高中定语从句课件我喜欢.ppt

1、,定语从句,Which one is Harry Porter?,The boy is Harry Porter.,Which one is Harry Porter?,The boy who is wearing glasses is Harry Porter.,定语从句,由于定语从句是一个句子，毫无疑问，必定不可能是一个词，所以都是放在被修饰词的后面，我们还给这个被修饰的词起了个名字，先行词，因为修饰她的句子还在后面，她先出现的。 我们例子中的who便是关系代词，这个关系我们也可以理解成桥梁，将主句和从句联系到一起。所以这关系代词也是紧挨着先行词的。 所以我们先要搞清楚啥是定语从句，啥是先

2、行词，啥是关系代词。咱再琢磨这定语从句如何用。,一. 定语从句的基本定义,放在名词或代词后面，由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰该名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。,一. 定语从句的基本定义,eg. The boy who is reading is Tom.,先行词,关系代词,Hospital is a place where a doctor works.,先行词,关系副词,先行词和关系词的关系,1.A plane is a machine that can fly. 2.The boy who broke the window is called Tom. 3.The

3、 boy whose parents are dead was brought up by his grandfather. 4.The school where I study is far from my home.,the machine = that,the boy =who,the boys =whose,in the school = where,关系代词实际上是先行词的复指,关系词whose实际上是先行词的所有格,关系副词实际上是介词先行词,Join the following sentences: A plane is a machine. The machine can fl

4、y. A plane is can fly.,关系代词的实质,the machine,a machine,that /which,The lady is Green. We saw her yesterday.,her,The lady,we saw yesterday,Who/that,关系代词实际上代替的就是先行词,is Green.,引导定语从句的关系词,指代人 指代事物 所属关系 指地点 指时间 指原因,who, whom, that which, that whose, of which where when why,关系代词,关系副词, who指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语

5、时，可省略。,The man (who) I talked with is our teacher.,A person who steals things is called a thief.,whom指人,在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。,The man (whom) I nodded to is Mr. Li.,who, whom, which 指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,These are the trees which were planted last year.,This recorder （which） he is using is made in Japan

6、.,which,He is the man (that) I told you about.,that 指人或物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。作宾语时，可省略。,A plane is a machine that can fly.,that,whose指人或物, 在定语从句中作定语 。不可省略。,We live in a house whose windows face south.,This is the little girl whose parents were killed in the great earthquake.,whose,2. 关系代词的用法注意点,(1) that和whi

7、ch都可以指物，但以下5种情况只能用that 不能用which。,当先行词中有人又有物时。如：,Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?,当先行词为不定代词all, one, few, little, no, some, any, everything, nothing, nobody, none等时。如： This is all that I want from the school.,当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has

8、been built in this city.,当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never be forgotten.,当先行词被only, just, very, right, last等修饰时。如： This is the very book that I am looking for these days.,(2) that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况，多用who。,(2)用who不用that的情况,先行词为all, anyone, one, ones等时。如： All who heard the news

9、were excited.,先行词为those, he和people时。如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.,(3) whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose引导定语从句，其后应紧跟名词，构成名词短语。 whose与它所修饰的名词一起可以作介词的宾语。如： The boss in whose department he worked had heard the news.他工作所在部门的老板已经听说了这个消息。,(

10、3)whose引导的定语从句注意点,whose的先行词指物时，可用of which代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of which，或= of which + the + 名词。如： The novel whose title (= the title of which或of which the title) is Red and Black is very interesting., whose引导的定语从句，其先行词既可以指人也可以指物。,whose的先行词指人时，可用of whom代替，但语序不同，即whose+名词 = the+名词+of whom，或= of

11、whom + the + 名词。如： The boy whose mother (= the mother of whom或of whom the mother) is a doctor is my friend.,(4) 关系代词在从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数必须与先行词保持一致。如： Those who are against the plan put up your hands. Tom is one of the students who were praised by the teacher yesterday. Tom is the only one of the st

12、udents who was praised by the teacher yesterday.,(4)从句中的谓语动词与先行词保持一致,The scientist who we met yesterday is very famous whom in the world. that ,(2) The dress is new. She is wearing it.,The dress which she is wearing is new. that ,(1) The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.,巩

13、固练习：1. 用定语从句合并句子,巩固练习1：用定语从句合并句子,(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.,(4) This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.,He is the kind person who I have ever worked with. whom that ,This is the best film that I have ever seen. ,(which/ that),who/ that,whose,which/ that,who, t

14、hat, whom, which, whose,I have a friend _ likes listening to the classical music. Yesterday Emily was wearing the new dress _ I gave her. The man _ leg broke in a match used to be a good football player. Kate is reading a book _ is too difficult for her.,1.The girl _is standing next to our teacher i

15、s her daughter. 2. The girl _our teacher is talking with is a famous singer. 3. The girl_ mother is a teacher can speak English very well. 4. I cant find the book _is borrowed from the library. 5. I cant find the book _you lent to me.,who/that,(who/whom/that),whose,which/that,(that/which),巩固练习： 用适当的

16、关系词填空,巩固练习2：用适当的关系词填空,The family _ Im staying with lives in town. I know the student _ article was published. Betty, _ has never been abroad, is studying English very well. My parents live in a house _ is more than 100 years old. The boy with _ John spoke is my brother. Luckily none of the people _

17、I know were killed in the earthquake.,(which/ that),whose,who,?that,which/ that,whom,whom,?省略,根据从句中的动词搭配,This is the book _ which you asked. 注意：动词短语不能拆，即介词不提前 我照顾的那个老人好多了。 The old man after whom I am looking is better. The old man whom I am looking after is better.,介词+whom/which如何判断介词,for,根据从句中的形容词搭

18、配,He told me some reference books _ which I am not very familiar. This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teachers desk.,如何判断介词,with,根据先行词与介词搭配,介词 + 关系代词 = 关系副词,My grandpa was born in 1939 _ the World War broke out. Kun Ming is a beautiful place _ flowers are seen all the year round.

19、,如何判断介词,in which,when,in which,where,The song, _ we are interested will be broadcast tonight. He is the hero _ we are proud. This is the college _ well visit a famous actor. The earth _ we live is a big round ball.,in which,of whom,in which,on which,Exercise,Do you like the book _ she spent $10? Do

20、you like the book _ she paid $10? Do you like the teacher _ she learned a lot? Do you like the teacher _ we are talking has gone abroad? He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.,on which,for which,from whom,about whom,of which,介词+关系代词的使用,先行词是the way

21、，意为“方式，方法”时，引导定语从句的关系词用that/ in which或省略。,I didnt like the way _ she talked to me. The way _he teaches English is interesting.,（that/in which）,（that/in which）,5. 先行词为the way，关系词的使用,关系代词as引导,1. 先行词与such, the same连用或先行词本身就是the same, such时，要用as。 Such people as you describe are rare nowadays. Would you

22、like to buy the same pen as I have? 2. 代替整个句子，在从句中作主语，而从句位于句首时，要用as。 As is well known, the earth goes around the sun.,The earth is round, _ we all know. _ is known to all, the earth is round. _ is known to all that the earth is round.,as,As,It,定语从句在句首时只能用as，as 具有正如之意，动词一般较固定,as的使用,/which,Being a vol

23、unteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have. Being a volunteer is such a privilege _ we all want to have it.,as,that,as的使用,五. 关系副词when, where和why的用法,五. 关系副词的基本用法,用关系副词when时，先行词指时间，when在定语从句中作时间状语，when可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,I still remember the day when (= on which) I first came to Nanjing.,My father w

24、as born in the year when (= in which) World War broke out.,1. when,1. when,用关系副词where时，先行词指地点，where在定语从句中作地点状语，where可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,This is the farm where (= on which) we worked when we were young.,The school where (= in which) his mother teaches is in the west of the city.,2. where,2. where,用关系副词wh

25、y时，先行词指原因，why在定语从句中作原因状语，why可换成“介词+关系代词”。如：,There are several reasons why (= for which) the boys should be punished.,Tom couldnt give the teacher the reason why (= for which) he was late for school.,3. why,3. why,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,(1)当先行词为time，表示“次数”时，应用关系词that 或省略。如： This is the first time (that) the p

26、resident has visited the country.,(2)当point, situation, case等词作先行词表示“情况，境地，场合”等意思时，其后常由where引导定语从句，where在句中作状语。如： Can you think of a situation where this phrase can be used?,4. 关系副词的用法注意点,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,1) October 1, 1949 was the day_ (_ _) China was founded. 2) Beijing is the place _ (_ _) I live.

27、3) Is this the reason _ (_ _) he didnt want to see me?,when,on which,where,in which,why,for which,巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空,4) Is this the room _(_ _) we were living last winter? 5) The days are gone _ (_ _) we used “foreign oil”. 6) Yesterday, we had a meeting _ (_ _) we discussed many problems.,where,in whic

28、h,when,during which,at which,where,对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,1. The room _ he once lived is still there. The room _ I have to clean every day belongs to my mother.,where/in which,(that/which),对比练习：用适当的关系词填空,2. I will never forget the day_ I met you. I will never forget the day _ we spent together.,when/on whic

29、h,(that/which),The reason _ I dont know is known to him.,(that/which),why/for which,3. The reason _ I dont know the thing is that I was not there at that time.,Ill never forget the days _ we worked together. Ill never forget the days _ we spent together. I went to the place _ I worked ten years ago.

30、 I went to the place _ I visited ten years ago. This is the reason _ he was late. This is the reason _ he gave.,when/ in which,(that/which),where /in which,(which/ that),why /for which,that/ which,及物动词,及物动词,及物动词,六. 非限制性定语从句,1. 非限制性定语从句的定义,非限制性定语从句是对被修饰部分进行附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然完整或清楚。它和主句之间的关系比较松散，因此常用逗号隔

31、开。不用that 引导,My watch, which is very old, stopped again.,六. 1. 非限制性定语从句的定义,2.限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(1)限制性定语从句和主句的关系十分密切，若省去，主句的意思就不明确。主从句之间不用逗号隔开。而非限制性定语从句则不然。试比较：,This is the best book that I have read.,This is a good book, which is easy to understand.,2. 限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别,(2)限制性定语从句的先行词总是一个名词或一个代词，

32、而非限制性定语从句的先行词可以是一个词，也可以是部分或整个主句的意思。此时，一般用关系代词as或which引导。,(4)在非限制性定语从句中，不能省略关系代词，而在限制性定语从句中则可以。,(3)限制性定语从句可以用关系代词that引导，而非限制性定语从句则不能。,(5)关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作介词的宾语时，介词前可以有被介词短语所修饰的词。如：,(6)在非限制性定语从句中，关系代词还可以作介词的宾语。,He has two daughters, the elder of whom is married.,He is ill, in spite of which he keeps on

33、studying.,3. 关系代词as, which引导非限制定语从句时的区别,(1)as和which都可指主句的整个意思，而不是主句中的某一个词。as引导的非限制性定语从句，既可在主句前，又可在主句后，有时还可插入主句中；而which引导的非限制性定语从句一般置于主句之后。如：,3. as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别,The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.,As is known to all, the moon travels round the earth.,(2)

34、 as多用于下列习惯用语中,as anybody can see 正如人人都能看到的那样 as is well known = as is known to all 众所周知 as we had expected 正如我们所预料的那样 as often happens 正如经常发生的那样 as has been said before 如上所述 as is mentioned above 正如上面提到的,4. “介词+关系代词”结构引导非限制性定语从句，一般有以下几种结构：,(1)名词+介词+关系代词： They live in a house, the door of which faces

35、 south.,4. “介词+关系代词”引导非限制性定语从句的几种结构,(2)代词+介词+关系代词： There are four students in the classroom, all of whom are working hard.,(3)数词+介词+关系代词： Last Sunday I bought a book from the bookstore, three of which were English novels.,(4)形容词比较级/最高级+介词+关系代词： China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is

36、 Taiwan.,巩固练习,1. I still remember the days _ I worked with the farmers. I still remember the days _ I spent with the farmers. A. which B. on which C. when D. what 2. We were on the way _ it began to rain. I dont like the way _ you speak to your parents. A. when B. that C. how D. which,C,A,A,B,in whi

37、ch/ ,3. The teacher didnt know the reason _ she was absent yesterday. The teacher couldnt accept the reason _ she explained yesterday. A. how B. why C. that D. who 4. Is this school _ you ever visited? Is this the school _ you ever studied? Is this the school in _ you ever studied? A. where B. which

38、 C. that D. the one,B,C,D,A,B,5. This is _ he said at the meeting yesterday. This is all _ he said at the meeting yesterday. A. that B. which C. what D. how 6. _ is reported in the newspapers, they have beaten all the other teams. _ is reported in the newspaper that they have beaten all the other te

39、ams. _ is reported in the newspaper is that they have beaten all the other teams. A. It B. As C. Which D. What,C,A,B,A,D,7. It was such an easy question _ they could answer. It was such an easy question _ they could answer it. A. that B. as C. which D. what 8. That is the house, _ windows hasnt been

40、 cleaned for months. That is the house, _ the windows hasnt been cleaned for months. That is the house, but _ windows hasnt been cleaned for months. A. its B. its C. whose D. of which,B,A,C,D,B,9. John said hed been working in the office for hours, _ was true. John said hed been working in the office for hours, but _ is not true. A. he B. it C. which D. who 10. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ died. A few people were caught in the big fire, _ dead. A. two of whoB. two of whom C. two of themD. two of they,C,B,B,C,11. It was 1945 _ the World War II ended