高考英语一轮总复习 第一部分 教材知识梳理 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela-a modern hero课件 新人教版必修1.ppt

Unit5NelsonMandelaamodernhero,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.qualityn.质量,品质;性质2.meanadj.吝啬的;自私的;卑鄙的vt.深爱的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,7.foundvt.建立,建设8.peacefuladj.和平的;平静的peacen.和平;安静peacefullyadv.和平地;平静地9.guidancen.指导;领导guidevt.引导,带领10.legaladj.法律的,依照法律的illegal(反义词)adj.非法的,违法的11.votevt.猛烈的,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,14.equaladj.相等的,平等的equallyadv.相等地,同等地equalityn.平等unequal(反义词)adj.不平等的15.unfairadj.不公正的,不公平的fair(反义词)adj.公正的,公平的16.escapevt.培训educationaladj.教育的,有教育意义的18.begvi.请求,乞求,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,19.rewardn.报酬;奖金vt.酬劳;奖赏20.sentencevt.判决,宣判n.句子21.opinionn.意见;看法,主张,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.devote.to.致力于2.outofwork失业3.asamatteroffact事实上4.blowup使充气;爆炸5.introuble在(危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等)的处境中6.turnto求助于;致力于7.loseheart丧失勇气或信心etopower当权;上台9.setup设立,建立10.besentencedto被判处(徒刑),重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,1.只有在那时,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。.onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.2.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.,Elias,whoisapoorblackworkerinSouthAfrica,cation(educate)becausehisfamilycouldnotcontinuetopaytheschoolfeesandthebusfare.Aftertryinghard,hegotajobinagoldmine.However,hewouldbecomeoutofworkbecausehedidnothaveapassbooktoliveinJohannesburg.2.Fortunately(fortune),hemetNelsonMandela,akindblacklawyer,whooftenoffered3.guidance(guide)topoorblackpeopleontheirlegalproblems.NelsonMandelatoldEliashowtogetthecorrectpaperstostayinJohannesburg,4.whichmadeEliasbecomemorehopefulabouthisfuture.,5.Asamatteroffact,blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.Theycouldnotgetthejobstheywantedandeventheyweresenttoliveinthe6.poorest(poor)partsofSouthAfrica.Therewasntastagewheretheyhadrightsatall.EliasjoinedtheANCYouthLeague,7.organized(organize)byNelsonMandela.“.wewereputintoapositioninwhichwehadeithertoacceptwewerelessimportant,orfightthegovernment.Wechosetoattackthelaws.Wefirstbrokethelawinawaywhichwas8.peaceful(peace);whenthiswasnotallowed.onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.”saidNelsonMandela.Eliaswashappy9.tohelp(help)NelsonMandelablowupsomegovernmentbuildingsevenifhecouldbeputintoprison.Heknewitwouldhelpthemachievetheirdream10.ofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,devotevt.献身;专心于Agreatpersonissomeonewhodevoteshis/herlifetohelpingothers.伟人是把他/她的一生都致力于帮助他人的人。(教材原句P33)常见用法devotesth.to(doing)sth.把时间(钱,精力等)用于(做)某事devoteoneselfto(doing)sth.献身于/致力于Afterhegraduatedhecontinuedtodevotehimselftoresearch.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。Hedevotedhimselftohelpingthepoor.他致力于帮助穷人。Hehasdevotedhiswholelifetobenefitingmankind.他把一生都献给了造福人类的事业。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,拓展延伸1.devotionn.奉献;忠诚;专心devotionto对的忠诚/关爱2.devotedadj.忠实的;深爱的bedevotedto(doing)sth.献身于/专心于Hewasstilldevotedtothestudyofchemistry.他仍致力于化学研究。Thestudentsaredevotedtotheirstudies.学生们专心于学习。现学活用单句填空1.Weappreciatedhisdevotion(devote)oftimeandmoneytotheproject.2.Thewomanscientistwassobusythatshecouldhardlydevotetimetoherchildren.3.Hedevotedhiswholelifetodoing(do)scientificresearch.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,votevt.表决Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.(当时)黑人没有选举权,他们无权选择他们的领导人。(教材原句P34)Thelawwaspassedonasecondvote.此法在第二次表决时通过。常见用法1.votetodosth.表决做某事votefor投票赞成voteagainst投票反对voteon/upon就投票表决votethrough投票通过votesb.outofoffice通过投票表决把某人赶下台,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.getonesvote获得某人的选票passavote通过决议put.tothevote付诸表决/裁决therighttovote选举权,投票权haveavote有表决权Wearegoingtovoteontheplan.我们打算就这一提案进行表决。Imayvoteforheratthenextelection.下届选举我可能选她。Parliamentvotedthebillthroughwithoutadebate.国会未经辩论就投票通过了这项法案。Onlymembersoftheteamhaveavote.只有这个团体的成员才有表决权。拓展延伸votefor表示“投票赞同”;voteagainst表示“投票反对”。类似的结构有:befor/against“支持/反对”,fightfor/against“为而战斗/为反对而战斗”。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用vote的相关短语完成句子1.在中国,未满18岁的人没有选举权。InChina,peopleagedunder18donthavetherighttovote.2.既然我们没有办法达成一致,现在我们就这个问题进行投票表决。Sincewecantreachanyagreement,nowwevoteon/upontheproblem.3.我呼吁大家反对杀害野生动物。Iurgeeverybodytovoteagainstthekillingofwildanimals.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,equaladj.相等的,平等的;胜任的vt.比得上;等于ButIwashappytohelpbecauseIknewitwouldhelpusachieveourdreamofmakingblackandwhitepeopleequal.但是,我很乐意帮忙,因为我知道这有助于我们实现黑人与白人平等的梦想。(教材原句P34)常见用法1.beequalwith.与平等beequalto(doing)sth.等于;能胜任;经得起的beequalin在方面相等的2.equalin在相等equalwith与平等equalto等于,相当于,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Notallmenareequalinability.人的能力并非都是一样的。InmanyrespectsAsianwomenseethemselvesasequaltotheirhusband.在很多方面,亚洲女性都认为自己和丈夫是平等的。Nooneequalshiminstrength.论力气,无人能和他相比。拓展延伸equallyadv.相等地,平等地equalityn.平等反义词：unequaladj.不平等的现学活用单句填空1.Asisoftenpointedout,knowledgeisatwo-edgedweaponwhichcanbeusedequally(equal)forgoodorevil.2.Imnotequaltotheposition.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,escapevt.(从)逃脱,逃离;躲避;使免于vi.逃脱,逃走;泄露n.逃走;泄露Itwasaprisonfromwhichnooneescaped.那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。(教材原句P38)常见用法1.escapedoingsth.躲避做某事escapefrom从中逃出(脱)escapebeingdone逃过被escapeprison逃脱牢狱之灾escapefromprison越狱escapewithoneslife逃命escapewithoutharm安然逃脱,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,2.anescapefrom.从逃离makeonesescape逃走,逃离anarrowescape九死一生,幸免于难Wewereluckytoescapebeingpunished.我们很幸运,没有受罚。Thecriminalescapedfromprison,andthepolicemenwererunningbehind.犯人从狱中逃跑,警察在后面追。Themanmanagedtoescapewithoutharm.那个男人安然逃脱。Thethiefjumpedintoacarandmadehisescape.小偷跳上汽车逃走了。Icongratulatedmyselfonmynarrowescapewhenabillboardfellfromahighbuilding.当一块大的广告牌从一座高楼掉下来时,我暗自庆幸自己死里逃生。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,词义辨析1.escape指脱离或避开即将来临或近在眼前的伤害、危险、灾祸,常作借喻用。Henarrowlyescapedbeingdrown.他险些被溺死。2.flee表示“逃跑”,强调动作,不强调结果。相当于runawayfrom。Theenemysoldierswerefleeinginalldirections,butfewofthemcouldescape.敌兵四处逃窜,但很少能逃出去。3.avoid强调有意识地躲避不愉快的或可能发生危险的事物或情况。Icannotavoidmeetingher.我怎么也避不开她。现学活用单句填空1.Intheaccident,hewasluckytoescapebeingkilled(kill).2.Thesoldierescapedfromtheenemysprison.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,sentencevt.判决,宣判n.句子;判决sentencedtofiveyearshardlabourforencouragingviolenceagainstanti-blacklaws因为鼓励反抗黑人法律的暴力行为而被判处5年劳役(教材原句P39)常见用法1.sentencefor因而判刑sentence(sb.)to判处(某人)besentencedto.被判处(徒刑)besentencedtodeath被判死刑2.undersentence被判刑makeasentence/sentences(with)(用)造句,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Tenarmyofficersweresentencedtodeath.十名军官被判处死刑。Thejudgesentencedhimtodohardlabor.法官判他服劳役。Pleasemakeasentencewiththefollowingwordsgiven.请用下面所给的词造句。现学活用单句填空1.Themurdererwassentencedtodeathforhavingkilledhiswife.2.Haveyougonethroughthesesentences(sentence)?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,outofwork失业;出故障SadlyIdidnothaveonebecauseIwasnotbornthere,andIworriedaboutwhetherIwouldbecomeoutofwork.糟糕的是我没有这个证件,因为我不是在那里出生的,我很担心我是不是会失业。(教材原句P34)拓展延伸outofbreath上气不接下气outofcontrol失控outofsight看不见outoforder出故障;乱七八糟outofdanger脱离危险outofdate过时的,过期的outofplace位置不当,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,outofquestion毫无疑问,的确outofthequestion不可能Theinstrumentwentoutoforder.这个仪器发生故障。Gosh!Myweightisoutofcontrol.天哪!我的体重失控了。Sofartherehasbeennonewsaboutwhetherheisoutofdanger.到现在为止还不知道他是否脱险。现学活用用outof的相关短语完成句子1.展出的服装都过时了。Thedressesonshowareoutofdate.2.我已经失业3个多月了,我迫不及待想开始新工作。Afteroutofworkforoverthreemonths,Iamanxioustostartmynewjob.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,introuble在(危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等)的处境中EliaswenttoseeNelsonMandelawhenhewasintrouble.当伊莱亚斯处于困境中的时候他就去求助纳尔逊曼德拉。(教材原句P35)Doasyouretold,otherwiseyoullbeintrouble.叫你怎么做就怎么做,否则会有麻烦。Heisalwaysreadytohelpthoseintrouble.他总是乐于帮助那些处境困难的人。拓展延伸1.maketrouble惹是生非,制造麻烦getintotrouble遇到麻烦;陷入困境askfor/lookfortrouble找麻烦havetrouble(in)doingsth.做某事有困难havetroublewithsth.对有麻烦take(the)troubletodosth.尽心尽力做某事,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,putsb.tothetroubleofdoingsth.=troublesb.todosth.麻烦某人做某事putsb.totrouble给某人添麻烦2.“in+名词”构成的短语:indanger处于危险中inpeace处于和平状态incontrol在控制下inplace在适当的位置inbattle在战斗中,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用单句填空1.Forexample,ifwenoticeagroupofteenagerswhoseemtobelookingfortrouble,orsomeonedestroyingproperty,wereporttothepolice.2.Doyouhaveanytroublelearning(learn)English?3.Nothinggiveshimmorepleasurethanhelpingsomeoneintrouble.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,turnto求助于;致力于;翻到;转到;变成WhydidNelsonMandelaturntoviolencetomakeblackandwhitepeopleequal?为了让黑人和白人平等,为什么纳尔逊曼德拉求助于暴力?(教材原句P35)Wecanturntohimforhelp.我们可以求助于他。Itriedtostandonmyownfeetratherthanturnedtomyparents.我设法自立而不求助于我的父母。拓展延伸turnup出现;把(开关)开大turndown拒绝;调低turn(.)into.(使)变成;翻译成,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,turnin上交turnoff/on关上/打开(收音机、电灯等)turnover翻转;移交turnout结果是,证明是;在场;露面turnaround/round转身;调头Thecompanyturneddownhisproposal.公司拒绝了他的建议。CanyouturntheletterintoFrench?你能将此信译成法语吗?Icantheartheradioverywell.Couldyouturnitupabit?我听不太清楚收音机(的声音),你把声音开大点行吗?,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用用适当的介词填空1.Sheshavingalotoftroublewiththenewcomputer,butshedoesntknowwhomtoturnto.2.Shekeptturningovertheeventsofthedayinhermind.3.Despiteourworries,everythingturnedoutwell.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,only位于句首的倒装.onlythendidwedecidetoanswerviolencewithviolence.只有在那时,我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。(教材原句P34)当“only+状语”位于句首时,句子要用部分倒装形式,即把谓语的一部分提到主语前面,即构成“Only+状语+助动词/系动词/情态动词+主语+其他”。Only后接的状语可以是副词、介词短语或状语从句。OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.只有这样,我们才能学好英语。IfailedinthefinalexaminationlasttermandonlythendidIrealizetheimportanceofstudies.上学期期终考试我没有及格,只有那时我才意识到学习的重要性。Onlywhenhearriveddidwefeelcalm.只有他来了,我们才能安心。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,特别提醒1.only在句首修饰主语时,语序不倒装。2.若位于句首的不是“only+状语”,而是“only+宾语”等,则通常无须倒装(但有时也可以倒装)。Onlyonethingcanmakehimchangehismind.只有一件事能使他改变主意。Onlyapolicemanthechildrensawinthestreet.孩子们在街上只看到一个警察。OnlyonemorepointwillImake.我只会再说明一点。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.你只有在阅览室才能找到他。Onlyinthereading-roomcanyoufindhim.2.只有到那时我才明白她的意思。OnlythendidIunderstandwhatshemeant.3.只有到我离开父母去意大利时我才意识到我有多么爱他们。OnlywhenIleftmyparentsforItalydidIrealizehowmuchIlovedthem.,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,shouldhavedone本应该做某事(实际上未做)Hetaughtusduringthelunchbreaksandtheeveningswhenweshouldhavebeenasleep.他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。(教材原句P38)shouldhavedone表示本来应该做某事,而实际上并没有做。shouldnothavedonesth.表示本来不该做而实际上做了某事,含有指责对方或自责的意味。能用于这种结构中的情态动词有need,should,could,would,might,oughtto等。1.musthavedone表示对过去情况的肯定推测,意为“一定做过某事”,该结构只用于肯定句。2.canhavedone表示对过去行为的怀疑,用于疑问句,译成“可能做过吗?”。canthavedone表示对过去情况的否定推测,意为“不可能做过某事”。3.couldhavedone表示对过去情况的假设,意为本来能够做某事而没有做,是虚拟语气。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,4.mayhavedone表示对发生过的事情的推测,意为“可能已经”或“也许已经”,用于肯定句中。5.mighthavedone表示对过去事情的推测,might与may意思相同,但可能性更小。多用于虚拟语气结构中。6.wouldhavedone表示对过去情况的假设,意思是“本来会做”,虚拟语气。7.oughttohavedone表示过去应该做而实际并没有做,意为“理应做”,往往表示遗憾。与“shouldhavedone”用法基本一样。8.needhavedone表示本来需要做某事而没有做。neednthavedone表示本来不需要做而实际上做了某事。Itmusthaverainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.昨晚一定下雨了,因为地面还是湿的。MrSmithcanthavegonetoBeijing,forIsawhiminthelibraryjustnow.史密斯先生不可能去北京了,我刚才还在图书馆见过他。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本来他能够通过考试,但是他太粗心。Shemighthaveachievedgreaterprogress,ifyouhadgivenhermorechances.如果你多给她点机会,她可能已经取得更好的成绩。Iwouldhavetoldyouallabouttheboysstory,butyoudidntaskme.我本来会告诉你这个小男孩的故事,但是你没有问我。Ineednthaveboughtsomuchwineonlyfivepeoplecame.我本来没有必要买这么多酒,只来了五个人。,重点短语,重点句型,重点单词,现学活用完成句子1.你本不应该休班,这给其他人都造成了负担。Youshouldnthavetakenthedayofffromwork,whichcreatedaburdenforeveryoneelse.(take)2.他不可能走远,因为他的手机还在这里。Hecanthavegonefar,forhismobilephoneisstillhere.(go)3.没有你的帮助,我不会取得如此大的成绩。Withoutyourhelp,Iwouldnthaveachievedsomuch.(achieve)4.他或许会多给你一些帮助,即使他很忙。Hemighthavegivenyoumorehelp,eventhoughhewasbusy.(give),一、单句填空1.(2015湖南高考改编)OnlyaftertalkingtotwostudentsIdiscoverthathavingstrongmotivationisoneofthebiggestfactorsinreachinggoals.1.did。“only+状语”位于句首,引起部分倒装。句意:直到与两名学生交谈之后我才发现,具有强烈的动机是达成目标的最大因素之一。2.(2015天津高考改编)Tomhadtoturndownthe(invite)tothepartylastweekendbecausehewastoobusy.2.invitation。所填词前面有the修饰,此处应用名词作宾语。3.(2015湖北高考改编)Dontworry.Imsureyourmissingglasseswillturnsoonerorlater.3.up。句意:别着急,我相信,你丢失的眼镜迟早会被找到的。这里用turnup表示“出现,(被)找到”。,4.(2015福建高考改编)Sorry,Mom!Ifailedthejobinterviewagain.Oh,itstoobad.Youshouldhavemadefull(prepare).4.preparations。此处表示“做好准备”,应用名词形式。5.(2015四川高考改编)Outof(breathe),Iswungopenthedoorandgotablastofcoldairthatinstantlycooledmeoff.5.breath。outofbreath为固定搭配,意为“喘不过气,上气不接下气”。6.(2014陕西高考改编)RalphW.Emersonwouldalwayssetnewidea