宾语从句详解课件(公开课)

1、object clauses 宾语从句,i know him . 2. i know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,什么是宾语？,i know him. do you have the time? i think (that) she is beautiful. why dont you pay attention to me?,宾语 位于谓语动词或者介词后,宾语从句（object clause） 1. i dont know when we shall meet again. 我不知道我们什么时

2、间会见面。 2. this reminded me of what he had once promised me. 这使我想起他曾对我的许诺。,一、宾语从句的概念,从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 eg. we know mr green teaches english. she asked if these answers were right.,二、宾语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,不同引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 who,whom,whose,which,what 和连接副词 wh

3、ere,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,（一）引导词,1,2,3,e.g. i hear (that) _. he said (that) _. the teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,around the sun,that不能省略的两种情况,（1）当that作介词ex

4、cept, in ，about 宾语时 they believe in that she must still be single. i know nothing about him except that he is living in beijing.,（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时（ it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾） i think it necessary that you should read english aloud. we heard it that

5、 she would get married next month.,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, know， wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后。,are you a student? please tell me. = please tell me if /whether you are a student. do you go to school by bike every day? could you tell me? =could you tell

6、 me if/whether you go to school by bike every day?,1. i want to know . will he go to the park with us? =_ _,i want to know if/whether he will go to the park with us.,i ask him. can he come? _,1. could you tell me? 2. does mr. li lives here? _,只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况,1. 在介词后面： im thinking of whether we

7、 should go fishing. we are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. 2. 在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) ： they asked me whether to go skating.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时: i dont know whether hes free or not. mary asked whether i was doing my homework or not. tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tid

8、y the room. 4. 宾语从句提前时： whether this is true or not, i cant say.,practice time,if / whether 1. i asked her _ she had a bike. 2. were worried about _ he is safe. 3. i wonder _ he is well. 4. i dont know _ or not he is well. 5. i dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,3) 特

9、殊疑问句用作宾语从句时，用原句中的疑问词引导。注意：要将疑问句语序改为陈述句语序（即s+v+) who are you waiting for? can you tell me? =can you tell me who you are waiting for? what did he do yesterday? i dont know. =i dont know what he did yesterday.,v助,v实“做”,v实“做”,1. he asked _. 2. do you know_? 3. he asked_. 4. do you know _? 5. please tell

10、 me _. 6. can you tell me _? 7. could you tell me _?,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose bike was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how i can get to the station,why the train is late,由疑问代词 who, whom, whose, which, what 和疑问副词 where, how, why, when引导的

11、宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,二、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. when will he go to the library? his brother asks when he will go to the library . his brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. what did he want to buy ? i dont know what did he want to buy . i dont know what he wa

12、nted to buy .,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,whats wrong? whats the matter? whats happening? what happened?,注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：,eg: i dont know whats the matter. can you tell me who is over there? can you tell me who he is ?,做主语,做宾语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess

13、, imagine等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。,i dont think this dress fits you well. i dont think you are right.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 我认为你是错的。,i dont believe you will finish the work today.,我认为你今天无法完成工作。,时态： 1. 主句是一般现在时，宾语从句时态不变。 it is going to rain. i think. = i think (that) it is going to rain. 2)

14、 he is a worker. he tells me.= he tells me (that) he is a worker. 3) they will have a trip. he tells me.= he tells me (that) they will have a trip.,4) have you finished reading the book? i wonder.=i wonder if / whether you have finished reading the book. 5) did you do your homework last night? i ask

15、.= i ask if / whether you did your homework last night. 6) he was watching tv at 10 oclock last night. he tells me.= he tells me that he was watching tv at 10 oclock last night. 7) they had gone when i came. i tell him. = i tell him that they had gone when i came.,1) he can go with me. he said. =he

16、said he could go with me.,2. 时态：如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时），从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态（一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,it is going to rain. i thought. = i thought it was going to rain. 2) he is a worker. he told me.= he told me that he was a worker. 3) they will have a trip. he told me.= he told me that they would h

17、ave a trip.,4) have you finished reading the book? i wondered.=i wondered if / whether you had finished reading the book. 5) did you do your homework last night? i asked.= i asked if / whether you did your homework last night. 6) he was watching tv at 10 oclock last night. he told me.= he told me th

18、at he was watching tv at 10 oclock last night. 7) they had gone when i came. i told him. =i told him that they had gone when i came.,3.注意：如果从句表示的是客观真理或不变的事实，从句仍然用一般现在时。 our teacher told us that the moon goes /travels around the earth. the teacher told us that light travels/ goes faster than sound. h

19、e said that liu xiang is a famous sports star.,the teacher told me she was born in 1960. i heard that he went to paris last night.,4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。,1. i know (that) he _ (join) the party in 2000. 2. could you tell me where he _(mend) his bike at that time? 3. i see that they _ (

20、play) football over there. 4. tell me where he _ (live). 5. i want to know how long you _ (have) this bike. 6. i hear that he _(come) tomorrow.,joined,was mending,are playing,lives,have had/kept,will come,根据主句，在宾语从句中填入正确的动词时态：,7.i knew that he _(join) the league in 2000. 8. i wanted to know how you

21、_ (get) on with your classmates. 9. he told me that he_(have) this bike for three years. 10. i wondered if he _(come) tomorrow.,joined,got,had had,would come,11.our teacher told us that light _(go) faster than sound. 12. we all knew that the moon _(move) round the sun. 13. it was true that there _(b

22、e) twelve months in a year.,goes,moves,are,14.the radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) 15.the headmaster hopes everything _ well. (go) 16.i heard they _ (return) it already. 17.he said that they _ members of the party since 1948. (be) 18.our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise),wi

23、ll be,goes,had returned,had been,rises,以 wh- 疑问词或 how 引导的宾语从句与动词不定式可相互转换: 疑问代词 who, what, which 及疑问副词 when, where, why 等和动词不定式连用，构成动词不定式短语。 i didnt know what to do.=i didnt know what i should do. the policeman showed us where to go.=the policeman showed us where we should go. can you tell me how to

24、make a kite? =can you tell me how i can make a kite?,i dont know what i can say next. = i dont know what to say next. he doesnt know where he can make a phone call.= he doesnt know where to make a phone call.,主句和从句的主语为同一人，宾语从句可转换为动词不定式结构。如下所示：,宾语从句三要素,时 态,summary (小结）,引导词（连接词）,语 序,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. where do they stop on the way? i asked. 2. what will you speak at the meeting? could you tell me? 3. do they like to go skiing? he asked. 4. he is doing h