高考英语二轮复习与策略 第1部分 专题1 单项填空 第5讲 定语从句讲练

系统掌握蕴含其中的马克思主义立场观点方法，要在系统学习、深刻领会、科学把握习近平教育思想上下功夫。精心组织开展学习宣传贯彻习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想和党的十九大精神知识问答活动。第五讲定语从句1(2016江苏高考，23)Many young people，most _ were welleducated，headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.Aof whichBof themCof whomDof thoseC考查定语从句。句意：许多年轻人都前往偏远地区追逐梦想，他们中大多数人(most of whom)受过良好的教育。分析句子结构可知，主句(Many young people headed for.)结构完整。此处考查“代词ofwhom”引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰many young people，故选C项。2(2015江苏高考，21)The number of smokers, _ is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.AitBwhichCwhatDasD本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：正如所报道的，烟民的数量仅仅在一年内就下降了17%。as作为关系代词，引导非限制性定语从句，位置非常灵活，可位于主句前、主句后，也可位于主句中间。which引导非限制性定语从句时位于主句之后。3(2014江苏高考，22)The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication，especially at work _ a good impression is a must.AwhichBwhenCasDwhereD本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：这本书极大地帮助了我的日常交流，尤其是在必须给人留下好印象的工作当中。本题采用还原法解题，将先行词work还原到定语从句中，即：a good impression is a must at work，显然关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故选择关系副词where。4(2016北京高考，22)I live next door to a couple _ children often make a lot of noise.AwhoseBwhyCwhereDwhichA考查定语从句。句意：我住在一对夫妇的隔壁，他们的孩子(whose children)经常吵吵闹闹。whose引导定语从句，且在从句中作children的定语。5(2016天津高考，9)We will put off the picnic in the park until next week，_ the weather may be better.AthatBwhereCwhichDwhenD考查定语从句。句意：我们将把去公园的野餐推迟到下周，那时天气可能更好。分析句子成分可知定语从句中缺少时间状语，故用when引导。 【导学号：57732008】6(2015天津高考，15)The boss of the company is trying to create an easy atmosphere _ his employees enjoy their work.AwhereBwhichCwhenDwhoA本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：这家公司的老板正在努力营造一种轻松的氛围，员工可以在这种氛围中享受他们的工作。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词为抽象地点名词atmosphere，且从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导定语从句。which/who在定语从句中作主语或宾语；when作时间状语。7(2015四川高考，3)The books on the desk，_covers are shiny，are prizes for us.AwhichBwhatCwhoseDthatC本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：桌子上那些封面闪亮的书是为我们准备的奖品。该句的主句是“The books.are prizes for us.”。此处 whose引导的定语从句修饰限定先行词books；“封面(covers)”是那些书的，因此要用whose表示所有关系；此处的whose covers等于the covers of which。8(2015湖南高考，29)It is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.AasBwhereCthatDwhichD本题考查定语从句引导词的选择。句意：它确实是一个令人感到快乐的地方，它看起来一定跟100年前一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和美丽的村舍。本句中先行词是a truly delightful place，且后面的定语从句中缺少主语，可用which或that引导；又因为前后两部分用逗号连接，所以所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故用which。注意不要因先行词是地点名词而误选where，应准确判断定语从句中缺少什么成分。一、关系词的用法引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。关系词被修饰的先行词关系词在从句中充当的成分who指人的词主语、宾语whom指人的词宾语whose指人或物的词定语that指人或物的词主语、宾语、表语which指物的词或整个主句主语、宾语as指人或物的词或整个主句主语、宾语when表示时间的名词时间状语where表示地点的名词地点状语why表示原因的名词reason原因状语二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意以下几个问题：1介词的确定该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with.确定)He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope)2关系代词的使用介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。The factory in which he once worked is torn down.The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher.Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering.3“不定代词或数词of关系代词”结构“不定代词或数词of关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。China has a lot of islands，one of which is Taiwan.There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.4“名词of which”结构“名词of which”常代替“whose名词”在定语从句中作定语。I saw some trees，the leaves of which(whose leaves) were black with disease.He mentioned a book，the title of which(whose title) Ive forgotten.三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。1which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。I failed again in the match，which was a great pity.As we had expected，he opposed the plan.2which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。He sold his bicycle，which surprised me.As we know，smoking is harmful to our health.Smoking is harmful to our health，as we know.注意：有时限制性定语从句也可用as引导，但此时先行词前一般有the same，as，such，so等词修饰。3which引导的此类定语从句与前面的主句往往存在着“因果”逻辑关系，主句为“因”，which引导的定语从句表示“果”。Jim is addicted to computer games，which upsets his parents very much.1(2016南京调研)Have you heard of such an experiment _ wine experts were fooled into thinking a cheap bottle of wine was an exceptional one with the labels change?AasBwhereCthatDwhichB句意：你听说过这样一个实验吗？实验中，葡萄酒专家们受到蒙骗而认为一瓶更换了商标的廉价葡萄酒品质卓越。分析句子成分可知，本题考查定语从句。先行词为such an experiment，从句中缺少状语，结合句意可知where符合题意。C项干扰性较强，从从句中的were fooled into thinking可以看出，从句更倾向于强调实验的结果，而非实验的内容，因此不宜将其视为同位语从句而选that。2(2016盐城第一学期期中考试)Your senses become alert and you suddenly find the answer to a problem _ solution has long escaped you as a brilliant thought crosses your mind.AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhenC句意：当一个非凡的想法在你的脑海中闪过时，你的思维变得敏锐起来，你突然找到了让你忽视已久的问题的答案。分析句子成分可知，本题为定语从句。先行词为a problem，从句中主语solution前面缺少定语，结合句意可知whose符合题意。 【导学号：57732009】3(2016镇江第一学期期中考试)Research suggests that children _ parents split up are more likely to drop out of high school.AwhoseBwhoCthatDwhichA句意：研究表明，父母离异的孩子更可能从中学辍学。分析句子成分可知，本题为定语从句。先行词为children，在定语从句中，主语parents的前面缺少定语，结合句意可知whose符合题意。4(2016南京、盐城二模)As a dark horse，Chinas football team was through to the quarterfinals _ it lost to the host country Australia.AasBwhatCthatDwhereD考查定语从句。句意：中国足球队作为一匹黑马一举进入四分之一决赛，在四分之一决赛中，输给了东道主澳大利亚队。quarterfinals为定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。故选D项。5(2016苏锡常镇一模)Robin Williams was lucky because he was offered so many parts _ he could be whatever he needed to bethe roles that ensured his spot among the comedy greats.AwhenBwhereCwhichDthatB考查定语从句。句意：罗宾威廉姆斯很幸运，因为他被提供了很多角色，他需要扮演什么就能演什么，这些角色保证了他在喜剧大师中的地位。parts为定语从句的先行词，从句中缺少地点状语，应用where引导。故选B项。6(2016苏、锡、常、镇二模)This course is based on a project，one of _ aims is to improve the students comprehensive ability in English.AwhoseBwhichCitsDwhatA考查定语从句。句意：这个课程是建立在一个项目的基础上的，这个项目的目的之一是提高学生的英语综合能力。project为定语从句的先行词，代入定语从句中为one of the projects aims.，用whose。故选A项。7(2016泰州二模)Many college students are willing to work in Western China after graduation _，poor and backward as it is，more opportunities of employment are available.AwhereBwhenCthatDwhichA句意：许多大学生毕业后愿意去中国西部工作，那里，尽管贫穷和落后，却有更多的就业机会。题干中的定语从句中包含了一个as引导的让步状语从句。定语从句中先行词是Western China，缺少地点状语。故选A。8(2016南通、连云港二模)More and more people go jogging in the morning，_ benefits for health arise from the air rich in oxygen.AwhichBthatCwhoseDwhoC考查定语从句。句意：越来越多的人早晨去慢跑，它对健康的好处来自含有充足氧气的空气。jogging为定语从句的先行词，代入定语从句中为：joggings benefits for health.，故用whose引导定语从句。选C项。9(2016南京、盐城一模)Personal space is the region surrounding a person _ they regard as psychologically theirs.AwhoBwhereCwhenDwhichD考查定语从句。句意：个人空间是指一个人周围的区域，人们在心理上会认为这个区域是属于他们自己的。the region为定语从句的先行词，从句中的regard后缺少宾语，应用which引导。故选D项。10(2016扬州一模)I hope that the little _ I have been able to do has been of some use.AwhatBwhichCthatDasC考查定语从句。句意：我希望我能够做的那点小事已经有所帮助。由于先行词是不定代词little，关系代词只能用that，不能用which，that在从句中作do的宾语。故选C项。11(2016南京、盐城一模)How do you understand life?It is a constant match _ the greatest opponent is yourself.Ain thatBof whichCwhereDwhenC考查定语从句。句意：你对生活有何理解？生活是一场持续不断的比赛，在比赛中最大的对手是你自己。先行词是match，从句中缺少地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选C项。12(2016江苏百校联考)He was admitted to our school last year，a top school in our hometown，_ he has been crazy about reading electronic novels，killing time.Aafter thatBsince thatCafter whenDsince whenD考查定语从句。句意：去年他被我们学校录取，一所我们家乡最好的学校，从那时起他疯狂地阅读电子小说，消磨时间。先行词是last year，从句用的是现在完成时，所以用since when引导定语从句。故选D项。13(2016江苏百校联考)Why didnt you watch the program“Where are we going，Dad？”？It was because something was wrong with the web TV _ too many users were receivi