高考英语二轮复习与增分策略 专题一 阅读理解 第三节 题组练习 9 人物介绍+科普知识+环境保护+时文报道

人物介绍+科普知识+环境保护+时文报道A(2017第一次全国大联考)Alan Simpson formed，with Ray Galton，one of the great television scriptwriting partnerships.Their early work with Tony Hancock pioneered what became known as situation comedy.Alan Simpson was born in Brixton，London on 27 November 1929.After leaving school，he obtained a job as a shipping clerk before contracting tuberculosis.He became so ill that he was not expected to live and was given the last rites.However，he survived.And he met his future partner，another teenage TB sufferer named Ray Galton.They discovered a shared love of American humorists such as Damon Runyon and had both listened to radio comedy programmes Take It from Here and The Goon Shows.Their first work together was for hospital radio.Have You Ever Wondered was based on their experiences，which was played out in 1949.When Simpson left hospital he was asked by a local church concert party to write a show and he roped in Ray Galton to help.The pair also linked up with several other promising new comedy writers and performers of the time，notably Eric Sykes，Peter Sellers，Frankie Howerd and Tony Hancock.They were quickly tired of the format of radio comedy shows of the time which included music，sketches and one-liners，and longed for something with more depth.They came up with the idea of comedy where all the humour came from the situations in which characters find themselves.Tony Hancock liked the idea and Hancocks Half Hour was born.It is often credited as the first true radio sitcom，although two other shows of the time，A Life of Bliss and Life with the Lyons，were already using the format in 1954 when Hancock first aired.In 1956 the series transferred to TV and ran until 1961.Another original four series ran between 1962 and 1965 and the show was revived between 1970 and 1974，during which time two feature film versions were also released.It proved to be the high point.Simpson quit writing in 1978 to pursue his other business interests although he and Galton remained close friends.In 1996 they reunited to update some of their best-known scripts for the comedian Paul Merton.Simpson blamed their later lack of popularity on the fact that shows were commissioned by armies of managers rather than producers.Alan Simpson passed away today,8 February,2017.语篇解读本文主要介绍了情景喜剧先驱者之一Alan Simpson与其搭档Ray Galton一起创作并出演了很多令人印象深刻的作品。他的作品遍及二十世纪四十年代至七十年代。现在他离开了我们，但他的作品却让我们铭记。1Which of the following can best replace the underlined word “roped in” in Paragraph 4?APersuaded. BCheated.CFollowed. DOrdered.答案A解析词义猜测题。根据第四段画线部分后面的to help可知此处意为“说服”，故A项符合题意。2What can we know from Paragraph 4?AHancocks Half Hour was the fourth true radio sitcom.BAlan Simpson was one of the pioneers of situation comedy.CEric Sykes，Peter Sellers，Frankie Howerd and Tony Hancock were promising performers of the time.DBetween 1970 and 1974 two feature film versions released made Alans career come to the high point.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“The pair also linked up with several other promising new comedy writers and performers of the time，notably Eric Sykes，Peter Sellers，Frankie Howerd and Tony Hancock.”可知选C。3Why were they fed up with the format of radio comedy shows of the time?ABecause Simpson was not satisfied with their later lack of popularity.BBecause Alan Simpson and his partners desired something with more depth.CBecause Alan Simpson was tired of writing and wanted to pursue his other business interests.DBecause Alan Simpson thought shows were commissioned by armies of managers rather than producers.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“They were quickly tired of the format of radio comedy shows of the time which included music，sketches and one-liners，and longed for something with more depth.”可知选B。4Whats the best title of the passage?AObituary(讣告)：Alan SimpsonBThe Achievements of Alan SimpsonCAlan Simpson and His PartnersDA Talented Man答案A解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了情景喜剧先驱者之一Alan Simpson一生所创作的作品以及所产生的影响，他的作品遍及二十世纪四十年代至七十年代。最后提到了他的逝世。所以本文应该是一个讣告。B(2017河北衡水中学五调)Jeremy Kerr，a researcher at the University of Ottawa in Canada，and his colleagues analyzed more than 400,000 observations of bumblebee species collected in North America and Europe from 1975 to 2010.When the researchers recorded the locations of these bee populations，they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees ranges are staying in place.What it results in is obvious.Bees have been paid more attention to in recent years，with populations of honeybees and bumblebees obviously declining in some parts of Europe.Previously，attention on the decline of bee populations has focused on causes including habitat loss，pesticide use and the spread of bee parasites(寄生虫)But the work by Kerrs team found something different.“For every species，there is one or two species declining and others that are not moving at all，” says Kerr.This shift has also been observed in other species，such as butterflies.But due to a new causethe rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use，a change in land use or parasites，bumblebeesunlike butterflieshave failed to extend the northern boundaries of their ranges into the territory that is now habitable for them，so bumblebee species across Europe and North America are declining rapidly，the latest study led by Kerrs team finds.“Our data suggests that the new factor plays a leading，or perhaps the leading，role in this trend，” says Kerr.“This study shows that a fourth factor is also beginning to affect it.It is likely that the combined stresses from all of these pressures will have destructive impacts on bumblebees in the not-too-distant future，” says Dave Goulson，a bee researcher at the University of Sussex，Brighton，UK.Exactly what can be done to help bumblebees is not clear.Kerrs team suggests that relocating colonies might be an answer but Goulson says that because the insects are mobile they are capable of moving northwards if there is suitable habitat available.语篇解读本文介绍了加拿大渥太华大学关于蜜蜂数量减少的原因的一个调查。5What does the move of the bees southern limits lead to?AThe birth of new bee species.BThe rise of the bees population.CThe evolution of the bees.DThe reduction of the bees habitat.答案D解析推理判断题。根据第一段中的“they found that many of the 67 species analyzed were moving northward from their southern limits while the northern edges of the bees ranges are staying in place.What it results in is obvious.”可知蜜蜂由南向北迁徙会导致它们栖息地的减少。故选D。6Whats the new cause of bee populations declining according to Kerr?AHabitat loss.BPesticide use.CClimate change.DThe spread of bee parasites.答案C解析细节理解题。根据第三段第三句中的“But due to a new causethe rise of temperatures instead of total pesticide use.”可知蜜蜂种类下降的新原因是温度的上升，即气候变化。故选C。7Which statement may Goulson agree with?ARelocating bumblebees isnt much good.BThe findings of Kerrs study are doubtful.CThe future of bumblebees is still promising.DKnowing bumblebees living habits is the most urgent.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容可知Dave Goulson认为因为大黄蜂是具有流动性的，只要有合适的栖息地，它们还是能够向北迁徙，所以重新安置大黄蜂并非一个好办法。故选A。8What kind of writing is this passage?AA book review. BAn announcement.CA scientific report. DAn official report.答案C解析推理判断题。本文是一篇关于蜜蜂数量减少的原因的调查报告，属于科学报告。故选C。C(2017湖南衡阳八中质检)New Zealand will create one of the largest marine protected areas in the world，spanning an area of 620,000 sq km.The Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary(保护区) will be one of the worlds most significant fully protected ecosystems，the prime minister of New Zealand，John Key，told the UN General Assembly in New York.The sanctuary is in the South Pacific Ocean，about 1,000 km northeast of New Zealand，and expands a marine reserve that surrounds some small islands.The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity，featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins,150 types of fish and three of the worlds seven sea turtle species.It is also geologically significant，including the worlds longest chain of underwater volcanoes and the second deepest ocean trench，into 10 km underwaterdeeper than Mount Everests height.The scale of the sanctuary will dwarf(矮化) any previous New Zealands protected area，spanning twice the size of the countrys mainland.It will cover 15% of New Zealands economic zone.Commercial and recreational fishing will be completely banned，as will oil，gas and mineral prospecting (勘探)，exploration and mining.Keys government aims to pass legislation establishing the sanctuary next year.“The sanctuary is a world-class，unspoiled marine environment and New Zealand is proud to protect it for future generations，” Key said.“New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans，which are an important part of our culture，economy and environment and we are committed to managing them sustainably.Creating protected areas will support not only our own fisheries，but those of our Pacific neighbors，adding to New Zealands efforts to help grow Pacific economies through the responsible management of their ocean resources.”Nick Smith，New Zealands environment minister，said the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry but that it is important to protect the ocean before exploration takes place.“New Zealand needs to use its vast ocean resources for jobs and exports in industries like fishing，aquaculture，minerals and energy，but we also need to set aside special areas where nature comes first and marine life is fully protected，” Smith said.New Zealand will monitor the area via its navy and satellite technology.The Kermadec region will join three other key areas in the Pacific protected by the US，the UK and Australia.Matt Rand，director of the Pew Charitable Trusts Global Ocean Legacy(遗产) campaign，welcomed Keys announcement.“New Zealand will create the gold standard of conservation areas in the sanctuary，preserving one of the few relatively unspoiled areas of ocean on Earth，” he said.“This commitment is an exciting step toward meeting global goals to safeguard at least 30% of the ocean through fully protected marine reserves.”语篇解读本文主要介绍了新西兰建立海洋生态保护区的有关事项。9Why is the Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary important in biodiversity?AIt has a superior geographical location.BIt has many different kinds of sea animals.CIts environment is suitable for the growth of marine life.DIt is the only unspoiled area of ocean remained on Earth.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“The area is considered important in terms of biodiversity，featuring nearly 35 species of whales and dolphins,150 types of fish and three of the worlds seven sea turtle species.”可知选B。10Which of the following will Key probably agree on?APeople are allowed to fish for fun in the sanctuary.BAll Pacific countries should be responsible for ocean resources.CNew Zealanders attach great importance to protecting the sanctuary.DNew Zealand has made great achievement in creating protected areas.答案C解析细节理解题。根据文章第五段第二句“New Zealanders value our coasts and oceans，which are an important part of our culture，economy and environment and we are committed to managing them sustainably.”可推知C项正确。11What can we infer from what Nick Smith said?ANew Zealand should develop its marine industry in special areas.BThe Kermadec Ocean Sanctuary may affect New Zealands mining industry.CNew Zealand hasnt figured out how to make full use of its ocean resources.DMeasures should be taken immediately to protect the ocean after explorations.答案B解析推理判断题。文章第六段第一句中的“.the sanctuary might impose a cost upon the mining industry.”说明Nick Smith认为建立保护区会对采矿业有影响。故选B。D(2017第二次全国大联考)On the first day of his presidency，Donald Trump (特朗普) began making changes to the policies of earlier presidents.A document released by the new Trump White House said the president would soon withdraw from the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement (12国跨太平洋伙伴贸易协定)The free trade deal was negotiated by the Obama(奥巴马) administration.The White House website said Trump would also work to renegotiate the North American Free Trade Agreement known as NAFTA.“If our partners refuse a renegotiation that gives American workers a fair deal，then the president will give notice of the United States intent to withdraw from NAFTA，” a White House statement said.Neither action was a surprise.During the presidential campaign，Trump said bad trade deals had hurt employment in America.The NAFTA agreement removed most tariffs(关税) on products traded between the US，Canada and Mexico.It was signed by President Bill Clinton in 1993.The Trump administration also said it is ready to cancel what it called “harmful and unnecessary policies”. Among them is the Obama administrations plan to reduce pollutants from coal-powered electricity plants.The climate plan was designed to cut gases that cause global warming.Another is a clean water rule to protect small waterways and wetlands(水域和湿地) from development by the Environmental Protection Agency.Trump has said he wants to cancel and replace a third policy，the national health care law，known as“Obamacare”The Trump administration has promised other major changes.In education，for example，there are plans to give parents more choice in selecting schools for their children，including private，religious schools.语篇解读本文报道说：美国新任总统特朗普及其新任内阁将调整或废除以前政府所制定的几项政策。12Who would have the US withdraw from the free trade deal negotiated by the Obama administration?AThe Obama administration.BThe new Trump White House.CThe Trump administration.DDonald Trump.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第二段中的“.the president would soon withdraw from the 12-nation Trans-Pacific Partnership trade agreement.”可知选D。13In which case will Donald Trump get the US continue to observe NAFTA?ACanada and Mexico agree to offer American workers a fair deal.BCanada and Mexico agree to renegotiate NAFTA.CCanada and Mexico agree to offer workers a fair deal.DThe partners refuse a renegotiation that offers American workers a fair deal.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第四段和第六段可知选A。14How many policies considered harmful and unnecessary by the Trump administration are mentioned in the passage?AOne. BTwo.CThree. DFour.答案C解析细节理解题。根据七、八、九段可知：本文提到了三个被特朗普内阁认为