外研必修3Module 3M3P4 Grammar.ppt

,P4 Grammar,The Violence of Nature,M3,Objectives,1. To learn the past perfect passive 2. To learn indirect speech,Past Perfect Passive,Grammar 1,By the time it ended, more than 700 people had been killed and 2700 had been injured. 2. Coghlan travelled back to Canadaafter he had been buried in Texas! 3. By the end of last month, the work had been finished.,4. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. 5. The work was done earlier than it had been planned. 6. As soon as their homework had been assigned, they started to do it. 7. They left after the door had been locked.,1. By the time the tornado ended, more than 700 people _ and 2700_ . 2. Coghlan travelled back to Canada after he _ in Texas. 3. By the end of last month, the work _. 4. The boy was reminded that his homework _.,had been killed,had been buried,had been finished,had not been handed in,had been injured,go,Ready?,5. The work was done earlier than it _. 6. As soon as their homework _ _, they started to do it. 7. They left after the door _.,had been planned,had been,assigned,had been locked,1. 他到学校的时候，第一节课已经上完了。 By the time he got to the school, the first period _. 2. 老师进来之前教室已经打扫干净了。 The classroom _ before the teacher came. 3. 这个建筑我六岁就建好了。 The building _ when I was 6.,had been finished,had been cleaned,Practice,had been built,4. 截止飓风结束多少房子被毁了？ How many buildings _ when the hurricane ended? 5. 会前已经讨论了新计划吗？ _ the new plan _ before the meeting? 6. 他们说生产成本已经降低。 They said the production costs _.,had been destroyed,Had been discussed,had been reduced,now,past,future,过去完成时,现在完成时,过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作，即“过去的过去”。,过去完成时,过去完成时态构成： 肯定式：had done 否定式：hadnt done 疑问式：Had+主+done? 简略回答：Yes, 主+had. No, 主+hadnt. 缩写形式：Id, hed, wed, theyd.,过去完成时常用句型： 主语过去完成时when引导的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式） Tom was surprised that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party. 主语过去完成时 by 短语 We had learned four thousand new words by the end of last year.,主语过去完成时 by the time引导的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式） He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten. 主语+过去完成时+before引导的从句（从句谓语动词为过去式） He had studied English for five years before he came here.,It was+时间+since+主语+过去完成时 (从句谓语动词是非延续性动词，表示动作持续多长时间了；动词是延续性动词或状态动词，表示动作已结束多长时间了。) It was ten years since the Whites had lived in the village Hardly/ No sooner/ Scarcely had 主语过去分词when/ than/ before一般过去时。 No sooner had we been seated than the bus started.,过去完成时的被动语态,过去完成时的被动语态有以下三种形式： (1)肯定结构： 主语had been done其他成分 (2)否定结构： 主语had not been done其他成分 (3)疑问句结构： had主语been done其他成分 疑问词had主语been done其他 成分,过去完成时的被动语态常用于以下情况：,By the time he got to the school, the first period had been finished. The classroom hadnt been cleaned before the teacher came. How many buildings had been destroyed when the hurricane ended?,(1)表示过去某一时间以前已经完成的动作, 常与by, before等引导的时间状语连用。,(2)在 told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词之后的宾语从句中，若表示过去某一被动动作时，用过去完成时。,They said the production costs had been reduced. The boy was reminded that his homework had not been handed in. The media reported more than 1,000 people had been killed in the earthquake.,(3)根据语意可以判断出动作先后的被动语态，用过去完成时。,As the assignment had been done, he went on to search the Internet. He did what he had been told to.,1. The police found that the house_ and a lot of things_. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into; had been stolen C. has been broken into; stolen D. had been broken into; stolen 6. It was the third time that he of the changes of the meeting. A. had informed B. had been informed C. has informed D. has been informed,3. He collected information on 1,000 people, whose IQ when they were ten years old. A. is tested B. had been tested C. would test D. has tested 4. The nine coal miners _ in the coal mine for 20 hours before we came to their rescue in Yanshan County, Jiangxi Province. A. had trapped B. had been trapping C. would have been trapped D. had been trapped,Indirect speech,Grammar 2,1. He said that he was still working because there was a lot to do. 2. He said that eleven thousand people lived there and six thousand had left. 3. He asked if this meant that the danger was over. 4. He said that they couldnt go back to their houses.,5. The reporter asked when people would be able to return home. 6. My father asked me if I had finished reading that novel. 7. He said that half the residents had left the island the week before. 8. He told me not to be late the next day.,1. He said that he _ still working because there _ a lot to do. 2. He said that eleven thousand people _ there and six thousand _. 3. He asked _this meant that the danger _ over. 4. He said that they _ go back to their houses.,was,was,lived,had left,if,was,couldnt,go,Ready?,5. The reporter asked when people _ able to return home. 6. My father asked me if I _ reading that novel. 7. He said that half the residents _ the island the week before. 8. He told me _late the next day.,would be,had finished,had left,not to be,1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.” Jack told me that _ worried _. A. he looked today B. you look today C. we looked that day D. I looked that day,单选,2. We said to her, “Theyre walking through the street now.” We told her that _ through the street _. A. we were walking then B. you are walking now C .they were walking then D. they walking now,3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.” Mr Black said that _ a long way _. A. I had walked last week B. he had walked that week C. I walked last week D. he has walked this week,4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.” The man thought that _ take it back _. A. I shall tomorrow B. I shall the next day C. he should tomorrow D. he would the next day,5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house?” They asked us _ afraid to leave _ house. A. that were we this B. that we were that C. if were we this D. if we were that,6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?” Jane asked _ about _. A. that he heard a week ago B. what he had heard a week before C. what he had heard a week ago D. if he heard a week ago,7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time?” She asked whose house _ break into _. A. will he next time B. would he the next time C. he would the next time D. he will next time,8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?” Jack asked her where _ holidays. A. she spent her B. you spend your C. she spend her D. you spent your,9. Black asked me, “Why havent you left here yet?” Black asked me why _ yet. A. I hadnt left there B. I havent left here C. hadnt I left there D. havent I left here,10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?” The teacher asked her _ the sun _ in the east. A. ifrise B. ifrises C. whetherrose D. whether did rise,Differences,direct speech,indirect speech,To report what exactly has been said,The words usually appear in quotation marks,To report what has been said without using the exact words,No quotation marks,Whatre the differences between direct speech and indirect speech?,引语的概念,直接引述别人的原话，叫_;,直接引语,用自己的话把别人的话陈述出来，叫 _。,间接引语,直接引语通常都用_括起来，,引号“ ”,间接引语在多数情况下都构成一个 _。,宾语从句,How to change direct speech into indirect speech?,a. Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase; b. Change personal pronouns; c. Change tenses; d. Change adverbials of time and place; e. Other cases.,a. Change what has been said to an object clause or an infinitive phrase,The teacher said, “The earth goes round the sun.” The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.,The official said, “Get ready before lunch.” The official ordered us to get ready before lunch.,He said, “I like it very much.” He said that he liked it very much.,He said to me, “Ive left my book in your room. He told me that he had left his book in my room.,b. Change personal pronouns:,I said to her, “I have done my best.”,I told her that I had done my best.,Past Continuous Tense,Past Perfect Tense,Past Perfect Tense,Past Future Tense,Past Perfect Tense,Past Perfect Con-tinuous,Simple Past Tense,c. The changes of the tenses,“Im making coffee for you all,” she said. She said she was making coffee for us all.,“I have seen her before,” said he. He said he had seen her before.,He said, “I have been doing it for hours.” He said he had been doing it for hours.,“I saw her last Monday,” he said. He said he had seen her the previous Monday.,He said, “I lost a key here yesterday.” He said that he had lost a key there the day before/the previous day.,“I read the book here a week ago,” Jane said to him. Jane told him that she had read the book there a week before.,d. Change adverbials of time and place,e. Other cases,She said, “Ill come here again tonight.”,She said she would go there again that night.,He said, “I want this.”,He said that he wanted that.,May said to Tom, “Ill bring some photos here to you tomorrow.”,May told Tom she would take some photos there to him the next day.,由直接引语转变为间接引语, 下列情况 时态不变:,1. 不变的真理 The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.” The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0.,2. 经常的习惯 He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.” He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.,3. 历史事件 The teacher said, “World War II ended in 1945.” The teacher said that World War II ended in 1945. 4. 部分情态动词, 如must, ought to, used to, had better等： She said to me, “You must hurry up.” She said that I must hurry up.,转述他人的陈述陈述句, She asked me what I was doing.,He said, “Im going to Beijing.”, He said that he was going to Beijing.,He asked, “Are you a teacher?”, He asked me if /whether I was a teacher.,She said, “What are you doing?”,2. 转述他人的疑问一般疑问句,3. 转述他人的问题特殊疑问句,解题步骤:,1. 陈述句:,“I dont like computers,” Sarah said to her friends.,Sarah said to her friends,that,I dont like,computers.,told,didnt,she,Sarah told her friends that she didnt like computers.,Tom said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.,Tom said, “There isnt any trouble and Im waiting for my change (零钱).”,注意: 当两个或两个以上的宾语从句并 列时, 仅能省略第一个that, 其余的不能 省略。,2. 一般疑问句: Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil? (They asked him),They asked him,if,It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,it is easy to improve the condition of the soil.,asked,is,was,They asked him if it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.,3. 特殊疑问句： When do you harvest the wheat? (They asked him),They asked him,when,you harvest the wheat,you harvest the wheat.,he,harvested,They asked him when he harvested the wheat.,harvested,根据句型及句意将下列直接引语变为 间接引语，每空一词。 1. Alice said, “Ive just got a letter from my father.” Alice said that _ _ just got a letter from _ father. 2. Jane asked Dick, “Have you finished writing the report?” Jane asked Dick _ _ _ _ writing the report.,she had,her,whether/if he,had finished,3. “Dont grow plants in the same place year after year,” the farmer said. The farmer _ me _ _ _ plants in the same place year after year. 4. Mr. Smith said to the girl, “I will come here to see you next Sunday.” Mr. Smith _ the girl that _ _ _ there to see _ _ _ Sunday.,told not to grow,told,he would go,her,the following,Review,复习过去完成时的被动语态 2. 复习间接引语,注: word 文档 点击此处链接,Individual activity,At the end of the meeting, it was announced that an agreement _. (2007 江苏) A. has been reached B. had been reached C. has reached D. had reached 2. John had to have his car repaired in a garage because it _ seriously. (2007 上海春) A. damaged B. was being damaged C. had damaged D. had been damaged,实战高考,3. Experiments of this kind _ in both the U.S. and Europe well before the Second World War. (2011 北京) A. have conducted B. have been conducted C. had conducted D. had been conducted,1. He told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed. He _ _ me, “A friend in need_ a friend indeed.” 2. She asked the students to tidy the lab. “_ the lab,” she _ to the students. 3. He said that he liked the film very much. He said, “_ _ the film very much.”,根据句型及句意将下列间接引语变为直接引语，每空一词。,said to,is,Tidy,said,I like,4. She said that she had received a letter two days before. She said ,“_ _ a letter _ _ _ .” 5. He asked me whether I liked black t