高三复习之英语基本句型.docx

简单句的五种基本句型By Zhang Xiucai. Teaching aims:Enable the students to write a correct sentence with simple sentences. . Teaching difficult and important points:How to apply this skill in writing. Teaching methods:Task-based teaching method, discussion and so on. Resources used: MultimediaStep 1 Review how many simple sentence patterns and what they are. 英语句子长短简繁不一，表面上似乎难以捉摸，但可以从实质上发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。即可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。英语五种基本句型列式如下：基本句型一： +i （主谓） 基本句型二： +l + （主谓/系表） 基本句型三： +t + （主谓宾） 基本句型四: +t +IO +DO(主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五: +t + +O（主谓宾宾补）Step 2 Analyze the part of speech of the following sentences. 分析下列句子成分。 1.Plants need water. 2.The flower is so fresh.3.They work hard.4.He gives me some seeds.5.We should keep the plants in the shade. 6.Many animals live in trees. Step 3 Introduce simple sentence patterns.基本句型 一(subject) +Vi(verb)（主谓） 1. 特点:句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以 跟_等。 e.g. His words works. 2. 本结构是由_构成, 常用来表示主语的_。如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 3. 主语可有修饰语-_，谓语可有修饰语-_。如: 1. The red sun rises in the east.2. So they had to travel by air or boat.3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus.4. She sat there alone, reading a novel.5. He came back when we were eating.6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.Exercise 分析下列句子成分。 She cooks.He is working. What he said does not matter.The pen writes smoothly.巩固练习： 1明天她会过来。2会议将持续两个小时。3在过去的十年里，（在）我的家乡已经发生了巨大的变化。4. 正在睡觉的婴儿笑了。5每天八时开始上课。6. 自从我大学毕业后，我已经工作五年了。7五年前我住在梅州。8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。10. 每天下午有许多学生去操场打篮球。基本句型 二 + +（主系表） 1. 特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做(连)系动词。 2. 系动词可分四类： 1 ).表示特征和存在状态的 be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound; 2）表示状态延续的 remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;3）表示状态变化的 become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; Exercise 分析下列句子成分。He is happy.Every thing looks nice. His face turned red. 巩固练习：1冬季白天短，夜晚长2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园里照看儿童。5他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了7这个报告听起来很有意思基本句型 三 + +（主谓宾） 特点：谓语动词都是_，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟_，即动作的_，才能使意思完整。 这类动词叫做_。 e.g. We like the movie.Exercise 分析下列句子成分。We study English everyday.They are playing football.He enjoys reading.She said “Good morning.”巩固练习：1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。4玛丽出生时重五公斤。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。 6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。Step 4 Homework请划分以下句子的成分。1The soup tastes delicious.2He fell ill suddenly.3Our well has gone dry.4The sun was shining brightly .5The moon rose high in the sky.6She smiled her thanks.7He has refused to help them.8I am considering changing my job next month.基本句型 四 + +IO +D（主谓间宾直宾） 特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者.通常可_ e.g. She gave me an apple.= _ 说明：此结构由“主语+谓语动词(及物动词)+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。如：He brings me cookies every day. 但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。如： He brings cookies to me every day. She made a beautiful dress for me. 用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。 用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。 常跟双宾语的动词有：（需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等； （需借助for 的） buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。分析下列句子成分。I give him a book.My mother bought me a pen yesterday.I showed him my picture.常见的可以接双宾语的动词有: tell(告诉某人),tellsb sth (tell sth to sb) send(送给某人),sendsb sth (send sth to sb) give(给某人), give sb sth (give sth to sb) bring(带给某人), bringsb sth (bring sth to sb) leave(留给某人), leave sb sth (leave sth to sb) pass(递给某人),passsb sth (pass sth to sb) read(给某人读),readsb sth (read sth to sb) write(给某人写), write sb sth (write sth to sb) take(给某人拿),takesb sth (take sth to sb) show(给某人看),showsb sth (show sth to sb) teach(教给某人), teach sb sth (teach sth to sb) lend(借给某人),lendsb. sth (lend sth to sb) return(还给某人) return sb sth (return sth to sb) hand(递给某人) handsb sth (hand sth to sb) throw(扔给某人) throw sb sth (throw sth to sb) get(为某人弄到), getsb sth (get sth for sb) pay(支付给某人), paysb sth (pay sth for sb) buy(为某人买), buysb sth (buy sth for sb) do(为某人做) do sb sth (do sth for sb) sing(为某人唱) sing sb sth (sing sth for sb) play(为某人演奏) play sb sth (play sth for sb) cook(为某人煮) cook sb sth (cook sth for sb) choose(为某人选择) choose sb sth (choose sth for sb) make(为某人做) make sb sth (make sth for sb) save(为某人留) save sb sth (save sth for sb) fetch(为某人去取) fetch sb sth (fetch sth for sb)巩固练习：1今年张老师教我们英语。 2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。 3请把那本字典递给我好吗？ 4他把车票给列车员（conductor）看。 5你可以借些钱给我吗？6下课后小莉将为我们唱一首歌。7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣基本句型 五 + + +O（主谓宾宾补） 特点：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾 语还不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一 个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。 判断原则：_ e.g. We made him the manager. 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing.You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor.He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如：I found it very pleasant to be with your family. 分析下列句子成分。 We must keep the door open. The news makes me happy. We call him Jim. He told me to wash the plates. I saw a thief going into your room.1、接名词作宾语补足语的动词有：call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep, wish, feel等I considered him a genius.We elected John our monitor.2.接形容词作宾语补足语的动词有： make, keep, think, find, consider,等 I wish you successful. At first I found English hard. 3. 接副词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有keep,let,find,put,push等。如:Let the fresh air in.They couldnt find the way back.4. 动词不定式作宾语补足语时通常分为下面三种情况： 1）接带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有tell, want, ask, wish, teach等。如： Tell him to come here the day after tomorrow. 告诉他后天到这里来。2）接不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的有hear, see, watch, let, make等。如： He made us laugh.3）接带to或不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词常见的是help。如： She often helps her mother（to） do some housework.5. 接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有watch, see, hear, find, keep等。如： In the country, he can hear birds singing. I saw the little girl dancing. 6. 接过去分词作宾语补足语的动词常见的有want, see, hear, find, keep, get, leave等。如：Lucy will make herself known.I want the work finished soon.7. 接介词短语作宾语补足语的动词常见的有find, keep, take, consider,等