形容词与副词(比较等级).doc

专题三 形容词与副词（比较等级）1 形容词是用来修饰名词或描述事物的一类词，它可以用来表示事物大小、长短、颜色、形状等，例tall, big, high, long, green, heavy；副词是用来修饰动词或形容词的一类词，它可以表示事物发生的时间、地点、程度、方式，副词通常以ly结尾，它可以由其对应形容词加ly或变y为I加ly得到，例：sadly，really，happily。2 判断句子中某处用形容词还是副词，关键是找出它用来修饰什么词。是修饰名词，则填入形容词，例一：This is a _ ( beautiful, beautifully ) park. 正确的应填入前者beautiful，因为此处park是名词，应用一个形容词beautiful修饰。例二：He often speaks English very _ ( quick, quickly ). 正确的应填入后者，因为此处句中已有一个实义动词speaks，用一个副词来修饰它。试比较另一例：He is really a _ ( quick, quickly ) speaker, 该用什么？3一般形容词直接加ly变成副词，例：carefulcarefully，strangestrangely。以辅音加y结尾的形容词变y为I加ly，例：heavyheavily，luckyluckily。4某些副词与其对应形容词完全一样，例：lively，lovely，early，friendly，hard。注意hard加上ly后变为另一个词hardly（几乎不）。5某些动词(surprise，excite，interest，amaze，tire，bore)变成形容词有2种形式，加ed的修饰人，加ing的修饰物，要注意区分，例：an exciting match, an excited worker, 6形容词前加the可以表示一类人，例：the poor，the rich，the old，the young，the disabled。练习：I。判断以下名句错误：1 Mr. Smith is very happily today. He cant help laughing now.2 The man is a carefully man. He reads books very careful.3 Kate became very interesting in science last year. She thought it was interested.4 John worked very hardly and later he became an inventor.5 “Sorry. Please speak slow. I cant hear what you said clear.II用形容词与副词适当形式填空：1 How _ is that road? About 8 metres _. English is _ used for business between different countries. ( wide )2 He is a hard-woking student. He studies _ every day.If we go on cutting down trees, there will be _ any trees on the earth. ( hard )3 Father Christmas isnt a _ person. But in Jims family Mr. Green is _ Father Christmas. ( real )4 “What an _ book!” Tom shouted and he was very _. ( excite )5 _, she was not badly hurt. I think she was really _ just now. ( lucky )6 “What _ news!” Our monitor told us rather _. ( sad )7 “Nice to meet you!” The teacher said to me very _. ( friendly )8 The composition is a _ one. Its _ written. ( wonderful )9 The _ work made him rather _. ( tire )10“Are you _?”He looked at me _. ( happy )11Florence often helped the _ even though she was not very rich herself. ( poor )比较等级1 形容词与副词的比较等级有3种：原级、比较级与最高级。原级是指形容词、副词本身；当A、B两事物有所比较时用比较级，通常句子中有than一词出现，比较级通常以er结尾；表达“最”意义时用形容词与副词的最高级，它常以est结尾，其前面加定冠词the。2 一般形容词与副词的比较级在原级后直接加er，例：strongstronger，nicenicer，hardharder；重读闭音节的形容词与副词双写最后一个字母加er，例：hothotter，thinthinner；以辅音加y结尾的变y为I加er，例：heavyheavier，earlyearlier；以上所有形容词与副词的最高级变法与比较级相同，只不过加er变成加est，例：hothottest，fatfattest。3 两个音节（包括两个）以上的形容词与副词的比较级需要在词前加more，最高级在词前加（the）most，例carefulmore carefulthe most careful，interestingmore interestingthe most interesting；注意识记一些不规则比较等级，例：good (well)betterbest，ill（bad，badly）worseworst，manymoremost，littlelessleast。4 Clever有2种比较级（cleverer与more clever），2种最高级（the cleverest与most clever）；slowly有2种比较级（more slowly与slower），最高级同法；以此类推，quickly比较级是_或_，最高级是_或_。5 形容词与副词的比较级可以用much，a little, far等来修饰，例：much bigger，a little earlier，far more dangerous。当句中限定一个范围时常用最高级，例：He is the shortest in his class.6 词组one of（其中之一）后加入最高级，例：one of the largest cities, one of the richest men.7 序数词后加最高级，表示“第几”的意义，例：the second biggest island, the third longestriver。两者程度一样可用asas句型，中间加原级，例：Lucy is as careful as Lily. They are good at study. 它的否定形式为not asas或not soas，例：He is not so (as) clever as you think.8 两个比较级用and连接，表示“越来越”的含义，例：colder and colder，more and more，higher and higher；2个音节以上的形容词与副词若表达以上含义，用2个more 来修饰，例：more and more beautiful，more and more dangerous。9 注意一特殊句式表达“越越.”的含义，前后都用比较级，the不可省，例：The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.练习：I。写出以下形容词与副词的比较级与最高级（可省略the）tall_；deep_；angry_；early_；cloudy_；heavy_；much_；badly_；free_；friendly_；fat_；beautiful_II填入正确的形容词与副词比较等级（不可省略the）1I can jump 3.5 metres. Can you jump _ ( far ) than me?2Shes 16 now. Well, she is a little _ ( young ). Im 18.3 Travelling by train is far _ _ ( enjoyable ) than travelling by bus.4 Beijing is really nice. Yes. 2008 is coming. I hope itll be_ _ _ _.5 Taiwan is _ _ ( large ) island in China while Hainan is_ second _ ( large ) island.6 “Mum, this T-shirt is becoming _ _ _ ( small ). Can you buy me a big one?7 Peter is a good runner. So is Bob. He can run as _ ( quickly ) as Peter.8 Mount Emei is one of _ _ _ ( famous ) mounts in China.9 _ _ ( more ) trees we cut down, _ _ ( little ) land we have.10Look at the boy. Hes _ _ in his class. Hes _ than any other boy. ( tall )11How is your father feeling today? Hes much _ ( well ), thank you.12We must plant more trees. The _ ( many ), the _ ( good ).13We can do the