工程硕士英语考试资料-词汇与语法.ppt

动词动词短语名词形容词介词短语(介词+名词)副词(短语),实词,动词名词形容词副词,虚词,介词连词助动词代词冠词,测试词类,词汇部分,主要考查词义和词形的辨别及词语的搭配,1.领会式掌握4250个英语单词和500个常用词组;2.复用式掌握1800个左右的常用单词和200个常用词组;3.掌握一定数量的常用词缀,并能根据构词法和语境识别常见的派生词.,单词部分,1.词形不同、词义有部分重合之处的近义词辨异-注意区分它们之间的细微差异-注意它们与其他词的搭配要求,Theserviceoperates36librariesthroughoutthecountry,whilesix_librariesspeciallyservethecountryside.A.mobileB.driftingC.shiftingD.rotating,(A),Mostpeoplewhotravelinthecourseoftheirworkaregiventraveling_.A.subsidiesB.allowancesC.salariesD.rewards,(B),2.词形相近、词义不同的形近词辨异-注意它们的拼写及词义的不同-注意它们与其他词的搭配要求,Ilearnedthatthenextentertainmentwould_ofaballetentitledTheGoldenHarvest.A.consistB.persistC.insistD.resist,(A),3.词性不同的同源词的辨异-注意它们的词性的辨别-注意它们的使用和搭配要求,Althoughnotaneconomisthimself,Dr.Smithhaslongbeenaseverecriticofthegovernments_policies.A.economicalB.economicC.economyD.economics,(B),4.词形和词义都无任何联系的同类词辨异-注意它们的词义辨异-注意它们与其他词语的搭配要求,Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered_ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.A.indistinctlyB.irrespectivelyC.irrelevantlyD.independently,(D),Ithinkitdifficulttoguesswhather_tothenewswouldbe.A.impressionB.responseC.commentD.opinion,(B),Humanbehaviorismostlyaproductoflearning,whereasthebehaviorofananimaldependsmainlyon_.reactionB.impulseC.instinctD.response,(C),词组部分,1.相同的动词+不同的副词(或介词),Whentheyhadfinishedplaying,thechildrenweremadeto_allthetoystheyhadtakenout.A.PutoffB.putoutC.putupD.putaway,(D),2.不同的动词+相同的副词(或介词),Theevidenceoftheservant_themysteryofhowthesilvercigarette-boxcametobeinthegarage.A.tookupB.caughtupC.madeupD.clearedup,3.不同的动词+不同的副词(或介词),Humaneyesareaccustomedto_aspecificobjectandoncethishappens,everythingaroundtheobjectseemstobereducedtobackground.A.pointingtoB.staringatC.focusingonD.probinginto,(C),(D),5.动词+名词+介词,Injudgingtheprogresshehasmadeinhisstudies,wemust_thefactthathehasbeenworkingundergreatdifficultiesforseveralmonths.A.takeadvantageofB.takeaccountofC.takedelightinD.takeprideon,4.动词+副词+介词,Hescratchedhisheadandknittedhisbrows,butcouldnot_anewmethodofincreasingthefoodsupply.A.comeupwithB.comeuptoC.comeupagainstD.comeupfor,(A),(B),6.介词+名词,Theflightwassupposedtotakeoffateightoclockbut_wehadtowaituntilnine.A.atlastB.onpurposeC.ineffectD.asaresult,(C),7.介词+名词+介词,Thedoctortoldthewomanthatshemustlosetwentypounds_herhigherbloodpressure.A.onaccountofB.atthecostofC.inaccordancewithD.forthepurposeof,(A),语法部分,主要考查以下基础语法知识的掌握:1.名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法2.动词的基本时态、语态的构成及其用法3.虚拟语气的构成及其用法4.形容词、副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法5.非谓语动词(不定式、动名词、分词)的构成及其用法6.常用连接词、冠词的词义及其用法7.各类从句(定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句)的构成及其用法8.强调句型的结构及其用法9.常用倒装句的结构,名词的数,名词,专有名词(propernoun)普通名词(commonnoun),个体名词(individualnoun)集体名词(collectivenoun)物质名词(materialnoun)抽象名词(abstractnoun),不可数名词,集体名词,有些在句中往往作复数用如people，police,cattle；有些在句中往往作单数用如machinery,foliage,merchandise；有些如被看作整体时就作单数用，如被看作组成该集体的各个成员时就作复数用如class,family,team,committee,staff,crew,group,audience。,Theofficestaff_gatheredtohearthepresidentspeakonthecompanysnewproject.A.areB.isC.hasD.willhave,在句中，名词的单数形式前边要有冠词或表示单数的限定词，否则就要用其复数形式。名词的复数形式通常是在单数形式后加词尾-s、-es，或将-y改为-i再加-es有少数名词的复数形式是不规则的，childchildren有些名词的单复数是一样的：aircraft,spacecraft,deer,Chinese,sheep,(A),不可数名词为物质名词和抽象名词，如information,poverty,advice,anger,applause,baggage有些抽象名词的意思可以转变成为具体名词，这时要用其复数形式。1.很多表示蔬菜、动物等的名词一般时可数的，但用来表示餐桌上的食物时，就成了不可数名词，如：fruit,chicken2.物质或抽象名词一般是不可数的，但表示具体、个别事物时，通常是可数的，如:abeer3.物质名词用于表示各种不同品种或种类时，几乎均能作可数名词，如:fishes表示不同种类的鱼4.物质或抽象名词用作复数时，词义往往发生变化，如：communication(通讯)communications(通讯系统，通讯工具)；cloth(布)clothes(衣服)；content(内容)contents(目录)；convenience(便利)conveniences(便利设备)；humanity(人类)humanities(人文科学)5.有些名词通常只用复数形式，如：fundamentals(基本原则)，goods(货物),means(方法),rapids(急流)，shorts(短裤),sweets(欢乐),valuables(贵重物品),6.以-s结尾的学科名词一般是单数，指具体事物时为复数。如：economics,politics,名词的格,名词的格,主格宾格属格(或所有格),在名词的末尾加s用介词of等名词构成,四种语义关系,所有关系，如：thetitleofthebook主谓关系，如：theteachersrequest动宾关系，如：thecommitteesdecision修饰关系，如：amonthswork,注意：of+-s这种双重属格结构，如：acolleagueofmyfathers区分它与of属格的不同，如：SheisafriendofJohns.和SheisafriendofJohn.,Despitethewonderfulactingandwell-developedplot,the_moviecouldnotholdourattention.A.three-hoursB.three-hourC.three-hoursD.three-hours,(B),代词及它的数与格,名词性物主代词(mine,ours,yours,his,hers,theirs)不定代词(all,each,every(thing,-body,-one),some(thing,-body,-one),any(thing,-body,-one),no(thing,-body,one),none,either,neither,other,another,one,many,much,less,(a)few,(a)little,both等)，指示代词(this,these,that,those)、疑问代词(what,who,which,whom,whose)、反身代词(myself,ourselves,yourself,yourselves,himself,herself,itself,themselves)、相互代词(eachother,oneanother)、关系代词(who,whom,which,that,as,what),主格(I,we,you,he,she,they,it)宾格(me,us,you,her,him,it,them)属格(my,our,your,his,her,its,their),人称代词,Noagreementwasreachedinthenegotiationas_sidewouldgivewayto_.A.either,theotherB.each,anotherC.neither,anotherD.neither,theother,Thegrammarandphoneticsofanylanguageareascomplexas_ofanyotherlanguage.A.whatB.thoseC.thatD.whose,(D),(B),动词,四类动词,行为动词hear,walk,smile,etc.系动词be,become,turn,etc.助动词do,have情态动词can,will,should,etc.,四种形式,不定式过去式过去分词现在分词,短语动词,动词+介词相当于一个及物动词，宾语（不管是名词还是代词）只能放在介词后动词+副词有些相当于及物动词，有些则相当于不及物动词。如相当于一个及物动词，可以用于被动语态，也可以有宾语，如果宾语是代词，其结构是“动词+代词+副词”动词+名词+介词相当于及物动词，可用于被动语态动词+副词+介词相当于及物动词复合动词由两个单词合成，大多由“名词+动词”构成,常与动词组成短语的副词和介词：aboutacrossafteragainstapartaroundasideatawaybackbydownforforthforwardfrominintoofoffonoutoverroundthroughtotogetherunderupwithwithout,动词的时态,十六种时态,一般时,现在Westudy./Hestudies.过去We/Hestudied.将来We/Hewillstudy.过去将来We/Hewouldstudy.,进行时,现在Wearestudying./Heisstudying.过去Wewerestudying./Hewasstudying将来We/Hewillbestudying.过去将来We/Hewouldbestudying.,完成时,现在Wehavestudied./Hehasstudied.过去We/Hehadstudied.将来We/Hewillhavestudied.过去将来We/Hewouldhavestudied.,完成进行时,现在Wehavebeenstudying./Hehasbeenstudying过去We/Hehadbeenstudying.将来We/Hewillhavebeenstudying.过去将来We/Hewouldhavebeenstudying.,时态重点掌握进行时和完成时,Theprojectrequiresmorelaborthan_putinbecauseitisextremelydifficult.A.hasbeenB.havebeenC.beingD.tobe,(A),BythetimeyouarriveinLondon,we_inEuropefortwoweeks.A.shallstayB.havestayedC.willhavestayedD.wouldhavestayed,(C),TheschoolboardlistenedquietlyasJohnreadthedemandsthathisfollowers_.A.wouldbedemonstratingB.demonstrateC.hadbeendemonstratingD.havedemonstrated,(C),Scarcely_themselvesintheirseatsinthetheatrewhenthecurtainwentup.A.didtheysettleB.hadtheysettledC.wouldtheysettleD.havetheysettled,(B),Ifit_raintomorrow,wellhaveapicnicatStanleyNationalPark.A.cantB.doesntC.wontD.isnt,(B),动词的语态,语态,Soundisproducedbyavibratingmatter.Thesematerialsshouldbeproperlydisposedof.TheissueisbeingdiscussedattheSummit.,主动Glassreflectslight.,被动,主动形式表示被动意义的词,某些表示感官动词加表语可以表示被动eg.looksmelltastefeel等Theflowersmellssweet.某些及物动词后加副词（有些可不加）也可表示被动eg.washwearwritesellreadopencutlockpeelplayshutstrike等Thepenwritessmoothly.doowecookbindprint等动词的进行时有时可表示被动。Themeatiscooking.wantdeserveneedrequireworth等后面可用动名词的动词形式表示被动Thispointdeservesmentioning.,Greatchangesinthecity_,sincethereformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,andalotoffactories_.Ahavebeentakenplace,havebeensetupBhavetakenplace,havebeensetupChavetakenplace,havesetupDweretakenplace,weresetup,B,动词的语气,三种语气,陈述语气Chinaisagreatcountry.疑问语气Wherearefrom?祁使语气Remembertocomeandjoinus.虚拟语气IfIwereyou,Iwouldgowithhim.,虚拟语气,虚拟条件句,与现在事实相反IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.与过去事实相反Ifwehadntmadeadequatepreparations,theconferencewouldnthavebeensosuccessful.,推测条件句-与将来相反或可能相反IfIweretodothework,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.Ifheshouldhaveenoughmoney,hewouldbuythecar.,错综时间条件句-从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致Ifyouhadspokentohimlasttimeyousawhim,youwouldknowwhattodonow.(过去现在)IfIwereyou,Iwouldnthavemissedthefilmlastnight.（现在过去）Iftheyhadlefthomeearlyinthemorning,theywouldarriveinhalfanhour.（过去将来）,Ifyouhesitatedthismoment,youmightsufferinthefuture.（现在将来）Ifsheshouldarrivetoday,shemusthavestartedthreedaysago.（将来过去）,虚拟语气在某些从句中的运用,2.hadhoped引起的宾语从句中动词形式为would+动词原形，表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。3.wouldrather,hadrather,wouldsooner,would(just)assoon和wouldprefer后面跟从句，从句中动词一般用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况。4.Itishigh/abouttimethat的句型中从句中用一般过去式，或用shoulddo(should不能省)5.ifonly“要是就好了”，谓语动词用一般过去时表示现在没有实现的愿望，用过去完成时表示过去没有实现的愿望。6.asif/asthough后跟从句有时也用虚拟语气，其动词形式与wish的宾语从句的形式相同。,7.由连接词incase,sothat,unless,lest,forfearthat等引起的状语从句中，谓语动词要用虚拟形式，即should(might,would)+动词原形。,1.wish后跟从句表示对现在的愿望时，从句中用were或行为动词的过去式表示对过去的愿望时，从句中用过去完成时或would/couldhavedone表示对将来的愿望时，从句中用would/should(could,might)+动词原形,8.在though,solongas,although,evenif/though,whetheror,whatever,wherever,whoever,however,whichever,nomatterwhat(who,how)等强式连接代词或副词引导的让步状语从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用动词原形，表示推测、让步等，但主句一般用直陈语气。9.在某些表示惊讶、喜悦、不安、遗憾、失望等情绪的句子中用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形或should+动词的完成式10.英语中有些表示要求、建议、提议、命令、意愿等的形容词、动词和名词，后面跟的表语从句、宾语从句或同位语从句中要求用虚拟语气，形式是动词原形或should+动词原形。属于该类的形容词有：advisabledesirableessentialnecessaryimportantimperativeinsistentkeenpreferableurgentvitalindispensable等属于该类的动词有：adviseaskbegdecidedemanddesiredetermineinsistproposeorderrecommendrequestrequireresolvesuggesturge等,属于该类的名词有：advicedecisiondemanddesireinsistenceinstructionordermotionpreferenceproposalrecommendationrequestrequirementresolutionsuggestion等,虚拟语气重点掌握一些特殊形式的虚拟语气,1.从句中有had,should,were,将if省略，把had,should,were放在从句句首采用倒装语序的虚拟条件句，,Themillionsofcalculationsinvolved,hadtheybeendonebyhand,_allpracticalvaluebythetimetheywerefinished.A.couldloseB.couldhavelostC.mightlostD.oughttohavelost,(B),Thereisarealpossibilitythattheseanimalscouldbefrightened,_asuddenloudnoise.beingthereB.shouldtherebeC.therewasD.therehavingbeen,(B),2.从句和主句动作发生时间不一致的错综时间条件句，主句和从句的谓语动词要根据各自所指的不同时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式,Ifyou_JerryBrownuntilrecently,youdthinkthephotographontherightwasstrange.A.shouldntcontactB.didntcontactC.werenttocontactD.hadntcontacted,(D),HadPaulreceivedsixmorevotesinthelastelection,he_ourchairmannow.A.musthavebeenB.wouldhavebeenC.mustbeD.wouldbe,(D),3.含蓄虚拟语气通过介词或介词短语(without，butfor)、上下文或其他方式(but,unfortunately,or,orelse,otherwise)表现出来,Asafetyanalysis_thetargetasapotentialdanger.Unfortunately,itwasneverdone.A.wouldidentifyB.willidentifyC.wouldhaveidentifiedD.willhaveidentified,(C),_theEnglishexaminationIwouldhavegonetotheconcertlastSunday.A.InspiteofB.ButforC.BecauseofD.Asfor,(B),4.在某些宾语从句、表语从句或同位语从句中使用虚拟语气,Idratheryou_anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.Youhavejustscrewedupeverything.A.didB.wontdoC.wouldntdoD.didntdo,(D),Theteachersuggestedthateachofthestudents_aplanforthesummervacation.A.wouldmakeB.willmakeC.makeD.made,(C),Ihadhopedthatshe_myletter.A.wouldhaveansweredB.answeredC.hadansweredD.wouldanswer,(D),6.情态动词+完成时态表示虚拟语气,JeanWagnersmostenduringcontributiontothestudyofAfro-Americanpoetryishisinsistencethatit_inareligious,aswellasworldly,frameofreference.A.isanalyzedB.hasbeenanalyzedC.beanalyzedD.shouldhavebeenanalyzed,(C),Itisnecessarythatone_anentranceexaminationtobeadmittedtoacollege.A.willtakeB.takeC.takesD.istotake,(B),5.在有些状语从句中使用虚拟语气,Edisonkeptphosphoruscarefullyinabottlelestit_.A.wouldburnB.burnedC.hadburnedD.shouldburn,(D),Iftherewerenofriction,thennothing,_ahugeslabofstoneoratinygrainofsand,wouldeverstayout.A.itbeB.beitC.wasitD.itwas,(B),He_backtoworkwithoutthedoctorspermission.Now,hehastostayinbedforacoupleofdays.A.needntgoB.wouldnthavegoneC.shouldnthavegoneD.mustntgo,(C),形容词和副词的级,1.原级1)在肯定句中用“as+原形+as”结构，如：HecanrunasfastasI.2)在否定句中用“not+so/as+原形+as”结构，如：Ididntdoso/aswellasIshould.3)修饰同级比较结构的词有：nearly,almost,just,exactly,half,倍数，分数等4)常见的几种假比较形式（形式上是一种比较，实际为固定用法）有：asmany/muchas（多达）、assoonas（一就）、asgoodas（几乎，实际上）、aswellas（连词，可以连接代词，名词，形容词，动词等，有多种含义）、asoftenasnot（往往，经常）、notsomuchas/notsomuchas/notsomuchas（与其说还不如说，更多的是而不是）、as+原形+aspossible/onecan（尽可能）,Doyouenjoylisteningtorecords?Ifindrecordsareoften_,orbetterthananactualperformance.A.asgoodasB.asgoodC.goodD.goodas,(A),Justasthesoilisapartoftheearth,_theatmosphere.A.asitisB.thesameisC.soisD.andsois,(C),2.比较级1)由“比较级+than”构成，用于两者之间的比较2)可用much,far,rather,any,no,alot,still,ever,alittle,abit,agreatdeal,倍数等修饰3)两者间的比较，即使用了“theofthetwo”这一句型，也仍用比较级，如：Ofthetwoshirts,thisblueoneistheprettier.4)比较级+and+比较级结构表示“越来越”5)themorethemore结构表示“愈愈”，比较级前的the不能省6)以-or结尾的形容词，如senior,junior,superior,inferior,prior,posterior等用来进行两者比较时要用to，而不用than，形容词用原形7)常见的几种假比较形式（形式上是一种比较，实际为固定用法）有：moreAthanB（与其说是A不如说是B，是A不是B，其中A和B必须同是名词或形容词）、nothingless/morethan或littleless/morethan或noless/morethan（和一样，不亚于，完全是，简直是）、moreoftenthannot（往往，经常）、notmorethan（不多于）、notlessthan（不少于）、otherthan(不同于；除了)、ratherthan（而不是）,Theheartis_intelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.A.notsoB.notmuchC.muchmoreD.nomore,(D),3.最高级1)“the+最高级+in/of”结构用于三个以上的人或物之间的比较，副词的最高级前的the可以不用2)修饰最高级的词有：byfar,bynomeans等3)形容词最高级前面用不定冠词则表示“非常”的意思,形容词和副词的级重点掌握一些特殊的结构如：as/than引导省略了主语的比较状语从句；justasso;nomorethan;notanymorethan;notsomuchas;stillless,Thereoughttobelessanxietyovertheperceivedriskofgettingcancerthan_inthepublicmindtoday.A.existsB.existC.existingD.existed,(A),Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,_theycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.A.muchmorethanB.nomorethanC.nolessthanD.anymorethan,(D),AgreatmanyeducatorsfirmlybelievethatEnglishisoneof_taughtsubjectsinhighschoolstoday.A.themostpoorlyB.themostpoorC.thepoorestD.thepoorliest,(A),非谓语动词,动词不定式作主语、宾语、表语、补语、同位语、定语、状语、独立成分动名词-作主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语、同位语,分词,现在分词过去分词,-表语、补语、定语、独立成分,非谓语动词重点掌握不定式、动名词和分词的用法1.哪些动词后接不定式;哪些动词后接动名词;哪些动词后既接不定式又可接动名词,有无区别,动词+不定式eg.afford,agree,appear,decide,desire,expect,fail,guarantee,happen,have,hope,learn,intend,manage,need,plan,promise,refuse,seem,tend,threaten,wish,endeavor,etc.动词+动名词eg.appreciate,avoid,canthelp,consider,delay,deny,enjoy,escape,fancy,imagine,mind,practise,quit,recall,recommend,resent,risk,suggest,etc.,动词+不定式/动名词eg.attempt,begin,start,goon,continue,hate,like,prefer,deserve,require,want,need,regret,forget,remember,stop,try,etc.,Iappreciated_theopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.A.havingbeengivenB.havinggivenC.tohavebeengivenD.tohavegiven,(A),2.不定式与某些动词构成复合谓语:besaid,bereported,beknown,seem,happen,prove,appear,belikely,becertain,besure,beunlikely,bedestined等,Thelocalhealthorganizationisreported_twenty-fiveyearsagowhenDr.Andonbecameitsfirstpresident.A.tobesetupB.beingsetupC.tohavebeensetupD.havingbeensetup,(C),3.非谓语动词作定语有些动词或形容词要求后接不定式,其同源名词也往往需要用不定式作定语,如:promise,ability,ambition,chance,courage,method,decision,determination,effort,intention,need,tendency,etc.,Theprofessorcanhardlyfindsufficientgrounds_hisargumentinfavorofthenewtheory.A.whichtobaseonB.onwhichtobaseC.tobaseonwhichD.whichtobebasedon,(B),4.分词作状语,_oftheburdenofice,theballoonclimbedupanddriftedtotheSouth.A.TobefreeB.FreeingC.TofreeD.Freed,(D),Thereseemedlittlehopethattheexplorer,_inthetropicalforest,wouldfindhiswaythroughit.A.tobedesertedB.havingdesertedC.tohavebeendesertedD.havingbeendeserted,(D),Thearticleopensandcloseswithdescriptionsoftwonewsreports,each_onemajorpointincontrastwiththeother.A.makesB.madeC.istomakeD.making,(D),Allflights_becauseofthesnowstorm,wedecidedtotakethetrain.A.werecanceledB.hadbeencanceledC.havingcanceledD.havingbeencanceled,(D),Annawasreadingapieceofsciencefiction,completely_totheoutsideworld.A.beinglostB.havinglostC.losingD.lost,(D),从句,定语从句,限制性从句非限制性从句,状语从句,名词性从句,宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句,时间状语从句原因状语从句让步状语从句条件地点目的结果比较方式,-先行词+关系代词/副词+从句,常用疑问代词、疑问副词、从属连词等引导,-先行词(fact,report,idea,news,remark,question等)+that+从句,-由that,as/though引导的让步状语从句的特殊结构,hedoesgetirritatedwithhersometimes.A.AshelikeshermuchB.MuchalthoughhelikesherC.ThoughmuchhelikesherD.Muchashelikesher,(D),使用要点:1.关系代词作直接宾语时可以省略；放在介词后作宾语时，不能省略，介词位于句末时，关系代词可以省略。2.如果关系代词紧跟在介词后面，不能用who或that，只能用whom或which。3.如果先行词是all,anything,something,nothing,everything等不定代词，关系代词一般只用that，不用which。4.如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,last,any,only,few,much,no,some,very,all,mere,unique等词修饰，关系代词常用that，不用which,who或whom。,关系代词：作主语who,which,that作宾语whom,which,that作定语whose,关系副词：when(=at,in,on,duringwhich)在从句中作时间状语。被替代的先行词是表示时间的名词。where(=in,atwhich)在从句中作地点状语。被替代的先行词是表示地点的名词。why(=forwhich)在从句中作原因状语。被替代的先行词只有reason。,定语从句,Suchelectrontubes_weuseinaradiosetarealsofoundinaTVset.A.thatB.asC.whichD.where,(B),_isgenerallyaccepted,economicalgrowthisdeterminedbythesmoothdevelopmentofproduction.A.WhatB.ThatC.ItD.As,(D),as在定语从句中的用法:1.引导限制性定语从句as多和such或thesame连用，可以代替先行词是人或物的名词。在thesameas结构中，as也可以用that代替。如：Suchpeopleaswererecommendedbyhimwerereliable.Idliketousethesametoolasthatisusedhere.,2.引导非限制性定语从句as作为关系代词代替整个主句。as引导的从句位置较灵活，可以位于主句前面、中间或后面，一般用逗号与主句隔开。另外，as后若为is或was+过去分词构成的被动语态，is或was可省掉，which后的is或was在同样情况下则不能省。例如：Asmightbeexpected,Johnwasadmittedtotheuniversity.MoreAmericantroopsarebeingsenttotheMiddleEast,asIhavelearntformthenewspaper.Thematerialiselastic,asshowninthefigure,名词从句重点掌握由what,whoever引导的从句,ProfessorLeesbookwillshowyou_canbeusedinothercontexts.A.thatyouhaveobservedB.thathowyouhaveobservedC.howthatyouhaveobservedD.howwhatyouhaveobserved,(D),IdontthinkthatBobwillcomehereagaintoday.Pleasegivethebookto_comesherefirst.A.whoeverB.whomeverC.whoD.whom,(A),定语从句重点掌握带介词的定语从句、关系代词和关系副词的使用,LivinginthecentralAustraliandeserthasitsproblems,_obtainingwaterisnottheleast.A.ofwhichB.forwhatC.asD.whose,(A),Thevideoindustryisdevelopingsorapidlythatalmostanything_iswrittenwillbeoutofdatebythetimeitisprinted.A.AsB.whichC.thatD.what,(C),Hardlyamancametotheexhibition_wasdeeplyimpressedbytheoriginalityofhisworks.A.butB.thatC.whichD.as,(A),but=who/thatnot,状语从句重点掌握选择合适的从属连词、识别其他词类转化成的连词以及其他特殊形式,Theseniorlibrarianatthecirculationdeskpromisedtogetthebookforme_shecouldrememberwholastborrowedit.A.EversinceB.muchasC.eventhoughD.ifonly,(D),Y