Unit1汉英翻译概说以及汉英翻译的原则.doc

Unit 1 汉英翻译概说以及汉英翻译的原则课时：2H教学目的要求：在学习英汉翻译的基础上，初步了解汉译英的概况，了解中国文化对汉译英的影响以及汉英翻译中三条基本原则。 教学重点：中国文化对汉英翻译的影响及处理，如何在汉英翻译中注意基本的原则。教学难点：如何使译文准确、地道。教学内容：I. 汉英翻译与中西文化:（摘自汉英误译经典例析1000p75）文化误译1) 他红光满面。 His face is very red.2）这故事发生在唐朝宝历二年。The story is set in Baoli second year in Tang Dynasty.3) 周瑜打黄盖，一个愿打，一个愿挨。 Zhou Yu beats Huang Gai- the punishment is given by one and accepted by another.4) 老刘是个多面手。Lao liu is a jack of all trades.5) 他是个醋劲十足的女人。She is a woman full of vinegar.6）汤姆像猪一样笨。Tom is as silly as a pig.7) 他瘦得像猴子。He is as thin as a monkey.8) 虎门出豹子。Out of tigers gate comes a leopard.9) 他这人总是指鹿为马。He is a man who always calls a deer a horse.10) 我决心完成组织上交给我的任务。I resolved to fulfill the task given me by the organization.II. 汉英翻译的原则1 汉语译成地道英语的难度，出现各种各样的缺失：“中国式”英语（解决办法，阅读大量原作，观察、揣摩、总结并模仿英语的特点、规律和表达方法）。2 遵循三条原则：1) 译文必须符合英语的语法：三种轴心结构：a. 主系表结构 (S+V+P)例：a) 人类在地球上已存在多久了？How long has man been on earth?b) 牛奶变酸了。Milk turns sour.b. There be结构 (表示存在有的概念，seem (appear) to be, seem, appear, stand, lie, get, become, arise, come)例：a) 计算机有点毛病。There is something the matter with the computer.b) 随着国民经济和国防事业的发展，对通信提出了新的要求。As our national economy and national defence develop, there arises a new demand for communications.c) 从理论上讲，供应这么多水似乎不成问题。 In theory there seems to be no problem in supplying this amount of water.c. 主-谓-宾结构 (S+ V+O)a) 主谓(主语不及物动词) e.g. Wheels turn. 车轮转动。b) 主谓宾 eg：Men turns wheels. 人们转动车轮。c) 主谓宾 eg：Cows give us milk (give milk to us). to ask a favor of sb. to ask sb. for a favor.d) 主谓宾宾补(可由名词，形，副词，动词不定式，分词，分词短语，介词短语等构成) eg：Thunder turns milk sour. 打雷使牛奶变酸。2) 译文必须符合英语的习惯表达（英语惯用法，避免中国式英语）：例如：a. 百闻不如一见。Seeing is believing.b. 宣传 propaganda（少用，多含负面成分）political propaganda；publicity多用，为中性词c. 精神文明 spiritual civilization (含宗教色彩) ethical and cultural progressd. 街道妇女 不可贸然译成 “Street women/girls/ladies-prostitutes” e. 我对他们都不喜欢。I like none of them.f. 世界上绝没有你刚才所说的那么一本书。There is no such a book as you mentioned just now.g. 我认为他不够格。I dont think he is qualified.h. 人们来五台山，目的可不都是一样。People do not come to Wutai Mountain with one and the same purpose.3) 译文应体现英语遣词造句的特点，同时又应因文体而有变化。a. 名词使用频率高，特别是含有动作性质的抽象名词等，可以既包含丰富的信息又十分简洁。b. 被动形式使用率高，表现能力强。c. 语法要求严，一般来说句子较长。d. 介词、非谓语动词、形容词和独立结构非常活跃。Passage translation: 爱情的定义 The Definition of Love看看那原来自卑的女孩子吧！自打收到了这封信，就恢复了勇气和信心她抬高了自己高贵的头，她的步伐从此充满了自信，她不再暗自垂泪，她奋发图强，她的拼搏使人感动。到了那年终，她果然以全优的成绩得到了全班同学的一致赞美！于是我突然明白了爱情的定义。爱情是什么？她就是给人一个会展翅高飞的希望。摘自中级英语笔译模拟试题25页。We turned to that girl only to find that she restored her courage and confidence ever since the letter reached her. With her head high with pride, her steps light with confidence, she went all out in her study and got all-As in the final examinations, which won the approval of all her fellow students. I suddenly understand the definition of love. What is love? It is the hope with which one strives to achieve great heights.课堂练习：