短文改错(技巧总结).doc

短文改错 题型介绍高考英语短文改错历来是考生的一个难点，因为它考查的是考生的综合语言运用能力，考查内容涵盖英语语言的各个层面。高考短文改错的短文通常只有110个词左右，文体多为第一/三人称记叙文、应用文(以书信为主)。所选取的语言材料贴近实际生活，多为考生所熟知，且话题贴近学生，有的带点幽默，有的包含教育意义。文字浅显易懂，材料中没有生僻、超纲的词汇；句子结构简单，基本上是简单句和并不复杂的复合句；语言地道，符合英语语言习惯。各种错误所占比例为：多：缺：错为1:1: 8解题技巧改错步骤短文改错的错误主要是以下两方面。语法方面：主要考查动词时态和语态、非谓语动词、名词和代词的各种形式、主谓一致、冠词、连词、介词、词形(指应该用动词、名词、形容词还是副词形式，以及平行结构中词的正确形式)。行文逻辑方面。主要考查人物的性别及相应的物主代词或物的数量及相应的物主代词。句子的并列，递进，转折，因果关系和时间的先后顺序等。“四不改”原则：单词拼写不改；大小写不改；词序错误不改(应从错词或少词方面考虑)；标点符号不改。“四改动”原则：忠实于原文原则(不可改变原文的原意)；错误以改动最少为原则；虚词以添加或者删除为原则；实词以改变形式为原则。1. 通读全文，了解短文大意。把握全篇的时态、人称及行文逻辑，尤其是有的行文逻辑方面的错误在看单句时难以发现错误（比如前文用Mike，后文代词用she等）。在通读全文时把一些容易的错误先改好，再进行分句改错。2. 分句阅读，逐行找错。在完成第一步后，要进行逐行逐句的改错。这时要从文中的词法、句法和语篇角度着重分析和特别注意。注意不能改变句子的原意，也不能改掉原来正确的词语而换成了另一种正确的表达形式，如某些定语从句中that与which的互换是不给分的。3. 最后把改好的短文再阅读一遍，检查答案是否正确，感觉是否还有不妥之处，最终形成定稿。注意严格按照例题要求和解题说明，用规定的符号去改，不要用文字去说明或者用箭头表示，更不能在原题中乱画。答题时可以从以下几点考虑： 1. 句中的时态、主谓、代词一致吗？ 2. 句中的谓语完整吗？ 3. 习惯用法固定搭配正确吗？ 4. 冠词、形容词、副词及关系词得当吗？ 5. 该用被动语态吗？ 6. 从句的连接词对了吗？ 7. 从句中的谓语完整吗？ 真题讲解（一）Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. I called my parents, so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil. As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the right thing to do. (浙江)（二）Thank you for the lovely day we have with you. It was so kind for you to let us bring Annes friend, Gina. Unfortunate, the only problem was the journey home. There had been a terrible accident on the highway and, for a result, there was a long line of traffic for at least six mile. In the end, we drove to a service station and waited there unless the road was clear. In the car park here Gina nearly got knocked over as car drove out far too quickly from behind a lorry. They finally dropped Gina off at her parents and made our own way to home. (辽宁) （三） When I was a child, I hoped to live in the city. I think I would be happy there. Now I am living in a city, but I miss my home in countryside. There the air is clean or the mountains are green.Unfortunately, on the development of industrialization, the environment has been polluted. Lots of studies have been shown that global warming has already become a very seriously problem.The airs we breathe in is getting dirtier and dirtier. Much rare animals are dying out. We must found ways to protect your environment. If we fail to do so, well live to regret it.（四）One day, little Tony went to a shopping center with his parent. It was very crowded. Tony saw a toy on a shop window. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop. After looks at the toy for some time, he turned around and found where his parents were missing. Tony was scared and begun to cry. A woman saw him crying and telling him to wait outside a shop.Five minutes later, Tony saw parents. Mom said, “How nice to see you again! Dad and I were terrible worried. ” Tony promised her that this would never happen again. （五）After five years away in my hometown, I find that the neighborhood which I used to living in has changed a lot. The Sichuan Restaurant and the older fish shop across the street from our middle school were gone. There exist now a park that has a small river running through. The factory at the corner of Friendship Street and Zhongshan Road has been moved out the city, and sports center has been built in their place. The market at the corner of Friendship Street and Xinhua Road has been given way to a supermarket. Besides the bookstore next to our middle school is still there.答案与解析：（一） 1. Two years before, beforeago；ago指的是从现在起到过去时间的某一点的一段时间。这个时间状语常与一般过去时态或过去进行时态连用。2. I rented for a car. 去掉for，因为rent为及物动词。3. Unfortunate, I had an accident Unfortunate改为Unfortunately，修饰一句话用副词。4. at least two week week weeks5. I called my parents, so I did not tell them sobut，逻辑关系错误。6. I knew that they will be willwould，主从句时态一致。7. worried about myself myselfme，句中的主语为they，不构成反身代词；8. I was so farther away, fartherfar，句中不构成比较级。9. I told them interested stories interestedinteresting，interesting才表示“令人感兴趣的”。10.nobody knew truth truth前加the，此处特指“那个真相”。（二）1. we have with you have had，由后面的was可知，这儿应该用过去时态。2. It was so kind for you to let us for of，kind用于描述you的，适用于“It +形容词+ of sb.”句型。3. Unfortunate, the only problem Unfortunate Unfortunately，修饰句子用副词。4. for a result, there was a long line of traffic for as, as a result固定搭配。5. for at least six mile mile miles mile是可数名词，并且前面是six。6. we waited there unless the road was clear unless until 后面一句是一个时间状语从句，意思是“我们一直等到路通了”。7. In the car park here here there 叙述的是别的地方发生的事，所以用there。8. as car drove out far too quickly car前加a，car不是特指，并且是可数名词，所以前面要加a。9. They finally dropped Gina off they we 叙述的是“我们”做的事，所以用we。10. and made our own way to home 去掉to，make ones way home中home为副词，前面不用介词to。（三）本文谈到随着工业化的发展，环境受到了污染。1. think thought 指小时候“想”。2. 在countryside前加the 表示“在农村”习惯上说in the countryside。 3. or and 因“空气新鲜”与“山绿”是并列关系。4. on with 表示“随着”用with。5. 去掉shown前的been 因“研究”与“表明”是主动关系。6. seriously serious 在名词前作定语要用形容词。7. airs air 因air是不可数名词，没有复数形式。8. Much Many 修饰可数名词复数要用many。9. found find 在情态动词(must)后用动词原形。10. your our /the 前后都是第一人称。 高666考%资&源#网（四）作者叙述Tony跟父母去购物时走丢，后又找到父母的经历。1. parent parents 由下文的his parents were missing可知用复数。2. on in 据常识，玩具应在橱窗里面，故用in。3. 去掉so后的very 这是sothat结构，不用very。4. looks looking 介词after后面接动名词，故用looking。5. where that 或者去掉where宾语从句，从句的结构与意思