事情。 what did you say? who left the door open? （4）在条件和时间状语从句中，用一般过去时表示过去将来的动作。 he would tell me about it if he got information. she said she would start out as soon as the rain stopped.单选（时态专项练习）。1. when i was at school,i_to the library every day. a.go b.was going c.have gone d.went2. the new books_ yet. a. havent arrived b. hasnt arrived c. didnt arrive d. dont arrive3._you ever_to shanghai. a. havent arrived b. hasnt arrived c. didnt arrived d. havebeen4. he_ his lunch. a. had b. have had c. has had d. ate5. for years, doctors_ millions of patients lives with the help of microscopes.a.saved b.have saved c.has saved d.were saving6. i was so happy to see john again last sunday, we _ each other for more than two years.a. havent seen b. hadnt seen c. didnt see d. hasnt seen7. we _three lessons this month.a.have learned b.learned c.has learned d.were having8. i_to paris several times. a.went b.have gone c.have been d.was going9. alice has lived in china for ten years,so she _the life here.a.used to b.get used to c.be used to d.has got used to 10. my uncle _in this city since 1980.a.lives b.have lived c.has lived d.lived11. by now old wang _in that factory for twenty years.a.have worked b.worked c.works d.has worked12. christianity has become a worldwide religion since it _almost two years ago.a.has begin b.begins c.began d.begin13. shakespeare _many plays such as hamlet,and romeo and juliet.a.writes b.have written c.wrote d.has written14. when we lived in phoenix we _at arizona state university.a.studied b.have studied c.study d.were studying15. i wrote to my parents three month ago but i _ to my parents lately.a. havent written b. dont write c. didnt write d. will not write16. li ming _to shanghai. he will be back next month.a.went b.have gone c.has gone d.will go 17. she _an actress for some time.a.was b.being c.is d.has been18.professor chen _ our exams yet.a. didnt mark b. hasnt it marked c. will not mark d. havent marked19. he left last year and _away ever since.a.is b.have been c.was d.has been20. i_my task the other day.a.finished b.have finished c.finish d.will finish初二年级必须掌握的语法之 祈使句 2008-12-19 15:18:16初二英语清华园教育网 语法复习 祈使句一. 用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。祈使句的结构与陈述句一样，但主语常省略（祈使句的主语常为第二人称you）。祈使句一般没有时态的变化。其否定结构用dont加动词原形。如：put those things back in their places. 把那些东西放回原处。look out! theres car coming. 当心！有车来了。二、祈使句后面可用附加疑问句，以加强语气。如：come here, will you? lets play football, shall we?let us listen to the music, will you?三、在“祈使句+陈述句”这种句型中，祈使句和陈述句之间要用连接词。come early, and youll catch the first bus. 早点来，你就能赶上第一班汽车。come early, or youll miss the first bus. 来早点，不然的话，你就赶不上第一班车。由此可见：凡陈述句表示的是人们所希望的后果时，就用and或then；凡陈述句表示的是人们所不希望的后果时，就用or。祈使句练习: 一、单选( )1. lets go swimming, _? a. dont we b. do we c, shall we d. will you( )2. never come late again, _?a. will you b. wont you c. do you d. dont you( )3. he is not honest. _ believe him.a. not b. dont c. to not d. not to( )4. study hard, _ you will fall behind.a. and b. but c. so d. or二、将下列句子改为祈使句 1.i want jim to give me a glass of water. _ _ a glass of water, _. 2.the teacher told us to stop talking in the class. _ _ in the class. 3.youd better not swim in the river. its dangerous. _ _ in the river. its dangerous. 4.father let you throw the frisbee like that. _ the frisbee like that.初二年级必须掌握的语法之 形容词比较级 2008-12-19 15:15:55初二英语清华园教育网 语法复习 形容词比较级1.形容词比较级用法： 形容词比较级用法用于两者之间的比较，表示一方比另一方“更”或“较”，后常跟比较连词than表被比较的对象。为避免重复than引导的从句中有些与主句相同的部分常省略，而把相比较部分突出。另外，在上下文中，形容词比较级也可单独使用。注意：than后常跟名词，但这是由于than引导的比较状语从句省略了与主句相同的部分。在进行比较时，一定要注意比较对象要对等。 e.g. his hair is longer than his fathers. = he has longer hair than his father. its hotter in shanghai than in beijing. china is bigger than any other country in asia. （any other “任何一个”）2.形容词比较级的构成： 形容词分原级、比较级、最高级。通常形容词的比较级为规则变化，在词尾加-er，以不发音的e结尾的单音节词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词直接加r，（以辅音加y结尾的变y为i加er，重读闭音节以辅音字母结尾的双写结尾的辅音加-er）。有的双音节和多音节的词，在词前加more构成比较级。此外还有个别词为不规则变化，例：good / well - better / best, bad / ill - worse - worst, little - less - least, old - older / elder - oldest / eldest, many / much- more - most, far -farther / further-farthest / furthest3.在形容词比较级前还可用much, even, still, a little来修饰，表示“的多”“甚至”“更”“一些”。 e.g. this city is much more beautiful than before. shes a little more outgoing than me. its a little colder today. 4.“比较级and比较级”意为“越来越”注：多音节比较级用“more and more形容词原级”形式。 its getting worse and worse. the group became more and more popular. 5.“which / who is + 比较级？”比较a、b两事物，问其中哪一个较时用此句型。 e.g. which t-shirt is nicer, this one or that one? who is more active, mary or kate? which one is more popular among students, going to concerts or going to movies? 初二年级必须掌握的语法之情态动词的基本句型结构和主要用法 语法复习 情态动词的基本句型结构和主要用法情态动词记忆口诀:情态动词两要点； 动词原形跟后面, 说话语气较委婉, can表“能力”may“许可”,must“责任”或 “义务”, 否定回答 “neednt ”换；should “应该”、would“愿”，have to “被迫”表客观。注释：对must构成的一般疑问句作否定回答只能用neednt.一.can 的用法1.表能力can your sister skate?/can you sing?/ can you dance?2.表示可能性can you go with us?we can go there by bus.3.表示同意做某事,意为 “允许”, “可以”you can go now.can i have a look at your photos?4.表推测(主要用于否定句,疑问句)it cant be jay zhou. he cant be thinking about something.二.must的用法1.表示按命令,规定,责任等必须要做的事.you must do all the homework by yourself.you mustnt park your car here.在回答由must引导的一般疑问句时,如果表示肯定,用must;如果表示否定,要用neednt.-must i come here tomorrow?-yes, you must. / (no, you neednt.)2. 表示肯定的推测.,意为”一定会”, “一定是”,多用于肯定句. it must belong to karla. he must be happy. you must be joking.must 和have to 的区别是:must表示说话人的主观意愿.而have to 则表示客观要求,意为 “不得不”.you must tell us what you have seen.he had to walk home because the bus had left.三 need的用法.need除了可用作行为动词外,还可用作情态动词.作为情态动词使用时,多用于疑问句和否定句,后面直接跟动词原形.作为行为动词时,后面跟带to的动词不定式.他需要现在去看医生吗?does he need to see a doctor now? need he see a doctor now?need 作为情态动词,意为 “需要”,无时态和人称的变化.they neednt hand in their homework now. need i stay with you?( 肯定回答为:yes, you must. 否定回答用no, you neednt.)四 may的用法1.表示 “可以”, 用以询问或说明可否做某事.may i use your pencil? you may come here tomorrow.(在回答由may引导的问题时, 常以yes, please或certainly来表示允许或同意,而用please dont或no, you mustnt来表示不允许和反对.)2.用于表推测某事可能发生或某情况可能存在,意为 “可能”, 一般不用于疑问句.it may rain this afternoon. she may still be in the classroom.练习:一. 在下列空格中填入can, may 或must.1. -_his brother speak english very well, too?-no, he_.2. -what about seeing a new film this evening?- i am afraid i _. i _finish my maths exercises this evening.3. you _ keep your word. you _ wash your hands before dinner.4. dont believe him. it _ be true.5. i _make my radio. i guess there _ be something wrong with it.6. -_you tell me where the post office is?-its just beside the market. you _ miss it.二.选择填空1. when he was seven she _ speak some english.a. can b. could c. is able to d. must2. he _ do the work himself. no one wants to help him.a. can b. may c. mustnt d. has to3. may i lend this book to lily? a. neednt b. shouldnt c. have to d. mustnt4. -would you like us to go to the cinema with you? -no, you _ with me.a. do not need go b. need not to go c. neednt go d. need go not5. it was so dark in the classroom that she _ see him clearly.a. couldnt b had to c. must d. was able to6. -_i do all these english exercises? -no, you _.a. must, mustnt b. need, need c. must, dont have to d. must, dont7. -could i borrow your pen? -yes, of course you _.a. might b. will c. can d. should8. what_ you like to have for supper?a. may b. will c. can d. would初二英语同步练习 语法复习之感 叹 句 感 叹句用以表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句。感叹句句末常用感叹号。将感叹句what或how及它所修饰的词置于句首，即可构成感叹句。how后接形容词或副词，what后接名词。如：how blue the sky is! 天多蓝呀！ how quickly you walk！ 你走得多快呀！ what a tall boy he is！ 他是一个多高的男孩啊！ what cold water it is！ 多凉的水呀！注意：what a 用来修饰单数可数名词，what则用来修饰复数可数名词和不可数名词。 感叹句练习:( )1. _ bad weather it is! a. what a b. how c. what d. what an( )2. _ difficult questions they are! i cant answer them.a. how b. how an c. what d. what a( )3. _ delicious your supper is!a. how b. how an c. what d. what an初二讲解 (一) unit 1 how often do you exercise?重点单词always adv. 总是 usually adv. 通常 sometimes adv. 有时 drink v. 喝. n. 饮料 hardly ever 几乎不曾；很少 never adv. 从不exercise v. 锻炼 n. 练习 shop v. 购物 n. 商店 once adv. 一次 junk food 垃圾食品 twice adv. 两次 three times a week 一周三次重点短语 how often 多长时间一次 try to do sth 尽力去做某事 look after 照料 as for 至于 start with 以开始 do exercise 做运动make a difference 有重要性 surf the internet 上网重点句子 1. what do you usually do on weekends? 周末你通常做什么？ 2. they often go to the movies. 他们经常去看电影。 3. what does he do on weekends? 他周末干什么？ he sometimes watches tv. 他有时候看电视。 4. how often do you shop? 你经常购物吗？/ 你多久购物一次？ i shop once a month. 我一个月购物一次。重难点讲解1. 频度副词 always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly和never是英语中最常见的频度副词，它们在句中的位置大致相同：通常放在行为动词之前，系动词be、助动词和情态动词之后。但它们所表示的含义及频度是各不相同的。(1) always的频度为100%， the sun always rises in the east and sets in the west. 太阳总是东升西落。 customers are always right. 顾客永远是对的。 always与进行时态连用，并不强调动作正在进行，而是表示说话人的“赞扬”、“不满”、“厌烦”等情绪，有强烈的感情色彩。例如： she is always thinking of how she can do more for people. 她总是在考虑怎样为人们多做些事。（表示赞扬） he was always asking for money. 他总是要钱。（表示厌烦） she is always asking for leave. 她总是请假。（表示不满）always与not连用，表示部分否定，意思是“不总是”。例如： the rich are not always happy. 有钱人未必总是幸福的。 （2）usually的频度为70%左右，意为“通常”、“平常”，即很少有例外。例如： he usually goes to bed at ten oclock. 他通常10点钟睡觉。 （3）often的频度为50%左右，意为“常常”，但不如usually那么频繁，表示动作重复，中间有间断。例如：he is often late for school. 他上学经常迟到。（4）sometimes的频度为20%左右，意为“有时”，表示动作偶尔发生。可以位于句首，以示强调。例如： it is sometimes hot and sometimes cold. 天气忽冷忽热。sometimes he does it this way and sometimes he does it that way. 他有时这样做，有时那样做。（5） hardly的频度为5%左右，意为“几乎不”、“简直不”，常和ever连用表示强调。如：i hardly ever go out these days. 这些天我几乎不出门。（6）never的频度为0，意为“从来不”、“永不”。例如： my parents are never late for work. 我父母上班从来不迟到。2. 注意sometimes与几个形似的词的区别。a. sometime是副词，意为“在某个时候”，“某时”e.g. will you come again sometime next week?she was there sometime last year.b. some time是名词词组，意为“一段时间”，做时间状语用 e.g. i will stay here for some time.he worked on the trouble for some time. c. some times是名词词组，意为“几次，几倍”。e.g. i met him some times in the street last month.the factory is some times larger than that one. 3. 不定代词all“全部”，most“大部分”，some“一些”，no“没有一个”的用法，这些词可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。 all the students in our school have to wear school uniforms.i know most people in this party. no children can sing this song. 4. 疑问词how的用法（1）怎样，用什么手段，方法。how did he do it? i dont know how to swim.（2）情况如何（指身体健康状况）how are you? hows it going with tom?（3）how many，how much表示“多少” how many后接可数名词复数，how much接不可数名词。how many times do you go to the park? how much water is there?（4）how often是对动作发生的“次数”提问e.g. how often do you play tennis? how often do you surf the internet. 5. time表示不可数名词，意为“时间”。 表示可数名词，意为“次数，倍数”。e.g. time and tide never wait for men. i go to the movies three times a week. the size of the new museum is four times larger than the old one.注意“次数”的表达方法一次once 两次twice 三次或三次以上用基数词加上times，three times、five times、one hundred times.表示“几次”的表达方法是：twice a month、once a month、three times a week、once a year. 6. be good for意为“对有好处”，其反义词为“be bad for”。e.g. drinking milk is good for your health.eating too much sugar is bad for your teeth.reading english is good for studying english. 7. as for意为“就而论”，“至于”e.g. as for fruit，i eat it sometimes. 8. want sb. to do.意为“想让某人做某事”。 e.g. he wants me to do exercise every day. his mother wants him to be a reporter.有很多动词后面用这种结构做动词的复合宾语。如：ask sb. to do sth. tell sb. to do sth. help sb. (to) do sth.等9. exercise的用法。（1）作可数名词复数exercises。意为“运动、体操”。（2）作不可数名词，意为“练习、习题”。e.g. i have to do so much exercise. he bought a new exercise book.（3）作动词，意为“练习、运动”。e.g. how often do you exercise? i exercise every day.课文解析 1. pre