张道真实用英语语法课件Chapter1.ppt

Practical English Grammar,Instructor: Huang Xiaorui,Warming-up,Group Discussion Topic for discussion: What is grammar in your eyes? How do you think of learning English grammar based on your past experience?,Syllabus,Morphology Verb Syntax,Introduction,General Definition Grammar is a discipline which studies the changes of word forms and sentence structures. The one which deals with the changes of word forms is called morphology, and the other which studies sentence structures is called syntax. Thus grammar consists of morphology and syntax.,Introduction,Grammar & Words Discussion What is the relationship between grammar and words?,Parts of Speech,Noun Pronoun Numeral Adjective Verb Adverb Article Preposition Conjunction Interjection,Notional words,Form words,汉语的词内划分,名词 代词 数词 形容词 动词 副词 叹词 区别词 量词 拟声词,介词 连词 助词 语气词,实词,虚词,英汉词类对比,Noun Pronoun Numeral Adjective Verb Adverb Article Preposition Conjunction Interjection,名词 代词 数词 形容词 动词 副词 量词 介词 连词 语气词,Parts of Speech,Determiner Determiners are those words which determine or modify the post nouns. e.g. Articles: a, an, the Possessive pronouns: his, your, my, etc. Indefinite pronouns used as modifiers: some, any, many, little, etc. Demonstrative, interrogative, and relative pronouns used as modifiers: this, what, whose, whoever, etc.,Concurrence of parts of speech,In English, one word can often be used as several parts of speech. e.g. after: prep. conj. adv. adj. It is easy to be wise after the event. (prep.) I will tell them the news after you leave. (conj.) A moment after there was a knock at his door. (adv.) In after years I became familiar with it. (adj.),Suffix,Some suffixes can show the parts of speech of word. e.g. noun suffix -er (fighter) -or (tailor) ist (artist) adj. suffix -ful (careful) ish (childish) adv. suffix -ly (luckily) wise (likewise),Sentence,The formation of sentences Morpheme word phrase clause sentence Components of sentences a. Subject My sister is a nurse. b. Predicate She knows a little English.,Sentence,Components of sentences c. Object She is writing a letter now. d. Predicative She is a conscientious girl. e. Attribute Her living room isnt very big. f. Adverbial She goes to work very early.,Sentence,Components of sentences g. Appositive This is my sister Mary. h. Parenthesis This is a good way, I think. i. Vocative Sit down, Mary.,Sentence,Classification of Sentence From purpose A. Statement Beijing is the capital of China. B. Question Where do you come from? C. Imperative Dont be late again. D. Exclamation What a beautiful girl!,Sentence,Classification of Sentence From structure A. Simple sentences We love our great motherland. B. Compound sentences Honey is sweet, but the bee stings. C. Complex sentences Do you see what I mean?,Sentence,The classification of questions A. General questions Are you from China? B. Special questions Where have you been? C. Alternative questions Would you like coffee or tea? D. Disjunctive questions (Tag questions) This is your office, isnt it?,Words, phrases and clauses,A. Words We are proud of our country. Subject Predicative Attribute B. Phrases Verbal phrases What have you been doing? Infinitive phrases She loved to play the piano.,Words, phrases and clauses,B. Phrases Gerundial phrases His major interest is painting pictures. Participial phrases Theres a freeway connecting the two cities. Prepositional phrases The boys went swimming in the river. Noun phrases Thanks a lot.,Words, phrases and clauses,C. Clauses that-clause I admitted that Id been wrong. wh-clause Do you know who he is? the clause introduced by