英语句子成分和句型.ppt

英语句子的成分 英语句子结构可分为两大类 主 谓 宾 主 系 表 表动作 表状态 *There be 结结构： There be 表示存在有。这这里的 there没有实际实际 意义义，不可与副词词there那里混淆 。 此结结构后跟名词词，表示（存在）有某事物 试试比较较：There is a boy there.（那儿有一个男孩 。） 前一个there无实实意，后一个there为为副词词那里。 I love China 主 谓 宾 He is a good boy 主 系 表 1.主语(Subject)：是一个句子所叙述的主题，通 常由名词或代词，动名词等来担任。 1)Music becomes more and more popular. （名词） 2) We often speak English in class. （代词） 3) Smoking does harm to the health. （动名词） 2. 谓语(Predicate)：说明主语所做的动作或状 态。由动词来担任，分为及物动词(vt)和不及 物动词(vi)。动词有着各种时态的变化。 1) The train leaves at 6 oclock. 2) I run fast. 3) He won the game. 4) Tom lost his life in the big forest. 3. 宾语(Object)：宾语表示动作的对象或承受者 ，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。 1)The train reached Beijing at 6 oclock. 2) Tom lost his life in the big forest. 3)介詞+名詞介宾短語在句中作狀語。 宾语种类： （1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语） You lend me your dictionary. My mother bought my brother a computer. （2）复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语） They elected him their monitor. I find the homework difficult to finish. 宾语补宾语补 足语语：位于宾语宾语 之后对宾语对宾语 作出说说明的 成分。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词，形容词， 不定式，动名词，分词，介词短语等。 The war made him a soldier. New methods make the job easy. I often find him at work. The teacher ask the students to close the windows. I saw a cat running across the road. 名词/代词宾格 + n./adj./ 介词短语/动词不定式/分词 （及物） （宾语宾语 ） （宾补宾补 ） 1. They painted the door green. 2. This set them thinking. 3. They found the house deserted. 4. He asked me to come back soon. 5. I saw them getting on the bus. 4. 表语(Predicative)：表语用以说明主语的身份 、特征和状态，位于系动词之后： 常见的系动词有: be(am,is,are,were,was), look,seem,feel,smell,taste,sound, keep,stay,become,get,grow,come,go, . 系系动词动词动词动词 分两类类：be, be, look, look, keep, keep, seemseem等，表情况 ；get, grow, become, turnget, grow, become, turn等属另一类类，表变变化。 be 本身没有什么意义义,只起连连系主语语和表语语的作用 。其它系动词动词 仍保持其部分词义词义 。 感官感官动词动词动词动词 多可用作连连系动词动词 ：look well/面色好, sound nice/听起来不错错,feel good/感觉觉好，smell bad/难闻难闻 （是系动词） （表语） 1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary. 2. The dinner smells good. 3. He fell in love. 4. Everything looks different. 5. He is growing tall and strong. 6. Our well has gone dry. 7. His face turned red. The cake tastes nice. The water feels cold. These stories sound interesting. 5. 定语(Attribute)：修饰名词或代词，起修饰修饰、限限 定定作用的词、短语或句子，译为的的 。 1)Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词） 2) He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语） 3)He has a sister who works in Hong Kong. ( 定语从句) 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前成分前。 复合不定代词（something/nothing）之 后； 不定式/分词短语/从句作定语时要放在被修 饰的成分后； 副词用作定语时须放在名词之后之后。 7. 状语(adverbial modifier)：修饰动词、形容 词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态的特征 。 可表示时间,地点,原因, 目的,程度,伴随, 等. 1) He went to school at six?（时间） 2) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点） 3) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因） 4)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的） 5) I am very sorry.（程度） 6) She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随 ） 可用作状语的有副词,不定式，分词，介词短语， 从句等。 In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢钢笔。 （地点状语语） Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲亲面前,汤汤姆总总是一个男孩子.(条件状语语) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间时间 状语语) 介词词短语语作状语语： He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态态） Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为为不得不完成作业业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因 状语语） Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因为为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因 状语语） 分词词（短语语）作状语语： The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业业。（目的状语语） To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business. 为实现为实现 梦想,汤汤姆变变得对对商业业很有兴兴趣. 不定式作状语语： 状语从句：状语从句： 时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、 结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、 让步状语从句、条件状语从句 -We chatted as we walked along. -Even if she laughs at him, he adores her. 同位语语： 当两个指当两个指同一事物同一事物的句子成分放在的句子成分放在同等位置同等位置时时时时， 一个句子成分（一个句子成分（1 1）用来用来说说说说明和解明和解释释释释另一个句子另一个句子 成分（）成分（），这这这这个句子成分（）就叫做另一個个句子成分（）就叫做另一個 句子成分（句子成分（2 2）的同位）的同位语语语语。 We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语语，都是指同一批学生） We all are students. (all是we的同位语语，都指同样样的我们们） I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主 语 谓 语 定 语 宾 语 同 位 语 状 语 一) 挑出下列句中的宾语宾语 My brother hasnt done his homework. People all over the world speak English. How many new words did you learn last class? The old man sitting at the gate said that he was ill. 一个完整的句子做宾语， 那么这个句子叫宾语从句。 (二) 挑出下列句中的表语语 - The old man was feeling very tired. - The leaves have turned yellow. - Soon They all became interested in the subject. - My dream is that I can be admitted into a key university. 一个完整的句子做表语， 那么这个句子叫表语从句。 (三) 挑出下列句中的定语语 1. What is your last name? 2. I am afraid some people forgot to clean the floor. 3. The man in the gym was trying to sleep. 4.Gym is a place where you can exercise and have fun. 一个完整的句子做表语， 那么这个句子叫表语从句。 (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语补宾语补 足语语 He asked her to take the boy out of school. She found it difficult to do the work. They call me Lily sometimes. I saw Mr Wang get on the bus. (五) 挑出下列句中的状语语 There was a big smile on her face. Every night he heard the noise upstairs. The man on the motorbike was traveling too fast. He began to learn English when he was eleven. 一个完整的句子做状语， 那么这个句子叫状语从句。 With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. She loves the library because she loves books. I am afraid that if youve lost it, you must pay for it. The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine. 划分句子成分 1.You will tell your friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be upstairs at dusk when the window was open. 4. The dark, rainy evening, the wind, the thundering clouds held me entirely in their power. 1.You will tell （your） friend that youve got to school. 2. But as the moon gave far too much light, I didnt dare open a window. 3. Another time five months ago, I happened to be Upstairs at dusk (when the window was open). 4. The (dark, rainy) evening, the wind, the thundering Clouds held me entirely in their power. 主语谓语间宾 定语 直接宾语 原因状语主语 谓语宾语 英语句子的类型 简单句 并列句 复合句 只有一个主谓结构 有两个或两个以上主谓结构 一个主句加一个或几个从句 My head aches. /She came 主语 不及物动词 She is happy 主语 系动词 表语 She likes English. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She gave John a book She bought me a book. 主语 及物动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. 主语 及物动词 宾语 宾语补足语 简单句基本句型实例 noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc. 主 语 谓 语 宾语 宾语宾补 表语 宾语(间)宾语(直) Vt V-l Vi Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste / smell etc. noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc. Nobody went. She became a doctor. The car caught fire. I will write you a long letter. I will let him go. a， b， c， d， e， 1，Pleas tell us a story._ 2, She smiled._ 3. I have a lot work to do._ 4. His job is to train swimmers._ 5. He noticed a man enter the room._ 6. Please look at the picture._ d a e b e c 简单句只有一个限定动词（即只有一个主谓结 构），它是最小的句子单位。主要起下列四种 作用中的一种。 作一种陈述 ，陈述句 提出一个问题 ，疑问句 发出一种命令或请求， 祈使句 表示一种感叹， 感叹句 Examples: The boy hit the dog. / The dog bit the boy. Does the shop close at 7 tonight? Shut the door. What a slow train this is! 并列句 用分号或并列连词把两个或几个简单句 连接起来的句子。 用分号： We fished all day; we didnt catch a thing. 用并列连词（如and、but、so、yet等） We fished all day, but we didnt catch a thing. 并列句 常用并列连词 coordinating conjunctions 平行并列连词: 转折并列连词： 因果并列连词: 选择并列连词: but, how