天津专版2018年高考英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练2科普知识课件.pptx

1、题组2科普知识,专题三阅读理解第三节题组训练,A (2017河东区一模) Do you ever wish for a little more time to do everything you need to do？Well，on July 1 youll be getting itbut only one more second. On July 1 at exactly 7：59：59 a.m.Beijing time (or on June 30 at 23：59：59 UTC，Coordinated Universal Time)，the worlds atomic(原子的) clo

2、cks will pause for a single second，or，more precisely，change to the unusual time of 7：59：60，according to .The addition of a leap second(闰秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation(旋转) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.,Just one e

3、xtra second could cause big problems and affect the way computers and websites work，however.When the last leap second was added back in 2012，more than a few websites had some trouble.As reported by P，popular sites like the community website Reddit crashed when the leap second was added. For R

4、eddit，the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second.,Speaking to Wired about the problem back in 2012，Linux creator Linus Torvalds commented：“Almost every time we have a leap second，we find something.Its really

5、 annoying，because its code(代码) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions.” Companies have had to think of their own solutions，and Googles “leap smear” may be the best-known example.As company engineer Christopher Pascoe explains in a blog post，companies usu

6、ally try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again.,However，Pascoe believes this creates problems.He asked：“What happens？Does e-mail that comes in during that second get stored correctly？” Google has a solution：Cut the extra

7、 second into milliseconds and then put these tiny amounts of time into the system throughout the day.“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，”says Pascoe.“Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”,For many companies without Googles m

8、oney，however，the leap second will likely still cause some crashes.Dont worry，thoughat least it wont last long!,语篇解读本文主要介绍了“闰秒”带来的影响及其解决方案。,1.Why do we need to add a leap second? A.The worlds atomic clocks are set to do so. B.To keep in time with the worlds computers. C.To keep atomic clocks in time

9、with the slowing of Earths rotation. D.To record the changes to astronomical time.,解析细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“The addition of a leap second(闰秒)，announced by the Paris Observatory，is to keep our clocks in time with the slowing of Earths rotation(旋转) and astronomical time as measured by the sun.”可知，闰秒是由于地球自转变慢引

10、起的，为了与由太阳测量的天文时间一致而增加一秒，故选C。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,2.What happened to the website Reddit when the leap second was added in 2012? A.It crashed because of a virus attack. B.Its network time added two extra seconds. C.All of the code in its Linux system went wrong. D.One of its software systems got confused

11、and the site broke down.,解析细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句和第四段中“the problem was eventually found to be with a Linux system that got confused when it checked the network time and found an extra second”可知，闰秒发生时，网站崩溃，运行系统混乱，故选D。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,解析代词指代题。根据文章第五段中“we find something.Its really annoying，because its code(代码

12、) that is almost never used，and thus not tested by users under their normal conditions”可知，something指代后文出现的一些从没使用过和测试过的代码，即代码不正常地工作，故选A。,3.What does the underlined word “something” refer to in the 5th paragraph? A.The code not working properly.B.The extra second. C.The problem.D.Normal conditions.,答案

13、,解析,2,3,1,4,5,4.How do companies usually deal with the problem of the extra second? A.By shutting down computers at the end of the day. B.By stopping receiving emails that come in during that second. C.By turning the clocks back by one second at the end of the day. D.By cutting the extra second into

14、 milliseconds throughout the day.,解析细节理解题。根据第六段中“companies usually try to fix the problem by turning back the clocks by one second at the end of the day so that they play that second again”可知，解决额外一秒的做法是在一天结束时将时钟往回调一秒，故选C。,答案,解析,2,3,1,4,5,5.Whats Christopher Pascoes attitude toward Googles solution t

15、o the problem? A.Unfavorable. B.Doubtful. C.Approving. D.Cautious.,解析推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“This means that when it became time to add an extra second at midnight，says Pascoe.Our clocks have already taken this into account over the course of the day.”可知，午夜时分多一秒时，时钟已经在白天将这一秒考虑在内了，所以Pascoe认同这个方法，故选C。,答案,解析,2,

16、3,1,4,5,B (2017和平区一模) Soaping up your hands may do more than just get rid of germs.It may wash away the inner confusion you feel right after being forced to make a choice between two appealing choices，according to a new study.The study builds on past research into a phenomenon known as “the Macbeth

17、effect”.,It turns out that Shakespeare was really onto something when he imagined Lady Macbeth trying to clean her conscience(良心) by rubbing invisible bloodstains from her hands.A few years ago，scientists asked people to describe a past wrong act.If people were then given a chance to clean their han

18、ds，they later expressed less guilt than people who hadnt cleaned. This finding fascinated W.S.Lee，a researcher.“Anything from the past，any kind of negative emotional experiences，might be washed away，” says Lee.,He decided to test hand washings effect on one kind of bad feeling：the tension we feel af

19、ter being forced to choose between two attractive choices，because picking one choice makes us feel that weve lost the other.People usually try to calm this inner conflict by later exaggerating(夸大) the positive aspects of their choice. He had students rank 10 different music CDs.Then he offered stude

20、nts one CD as a gift.Some students then used liquid soap.Others only looked at the soap or sniffed(嗅) it.“Actually，you do not need water and soap，” says Lee.,Later，the students again had to rank all the music.People who didnt wash their hands had the normal responsethey scored their take-home CD hig

21、her，suggesting that they now saw it as even more attractive than before.But this wasnt true for the hand washers.They ranked the music about the same.“They feel no need at all to justify the choice，” says Lee.,But the implications of it just arent clear.Schwarz says its too soon to know whether peop

22、le should head for a sink after making a tough choice.He says washing may help decision-makers by cleaning away mental disorder，but perhaps if they dont go through the usual post-decision process of justifying their choice，they might feel more sorrow in the long run.,语篇解读本文主要讲述了用香皂洗手会帮助人们缓解作决定时的紧张与不

23、安的情绪。,解析推理判断题。由第二段内容可知，人们在洗手后会感到良心上的愧疚感减轻，故选A。,6.The Macbeth effect refers to the fact that . A.people feel less ashamed after washing their hands B.soaping up ones hand may help wash away the inner confusion and make a decision C.people feel less guilty by getting rid of invisible germs from their

24、hands D.Shakespeare did scientific research before writing Macbeth,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,7.According to Lee，after people make the choice . A.they will overstate the goodness of their chosen choice B.they will feel regretful for not choosing another C.they will feel free due to the feeling of losing the o

25、ther choice D.they will think nothing of their chosen choice any more to calm their inner conflict,解析细节理解题。由第四段内容可知，在做出两个选项的选择后，人们通常会紧张不安，以夸大自己所选择的事物的优点来使内心平静，故选A。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,解析细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“They feel no need at all to justify the choice，says Lee.”可知选B。,8.According to Lee，those hand washers

26、consider justifying their choice . A.more scientificB.unnecessary C.a little convincingD.absolutely useless,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,9.What does Schwarz need to research more? A.Whether people need to justify their choice. B.Whether people feel more sorrow after washing hands. C.Whether washing hands help o

27、ver a long period of time. D.Whether washing hands is helpful to make a choice.,解析细节理解题。通过最后一段内容可知，洗手从长远看是否有作用还需要更多的研究，故选C。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,10.What might be the most suitable title for the passage? A.Is Washing Hands Necessary to Defeat Tension? B.Washing Hands Washes Our Mind C.Washing Hands Helps

28、 Make a Better Choice D.Washing Hands Reduces the Stress of Decision,解析标题归纳题。根据第一段内容以及整篇文章的介绍可知，本文主要讲洗手能够减轻作决定的压力，故选D。,答案,解析,7,8,6,9,10,C (2017南开区三模) You know the saying “Youre as young as you feel”.Well，there may be some truth in that，according to researchers at Harvard and the Massachusetts Instit

29、ute of Technology. Ellen Langer，a Harvard psychologist who studies how the mind influences the body，and her colleagues reviewed the scientific literature for evidence that a persons perception of their age might influence their health.They published their results in the journal Perspectives on Psych

30、ological Science.,In one study that Langer led,47 women had their hair done.The women who thought their new hairdos(发型) made them look younger did look younger to objective observers，who were shown before-and-after pictures.The women who thought they looked younger also showed a drop in blood pressu

31、re.Another study involving 4,421 men found that those who became bald(秃顶) at a relatively young age were more likely to get cancer and heart disease than men who did not.Similarly，another study involving 2,017 men found that those who lost their hair early were more likely to develop heart disease.“

32、We believe that the feelings associated with being older than ones real age account for some of these health outcomes，” the researchers wrote.,The researchers also described studies which found that women who had children later in life were more likely to be healthier and live longer than those who

33、had children early，which they attributed to the fact that these mothers tend to spend more time with younger women. Similarly，people who marry younger partners tend to live longer than those who marry older partners，according to other studies. Taken together，the research supports the general mind-bo

34、dy hypothesis(假说) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can accompany it.While the mechanism(机制) remains unclear，,the researchers figured that suggestions associated with aging can make one unconsciously or consciously aware of old age and set in motion a series of physiological proces

35、ses that can have real effects on short-term and long-term health.,语篇解读本文为说明文，题材为科普知识类。觉得自己更年轻的人更健康也活得更长。,解析词义猜测题。由第一段第一句中的“Youre as young as you feel”及第二段第一句中的“how the mind influences the body”可推测出答案。,11.The underlined word “perception” in Paragraph 2 means “ ”. A.view B.appearance C.influence D.cr

36、eation,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,12.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to Paragraph 3? A.Blood pressure is closely related to hairdos. B.Feeling older than ones real age may be tied to health problems. C.Getting cancer or heart disease is the cause of hair losing. D.The women who love ha

37、irdos look younger than those who dont.,解析细节理解题。由第三段列举的三项研究的结果及最后一句话的总结可知选B。,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,解析推理判断题。由该段中举的例子可推知选C。,13.It can be inferred from Paragraph 4 that . A.a younger mother is more likely to live longer B.the younger one of a couple lives much longer C.often staying with younger people

38、can benefit peoples health D.people who want to live longer need to marry young,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,解析主旨大意题。由第一段第一句中的“Youre as young as you feel”和最后一段第一句中的“the research supports the general mind-body hypothesis(假说) that when a younger mind is prepared，a younger body can accompany it”可知，人们对自己年龄的认知可能

39、会影响健康，故选D。,14.The passage mainly tells us that . A.getting bald too early is not good for health B.women had better give birth later in their life C.people who marry younger partners tend to live longer D.peoples view of their age may have an effect on their own health,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,15.From w

40、hich page of a newspaper is the passage most probably taken from? A.Entertainment. B.Health. C.Economy. D.Politics.,解析文章出处题。本文是关于健康的，故最有可能出自报纸上的健康专栏。故选B。,答案,解析,12,13,11,14,15,D (2017河西区二模) When you want to throw something out as “junk”，better take a second thought as it may be of great value.In fact

41、，scientists made the same mistake with DNA years ago，and now they are trying to get it right. We often say that DNA is a kind of acid that contains our genes.But the truth is that genes only make up 1 to 2 percent of our DNA，which caused scientists to believe that the rest of it is useless.,Neverthe

42、less，instead of doing nothing，junk DNA，as it is called，turned out to be playing an important part in our body.If genes are like light bulbs，then junk DNA acts as switches. They control which genes are used in a cell and how active they are.For example，they can determine whether a cell becomes a lung

43、 cell or a neuron(神经元). The study，published in the journal Nature on September 5，started in 2003，and 442 scientists from 30 labs around the world were involved，according to Reuters.It is considered the biggest breakthrough in genomics(基因学) in a decade because it might help scientists find the cause

44、of certain diseases.,It has long been known that many complicated diseases，such as cancer，are caused by tiny changes in DNA.But now scientists realize that most of the changes occur not in the genes themselves，but in the “junk” part of the DNA.They are able to keep track of how and why the switches

45、change and then figure out new treatments and drugs. “Our former understanding of DNA was like getting a picture of Earth from space，”Eric Lander from the Broad Institute，US，told The New York Times.“You know the planet is there，but you cannot see exactly what its like on the surface.”,But now with t

46、he new study result “you can follow the roads and see the traffic circulation.Thats exactly the same way we will use this data in cancer research，”explained Mark Rubin from Weill Cornell Medical College in New York.,语篇解读本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色。,解析标题归纳题。本文主要介绍了垃圾DNA其实在我们的身体中也扮演着重要的角色，这是医学上的一个新发现，故选C。,16.Which of the following would be the best title for the passage? A.DNAThe Cause of Cancer B.What Is DNA? C.A New Discovery for “Junk DNA” D.A Misunderstanding of Genes,答案,解析,17,18,16,19,20,17.Wh