丁往道英语写作手册.ppt

1、英语基础写作,English Writing Wu Haiping (武海平),A game to start with.,A game to start withTitanic is going to sink.,There are 8 passengers. However, there are only 7 seats in the lifeboat.,The passengers :,1 a cleaner 2 a doctor 3 a farmer 4 a singer 5 a teacher 6 a pregnant woman 7 a policewoman 8 a colleg

2、e student,Part1 Manuscript Form 文稿格式,What is a good manuscript form? writing the title 写标题 leaving margins 纸边留空 indenting 段落开端缩进 capitalizing 大写 dividing words 词的移行,1 Arrangement 安排 About titles关于题目 1) write the title in the middle of the first line. 题目应写在第一行的中间,About titles关于题目 2）capitalize the fir

3、st and last words of the title and all other words.题目的第一个和最后一个词应用大写字母开始。 3) (including words following hypens in compound words包括复合词中在连字符后面的词),About titles关于题目 4）except articles, coornidating conjunctions, short prepositions, and the to in infinitives. 但冠词、并列连词、介词和不定时的to除外 5）No period is used at the

4、 end of a title. 题目后不加句号,About titles关于题目 6）use a question mark if the title is a direct question, but do not use one if the titleia an indirct question 如果题目是疑问句，应加问号：如果是间接引语形式的疑问句，则不加问号,About titles关于题目 7） use quotation marks with quotes or titles of articles 题目中的引用词语或文章的标题，应加引号。 8) underline/itali

5、cize names of books. 书名应用斜体或在下面划线,Indent the first line of every paragraph, leaving a space of about 4 or 5 letters. 每段的开头应缩进，即留出4到5个字母的空白。,Part1 Manuscript Form文稿格式,Part1 Manuscript Form 文稿格式,1 Arrangement 安排 2 Capitalization 大写 3 Word Division 移行 4 Punctuation 标点 5 Handwriting 书法,鸡肉炒面Chicken chow

6、mein,视频中餐速成.Chinese.Food.Made. Easy鸡肉炒面.mp4,利伯缇大学公开课：英文写作American Liberty University,Part 2 The Sentence,. Complete Sentences and Sentences Fragments 完整句和不完全句,subject 主语 predicate verb 谓语动词 transitive verb 及物动词 object 宾语 link-verb 系动词 predicative 表语 complement 补语,attributes 定语 adverbials 状语,逗号错 comm

7、a fault,The use of a comma in place of a period, a semicolon, a colon, or a dash in English writing is called the comma fault. 中文里可以用逗号将两个完整的句子分开，英文则不可以。 英文里需要用句号，分号、冒号、破折号分开两个句子，否则就叫“逗号错”,P 35 . Type of Sentences 句子类型 (use),1. Declarative, interrogative, imperative, and exclamatory sentences 陈述句、疑问

8、句、祈使句和感叹句,1. declarative sentence 陈述句 She is my fiance.,2. interrogative 疑问句 Who is your favourite author?,3. imperative sentence 祈使句 Dont touch me.,4. exclamatory sentence 感叹句 How well you look! What a mess!,P35 . Type of Sentences 句子类型 (structure),2 .simple, compound, complex, or compound-complex

9、sentences 简单句、并列句、复合句或并列复合句,simple sentence 简单句 It has one subject and one predicate verb. To see is to believe.,compound sentence 并列句 It consists of 2 or more simple sentences and linked by and, but, or,etc. Honey is sweet, but the bee stings.,complex sentence 复合句 It contains one main(principle) cl

10、ause and one or more dependent (subordinate) clause .,Whoever comes is welcome. The question is how he did it. I believe that I can fly. All that glitters is not gold. You are able to go wherever you like.,compound-complex sentence 并列复合句,A Day to Remember,3. loose, periodic, and balanced sentences 松

11、散句、圆周句（掉尾句）或对偶句,P 37 . Type of Sentences 句子类型 (rhetorical 修辞的 point of view),松散句,A loose sentence puts the main idea first, and lets the reader know what it is mainly about when he has read the first few words.,圆周句,In a periodic sentence, the main idea is expressed at or near the end of it.,对偶句,When

12、 a sentence contains two parallel clauses similar in structure but contrasted in meaning, it is a balanced sentence.,Loose sentences are easier, simpler, more natural and direct.,Periodic sentences are more complex, formal and literary.,Balanced sentences are impressive. They are mainly used in form

13、al writing, like expository 说明的 and argumentative 议论的 prose and speeches.,My National Day,P41 . Effective Sentences 有效句 1. Unity 统一性 2. Coherence 连贯性 3. Conciseness 简洁性 4. Emphasis 强调性 5. Variety 多样性,P41 1. Unity 统一性,A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain ideas t

14、hat are not closely related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.,. Effective Sentences有效句 1. Unity 统一性 2. Coherence 连贯性 3. Conciseness 简洁性 4. Emphasis 强调性 5. Variety 多样性,2. Coherence 连贯性,Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts.,P42 2. Coherence 连贯性,1)

15、faulty parallel constructions 平行结构使用有误 2) pronouns with ambiguous reference 代词指代不明,3) dangling(mispalced) modifiers 垂悬修饰语（使用不当的修饰语） 4) confusing shifts in person and number or in voice,tense and mood.人称、数、语气和语态上的变动混乱,. Effective Sentences有效句 1. Unity 统一性 2. Coherence 连贯性 3. Conciseness 简洁性 4. Emphas

16、is 强调性 5. Variety 多样性,P 46 3. Conciseness 简洁性,A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea is fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better. Wordiness only obscures the idea.,. Effective Sentences有效句 1. Unity 统一性 2. Coherence 连贯性 3. Conciseness 简洁性 4. Emphasis 强调性 5. Variety 多

17、样性,P49 4. Emphasis 强调性,When there is an important idea, it should be expressed with emphasis.,(1) Emphatic sentences 整句强调,1. short sentences 短句 2. sentence fragments 不完整句 3. inverted sentences 倒装句 4. parallel constructions and balanced sentences平行结构和对称句 5. periodic sentences 圆周句,6. imperative and ex

18、clamatory sentences 祈使句和感叹句 7. Rhetorical questions修辞问句或反问句 8. negative-positive sentences否定肯定句 9. Sentences with repeated words or phrases有重复词或短语的句子,(2 )Emphasis within the sentence句内强调,1 placing 位置 2 repetition重复 3 the verb and active voice动词和主动语态 4 subordination 从属 5 emphatic words and phrases 表示

19、强调的词或短语 6 alliteration 头韵,P 63 Part Four :The Paragraph 段落,A paragraph is like a mini-essay; it should be unified, coherent and well developed.,. Effective Paragraphs 有效段落,1. unity 统一性 If all the sentences in a paragraph lead to one central theme, the paragraph is unified. The central theme is usual

20、ly summarized in what is called the topic sentence.,P 62,P 63,P 65 . Effective Paragraphs 有效段落,2. Coherence 连贯性,Ways of Developing Paragraphs 段落的展开法,1. Development by time 按时间展开,2. Development by process 按过程展开,3. Development by space 按空间展开,4. Development by Example or Generalization 用举例和归纳方式展开,5. Development by Comparison and Contrast 用类比和对比方式展开,6. Development by Cause and Effect 用原因和结果方式展开,7. Development by Classification 用分类方式展开,8. Development by Definat