主要基团的红外特征吸收峰[特选参考]

1、主要基团的红外特征吸收峰基团振动类型波数（cm-1）波长（m）强 度 备 注一、烷烃类CH伸CH伸（反称）CH伸（对称）CH弯（面内）C-C伸30002843297228802882284314901350125011403.333.523.373.473.493.526.717.418.008.77中、强中、强中、强分为反称与对称二、烯烃类CH伸CC伸CH弯（面内）CH弯（面外）单取代双取代顺式反式31003000169516301430129010106509959859109057306509809653.233.335.906.137.007.759.9015.410.0510.151

2、0.9911.0513.7015.3810.2010.36中、弱中强强强强强CCC为20001925 cm-1三、炔烃类CH伸CC 伸CH弯（面内）CH弯（面外）330022702100126012456456153.034.414.767.948.0315.5016.25中中强四、取代苯类CH伸泛频峰骨架振动（）CH弯（面内）CH弯（面外）3100300020001667160020150025158010145020125010009106653.233.335.006.006.250.086.670.106.330.046.900.108.0010.0010.9915.03变弱强三、四个

3、峰，特征确定取代位置单取代邻双取代间双取代对双取代1,2,3,三取代1,3,5,三取代1,2,4,三取代1,2,3,4四取代1,2,4,5四取代1, 2,3,5四取代五取代CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）CH弯（面外）77073077073081075090086086080081075087483588586086080086080086080086581086012.9913.7012.9913.7012.3513.3311.1211.6311.6312.5012.3513.3311

4、.4411.9811.3011.6311.6312.5011.6312.5011.6312.5011.5612.3511.63极强极强极强中极强强强中强强强强强五个相邻氢四个相邻氢三个相邻氢一个氢（次要）二个相邻氢三个相邻氢与间双易混一个氢一个氢二个相邻氢二个相邻氢一个氢一个氢一个氢五、醇类、酚类OH伸OH弯（面内）CO伸OH弯（面外）3700320014101260126010007506502.703.137.097.937.9410.0013.3315.38变弱强强液态有此峰OH伸缩频率游离OH分子间氢键分子内氢键OH弯或CO伸伯醇（饱和）仲醇（饱和）叔醇（饱和）酚类（OH）OH伸OH伸

5、OH伸（单桥）OH弯（面内）CO伸OH弯（面内）CO伸OH弯（面内）CO伸OH弯（面内）O伸36503590350033003570345014001250100014001125100014001210110013901330126011802.742.792.863.032.802.907.148.0010.007.148.8910.007.148.269.097.207.527.948.47强强强强强强强强强中强锐峰钝峰（稀释向低频移动*）钝峰（稀释无影响）六、醚类COC伸127010107.879.90强或标CO伸脂链醚脂环醚芳醚（氧与芳环相连）COC伸COC伸（反称）COC伸（对称）

6、COC伸（反称）COC伸（对称）CH伸1225106011001030980900127012301050100028258.169.439.099.7110.2011.117.878.139.5210.003.53强强强强中弱氧与侧链碳相连的芳醚同脂醚OCH3的特征峰七、醛类（CHO）CH伸CO伸CH弯（面外）28502710175516659757803.513.695.706.0010.212.80弱很强中一般2820及2720cm-1两个带饱和脂肪醛，-不饱和醛芳醛CO伸CO伸CO伸1725168516955.805.935.90强强强八、酮类CO伸CC伸泛频1700163012501

7、030351033905.786.138.009.702.852.95极强弱很弱脂酮饱和链状酮，-不饱和酮二酮芳酮类ArCOCO伸CO伸CO伸CO伸CO伸17251705169016751640154017001630169016805.805.865.925.976.106.495.886.145.925.95强强强强强CO与CC共轭向低频移动谱带较宽二芳基酮1-酮基-2-羟基（或氨基）芳酮脂环酮四环元酮五元环酮六元、七元环酮CO伸CO伸CO伸CO伸CO伸1670166016651635177517501740174517255.996.026.016.125.635.715.755.735

8、.80强强强强强九、羧酸类（COOH）OH伸CO伸OH弯（面内）CO伸OH弯（面外）3400250017401650143013009509002.944.005.756.066.997.6910.5311.11中强弱中弱在稀溶液中，单体酸为锐峰在3350cm-1；二聚体为宽峰，以3000cm-1为中心脂肪酸RCOOH，-不饱和酸芳酸CO伸CO伸CO伸1725170017051690170016505.805.885.875.915.886.06强强强氢键十、酸酐链酸酐CO伸（反称）CO伸（对称）CO伸1850180017801740117010505.415.565.625.758.559.

9、52强强强共轭时每个谱带降20 cm-1环酸酐（五元环）CO伸（反称）CO伸（对称）CO伸1870182018001750130012005.355.495.565.717.698.33强强强共轭时每个谱带降20cm-1十一、酯类CO伸（泛频）CO伸COC伸345017701720128011002.905.655.817.819.09弱强强多数酯CO伸缩振动正常饱和酯，-不饱和酯-内酯-内酯（饱和）-内酯CO伸CO伸CO伸CO伸CO伸174417391720175017351780176018205.735.755.815.715.765.625.685.50强强强强强十二、胺NH伸NH弯（

10、面内）CN伸NH弯（面外）3500330016501550134010209006502.863.036.066.457.469.8011.115.4中中强伯胺强，中；仲胺极弱伯胺类仲胺类叔胺类NH伸（反称、对称）NH弯（面内）CN伸NH伸NH弯（面内）CN伸CN伸（芳香）350034001650159013401020350033001650155013501020136010202.862.946.066.297.469.802.863.036.066.457.419.807.359.80中、中强、中中、弱中极弱中、弱中、弱双峰一个峰十三、酰胺（脂肪与芳香酰胺数据类似）NH伸CO伸NH弯（

11、面内）CN伸350031001680163016401550142014002.863.225.956.136.106.457.047.14强强强中伯酰胺双峰仲酰胺单峰谱带谱带谱带伯酰胺仲酰胺叔酰胺NH伸 （反称）（对称）CO伸NH弯（剪式）CN伸NH2面内摇NH2面外摇NH伸CO伸NH弯+CN伸CN伸+NH弯CO伸3350318016801650165016201420140011507506003270168016301570151513101200167016302.983.145.956.066.066.157.047.148.701.331.673.095.956.136.376.6

12、07.638.335.996.13强强强强中弱中强强中中两峰重合两峰重合十四、氰类化合物脂肪族氰、芳香氰、不饱和氰CN伸CN伸CN伸2260224022402220223522154.434.464.464.514.474.52强强强十五、硝基化合物RNO2ArNO2NO2伸（反称）NO2伸（对称）NO2伸（反称）NO2伸（对称）159015301390135015301510135013306.296.547.197.416.546.627.417.52强强强强红外波谱分子被激发后，分子中各个原子或基团（化学键）都会产生特征的振动，从而在特点的位置会出现吸收。相同类型的化学键的振动都是非常接

13、近的，总是在某一范围内出现。常见官能团的红外吸收频率键型化合物类型吸收峰位置/cm-1吸收强度C-H烷烃29602850强=C-H烯烃及芳烃31003010中等C-H炔烃3300强-C-C-烷烃1200700弱-C=C-烯烃16801620不定CC炔烃22002100不定C=O醛17401720强酮17251705强酸及酯17701710强酰胺16901650强-OH醇及酚36503610不定，尖锐氢键结合的醇及酚34003200强，宽-NH2胺35003300中等，双峰C-X氯化物750700中等溴化物700500中等整个红外谱图可以分为两个区，40001350区是由伸缩振动所产生的吸收带，光谱比较简单但具有强烈的特征性，1350650处指纹区。通常，40002500处高波数端，有与折合质量小的氢原子相结合的官能团O-H, N-H, C-H, S-H键的伸缩振动吸收带，在2500-1900波数范围内常常出现力常数大的三件、累积双键如：- CC-，- CN, -C=C=C-,