初中英语初二非谓语动词.doc

第十三讲 非谓语动词之动词不定式 姓名_学校_年级_【学习目标】掌握动词不定式的用法。【知识要点】 动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一，也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。它是动词的一种非谓语形式，没有人称和数的变化，不能单独作句子的谓语。其构成形式为to+动词原形，to为动词不定式的符号，本身无意义。 动词不定式具有两大特点：1.具有动词的特点，因此，后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语，构成动词不定式短语。2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点，可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。 下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例，对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点，作一简要的总结和分析。一、动词不定式作主语1. Its our duty _ the room every day.A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans (甘肃省)2. Its hard for us _ English well.A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning (江西省)3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will _ the workers over a year _ _ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)4. Its very nice _ you to get me two tickets _ the World Cup.A. for， of B. of， for C. to， for D. of， to(安徽省)Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take， to， build 4. B简析动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth. 常用nice， kind， clever， good， right， wrong， foolish， careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质; (2)It is +名词(for sb)to do sth. (3)It takes sb some time to do sth. (4)It is +形容词(for sb)to do sth.常用hard， difficult， easy， important等形容词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。二、动词不定式作宾语1. He wants _ some vegetables.A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)2. Dont forget _ your homework with you when you come to school.A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)3. He found it very difficult _.A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D简析在want， like， agree， hope， wish， learn， begin， start， seem， decide， hate， choose， forget， remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。补充1：动词不定式可以作介词的宾语。 Autumn harvest is about to start. 秋收即将开始。 Im worrying about what to do next. 我正愁下一步该怎么办。补充2：“疑问词 + 动词不定式”结构可以作动词 know、think、find out 、show、teach、ask等的宾语。 I dont know who to ask. 我真不知道该问谁。She told me where to find the earphone. 她告诉我什么地方可以找到耳机。三、动词不定式作宾语补足语1. Robert often asks us _ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends _ Chinese food.A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)Key： 1. B 2. C简析不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask， teach， expect， tell， allow等。四、动词不定式作状语1. She went _ her teacher.A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best _ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C简析go， come， try， do / try ones best等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。3. Im sorry _ that.A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)4. My mother was very glad _ her old friend.A. to meet B. meet C. met D. meets (甘肃省)Keys： 3. D 4. A简析be +形容词+ to do sth结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因或方式。6. The panda is so fat that it cant go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole _ _ _ _ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldnt skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasnt _ enough _ people _ _ _. (广东省)Keys： 6. is， too， small， for 7. thick， for， to， skate， on简析在上述too +形容词/副词(for sb)to do(太而不能)和enough (for sb) to do(足以、足够做)结构中，不定式作结果状语。五、动词不定式作定语1. Would you like something _?A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks (湖北省)2. I have a lot of homework _.A. do B. doing C. did D. to do (河南省)3. He is not an easy man _.A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with (山东省)Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D简析不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系;如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。六、不带to的动词不定式1. We saw him _ the building and go upstairs.A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered (河南省)2. So much work usually makes them _ very tired.A. to feel B. feels C. feeling D. feel (吉林省)3. Your father is sleeping. Youd better _.A. not wake up him B. not to wake up himC. not wake him up D. not to wake him up (陕西省)Key： 1. B 2. D 3. C 简析1.在see， watch， hear， feel等感官动词和make， have， let等使役动词后面作宾语补足语的不定式不带to.但是在被动语态中，作主语补足语的不定式要带to(let没有被动语态)。2.在had better后面接不带to的不定式。七、动词不定式的否定形式1. Mr Black asked the man _ the queue.A. not to jump B. to not jumpC. didnt jump D. not jump (广西壮族自治区)2 There is going to _ an important meeting tomorrow. Please try _ late.A. have， not to be B. have， not beC. be， not to be D. be， not be (内蒙古自治区)Key： 1. A 2. C简析动词不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号to的前面加上not，如果是不带to的不定式就直接在动词原形前面加上not.八、某些动词后面接不定式和接动词-ing形式的区别1. Please stop _ a rest if you feel tired.A. to have B. having C. have D. has (广西壮族自治区)2. Why didnt you buy some bread on your way home?Sorry, I forgot _ some money with me.A. take B. taking C. to take D. took (湖北省)3. Lets have a rest, shall we?Not now, I cant stop _ the letters.A. write B. to write C. writing D. and write (湖北省)4. Jim was badly hurt, so he had to stop _ (walk). (用所给单词的正确形式填空)(四川省)Key： 1. A 2. C 3. C 4. walking简析一些常见的动词后面接不定式和接动词的-ing形式的区别如下：stop to do sth意为停止正在做的事情去做另外一件事，stop doing sth意为停止正在做的事：remember to do sth意为记住去做某事(事还未做)，remember doing sth意为记得做过某事(事已做)：go on to do sth意为接着做某事(做完一事，接着做另一事)，go on doing sth意为继续做某事(一事未做完接着往下做)：forget to do sth意为忘了做某事(事还未做)，forget doing sth意为忘了曾做过某事(事已做)。5. When I was walking in the street I saw a plane _ over my head.A. flies B. flying C. flew D. to fly (福建省)6. A woman saw it _ when she was walking past.A. happen B. happens C. happening D. to happen (黑龙江省)Key： 5. B 6. A简析在see， hear， watch， feel等感官动词后面可接不带to的不定式，也可接动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语，用不定式表示动作的全过程(动作已结束)，用动词的-ing形式表示动作正在进行(动作尚未结束)。九、动词不定式的省略及其符号to的保留1. Would you like to go to the cinema with us?Yes, _. What time are we going to meet?A. I would B. I would like C. I like to D. Id like to (浙江省)2. Would you like to go for a picnic with us?_. What time are we going to meet?A. No, I cant B. Yes, Im gladC. Yes, Id love to D. Id like (大连市)Keys： 1. D 2. C简析在口语中，动词不定式中的动词或短语动词在上下文中重复出现时，第二个动词不定式可以省略，但是to不可省略。这种用法常见于be glad to，would like (love) to，have to等结构中。十、动词不定式的被动式和其他形式The new hospital _ is near the factory.A. build B. builds C. to build D. to be built (青海省)Key： D简析当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式所表示的动作的承受者(宾语)时，用动词不定式的被动式，即：to be +过去分词;如果不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，不定式用完成式，即：to have +过去分词;如果不定式表示的动作和谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，用不定式的进行式，即：to be +现在分词不定式省to有四种情况： 使役动词 let, have, make 等后接不定式。如：Let him go! 让他走! would rather，had better后。如：You had better stay at home.你最好呆在家里。 Why. / why not.后。如：Why not have a good rest on Sunday? 为什么星期天不好好休息一下呢? 感官动词 see, watch, look at, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后作宾补，省to。如：I saw him dance. 我看见他跳舞。 注意：这些情况在被动句中可千万不可省to！(let除外) 如：The boss made them work the whole night. 变成被动句：They were made to work the whole night. 不定式的特殊用法： It与不定式：动词不定式可以做主语，但如果动词不定式太长，显得头重脚轻的，那么我们就可用形式主语it代替，而把真正主语(即不定式)放于句尾。 如: It is not difficult for me to study English well.(对我来说学好英语是可能的。)不定式还可以充当句子的宾语，但有些动词，如find，think，believe 等，在语法上不能接受不定式作宾语，只有用it作形式宾语，从而把动词不定式置于句尾。这样的不定式可继续充当其宾语的作用。 如: I found it difficult to fall asleep.我发现很难入睡。 还有一点：动词不定式，还可用在how，when，where，what，which 等疑问代词或副词之后，与其共同作宾语。如：I dont know how to use a computer.我不知道怎样使用电脑。Remember?too.to.和enough.to：too.to表达太 . 一致于不能.。 enough . to 表达 足以.。这两个词组的用法用两个例子就可以说清楚了。 The box is too heavy for me to lift.这个箱子太沉了，我提不动。 He is old enough to go to school.他到上学的年龄了。也就是说，他的年龄足够上学了。【经典练习】一选择： 1. Tell him _ the window. A. to close not B. not to close C. to not close D. not close 2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He always works hard. A. learn B. to learn C. learned D. learning 3. Youd better _the story in Japanese. A. say B. speak C. tell D. talk 4. The patient was warned _ oily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eating 5. - I usually go there by train. - Why not _ by boat for a change? A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going 6. There are some books on the floor, would you like _? A. to pick them up B. to pick up them C. pick it up D. pick up it 7. She is very ill, lets _a doctor at once. A. to wake up B. send for C. to pay for D. pay for 8. I want _a teacher when I grow up. A. to be B. to C. be D. being 9. Its cold here. Youd better _ your coat. A. not take out B. not to take down C. not take off D. not to take away 10. My mother told me _more water. A. drinking B. drank C. to drink D. drink 11.We saw him _ the building and go upstairs. A. to enter B. enter C. entering D. entered12. “Dont always make Michacl _ this or that. He is already a big boy, dear.” Mr Bush said to his wife. A. do B. to do C. does D. did 13.The young lady watched her daughter _ a yo-yo yesterday afternoon. A. to play with B. playing with C. to play D. plays 14. There is no difference between in the two words. I really dont know _. A. what to choose B. which to choose C. to choose which D. to choose what15. Excuse me. Would you please tell me _ buy a digital camera? A. what to B. where to C. what I can D. where can I 16. Bob, would you like to come to our dinner party? - _.A. Yes, I would B. Yes, Id love to C. No, I wouldnt D. No, I dont go17. The teacher will show him _. A. to use B. use it C. how to use it D. uses18. John was made _ the truck for a week as a punishment. A. to wash B. washing C. wash D. to be washing 19. Remember _ your homework here tomorrow. A. to bring B. to take C. bringing D. taking20Have you got everything ready for the trip? -Yes. Theres nothing _.A. to worry about B. need to worry about C. to worry at all D. worrying about 二: 根据句意，用所给动词的适当形式填空。1.If he doesnt know, how _ (use) the recorder, youd better _ (show) him. 2.He is the last one _ (leave) the office every day3.Its bad manners _ (shout) in public. 4.The boy is old enough _ (dress) himself.5.She is too ill _ (go) to school.6.Stop _(talk) and listen to me carefully. 7.It is