高考英语二轮复习与策略 第1部分 专题3 阅读理解 类型4 人物介绍讲练

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。类型4| 人物介绍考查要点方法技巧1.人物最显著的性格、品德特征。2人物的重大、有影响的经历。3人物最杰出的功绩、贡献、成就。4人物成长的时代背景。1.把握事件发生的时间、空间及顺序。2理清事情发生的背景、起因、过程及结果。3感悟人物的情感和心理活动。(2016全国乙卷A)You probably know who Marie Curie was，but you may not have heard of Rachel Carson.Of the outstanding ladies listed below，who do you think was the most important woman of the past 100 years?Jane Addams(18601935)Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.She encouraged a sense of community (社区) by creating shelters and promoting education and services for people in need.In 1931，Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize.Rachel Carson (19071964)If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.Her popular 1962 book Silent Spring raised awareness of the dangers of pollution and the harmful effects of chemicals on humans and on the worlds lakes and oceans.Sandra Day OConnor (1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School，in 1952，she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员) and，in 1981，the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Rosa Parks (19132005)On December 1，1955，in Montgomery，Alabama，Rosa Parks would not give up her seat on a bus to a white passenger.Her simple act landed Parks in prison.But it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.“The only tired I was，was tired of giving in，” said Parks.21What is Jane Addams noted for in history?AHer social work.BHer teaching skills.CHer efforts to win a prize.DHer community background.22What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.23Who made a great contribution to the civilrights movement in the US.?AJane Addams.BRachel Carson.CSandra Day OConnor.DRosa Parks.24What can we infer about the women mentioned in the text?AThey are highly educated.BThey are truly creative.CThey are pioneers.DThey are peacelovers.语篇解读：本文主要介绍了100年以来历史上四位在不同领域做出杰出贡献的女性先驱。长难句解读：If it werent for Rachel Carson，the environmental movement might not exist today.分析：本句为含有条件状语从句的复合句，使用了虚拟语气。翻译：如果不是Rachel Carson的话，今天的环保活动就可能不会存在。21A细节理解题。根据Jane Addams下的第一句话“Anyone who has ever been helped by a social worker has Jane Addams to thank.(任何一个受到社会工作者帮助的人都要感谢Jane Addams)”可知，在历史上，Jane Addams以她的社会工作而出名，故选A项。22C细节理解题。根据Sandra Day OConnor下的第一句中“she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman”可知，她没能在法律事务所找到工作，是因为她是一名女性，这与C项“对于女性的歧视”相符，故选C项。23D细节理解题。根据Rosa Parks下的“.it also set off the Montgomery bus boycott.It lasted for more than a year，and kicked off the civilrights movement.”可知，它导致了蒙哥马利巴士抵制运动，这场运动持续了一年多，开始了民权运动，故选D项。24C推理判断题。通读全文可知文中提到的这几位女性都是不同领域的先驱，都在各自领域中做出了巨大贡献，故选C项。A(2016泰州第一学期期末考试)Ernest Hemingway was not only a commanding figure in 20thcentury literature，but was also a_pack_ratHe saved even his old passports and used bullfight tickets，leaving behind one of the longest paper trails of any author.“Ernest Hemingway: Between Two Wars”，which opens on Friday at the Morgan Library & Museum，is the first major museum exhibition devoted to Hemingway and his work.The largest and most interesting section focuses on the 20s，Hemingways Paris years，and reveals a writer we might have been in danger of forgetting：Hemingway_before_he_became_HemingwayThe exhibition does not fail to include pictures of the bearded，manly，Hem. Hes shown posing with some kudu he has just shot in Africa and on the bridge of his beloved fishing boat，the Pilar，with Carlos Gutirrez，the fisherman who became the model for “The Old Man and the Sea”But the first photo the viewer sees is a big blowup of a handsome，cleanshaven，19yearold standing on crutches.This is from the summer of 1918，when Hemingway was recovering from wounds at the Red Cross hospital in Milan and trying to turn his wartime experiences into fiction.The evidence at this exhibition suggests that，in the early days，he often wrote in pencil，mostly in cheap notebooks but sometimes on whatever paper came to hand.The first draft of the short story “Soldiers Home” was written on sheets he appeared to have snatched from a telegraph office.The impression you get is of a young writer seized by inspiration and sometimes barreling ahead without an entirely clear sense of where he is going.FScott Fitzgerald ( some of whose letters with Hemingway is also on view) famously urged him to cut the first two chapters of “The Sun Also Rises”，complaining about the “elephantine facetiousness” of the beginning，and Hemingway obliged，getting rid of a clunky opening that now seems almost “meta”In 1929，in a ninepage penciled critique，Fitzgerald also suggested numerous revisions for “A Farewell to Arms”. Hemingway took some of these，but less graciously，and soon afterward his friendship with Fitzgerald came to an end.The papers at the Morgan show a Hemingway who is not always sure of himself.There are running lists of stories he kept fiddling with，and there are lists and lists of possible titles，including the 45 he considered for “Farewell” and 47 different endings for the novel.In display case after display case，you see Hemingway during his Paris years inventing and reinventing himself，discovering as he goes along just what kind of writer he wants to be.In a moving 1925 letter to his parents，who refused to read “In Our Time”，his second story collection，he writes: “You see Im trying in all my stories to get the feeling of the actual life acrossnot just to describe lifeor criticize itbut to actually make it alive.So that when you have read something by me you actually experience the thing.You cant do this without putting in the bad and the ugly as well as what is beautiful.”By the time the Second World War broke out，Hemingway had solidified into the iconic figure we now remember: Papa.Even JD.Salinger calls him this.And a blustery，cranky Hemingway appears in 1949 when aboard the Pilar he grabs an old fishing diary and begins scrawling an angry letter to Harold Ross，the editor of The New Yorker，complaining about Alfred Kazins review of “Across the River and Into the Trees”，not，in truth，a very good book.But，Hemingway，often drinking and depressed，didnt know it，his best work was behind him by then.欧内斯特海明威是20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物。本文介绍了于周五在摩根图书馆与博物馆开展的关于海明威及其作品的第一次大型博物馆展览。展览中最重头也最有趣的部分集中在20世纪20年代，海明威的巴黎岁月，它展示出一位我们有可能会忘记的作家成为著名作家之前的海明威。1Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined words“ a pack rat” (Para.1)?Aa person who doesnt waste anythingBa person who cannot be relied onCa person who likes to collect rubbishDa person who enjoys collecting thingsD词义猜测题。根据第一段第二句可知，海明威是个收集狂。故选项D正确。a pack rat意为“收集狂，什么东西都不肯扔的人”。2How many of Hemingways works are mentioned in this passage?A4B5C6D7C细节理解题。文中一共提到了六本海明威的作品，它们是老人与海、士兵之家、太阳照常升起、永别了，武器、在我们的时代里和过河入林。故选项C符合题意。3We can conclude from the Morgan show that sometimes Hemingway was a person _Aunconfident but full of inspirationsBstubborn but full of enthusiasm about loveCcasual but full of heroismDbadtempered but full of strange habitsA推理判断题。根据第四段末句和第六段首句可知，海明威是个不自信但又充满灵感的人。故选项A符合题意。4What does the writer truly mean by saying “Hemingway before he became Hemingway”？AHemingway wrote many masterpieces before he killed himself.BHemingway was once a war correspondent before he became a famous writer.CHemingway devoted all his strengths to writing before he won the Nobel Prize.DHemingway kept exploring the world and adjusting himself before he became a commanding figure in literature.D推理判断题。根据第二段第二句和第七段首句可知，摩根展中最重头也最有趣的部分集中在20世纪20年代，海明威的巴黎岁月，当时的海明威还不是一位著名的作家，那时他不断地重新塑造自己。所以，划线部分句子的意思是，海明威在成为20世纪文坛中一位举足轻重的人物之前不断地在探索和自我调整。故选项D符合题意。5According to the Morgan show，readers are likely to see _ in Hemingways works.tough men who cant be defeatedantiwar fightersthe dark side of the world as well as its beautylove affairs between a man and a womanthe story of a family businessABCDA推理判断题。根据第三段第二句和第七段可知，老人与海中老渔夫的原型渔夫卡洛斯古铁雷兹是不可战胜的硬汉。在第二本短篇小说集在我们的时代里中，海明威对父母说：“要体验到那些事物，就得把坏的、丑的和美好的东西都放进去。”以上就是读者从摩根展中看到的海明威作品里的东西。故选项A符合题意。 【导学号：57732024】B(2016山西省八校第一次联考)Sevenyearold artist Kieron Williamson has sold his 16 watercolours for 17，000 in just 14 minutes，setting the world record for the youngest successful painter.His latest paintings of landscapes(风景)，seascapes and churches were supposed to be on display for a month at the Picturecraft Gallery in Holt.They went on sale at 9 am but were bought by 9：14 am，some by telephone from abroad.Kieron is red_hotPeople are saying that he could become an alltime great artist.They want his paintings as investments(投资) because they think the price will go up.The last child artist was Picasso.And Kieron is getting better and better.The pace at which he learns is quite amazing.He has a very mature mind and has mastered certain techniques at an early stage which some artists would take years to perfect.His work has been very unusual and impressive.His use of tone，colour and light is wonderful.The way he gets his paintings to do the talking is extremely good.He just paints when he wants.He still likes playing football and playing computer games like any other sevenyearolds.Inspired to start painting on a family holiday in Devon and Cornwall，Kieron was just six when he asked his parents for paper to draw a boat and swiftly developed a mature and confident talent for seascapes and countryside scenes that has been described as close to the “young Picasso”The talented boy described his shows sellout success as“brilliant”“Painting is my favourite hobby but I like football as well，” said Kieron，who is so absorbed in painting that