Chapter 2 American History-1.ppt

1、American History,I. The Colonial Period,Who Came Here before Columbus,The Native Americans Viking Norsemen,People First Came by the Berring Sea,Columbuss Discovery,On Aug. 3rd, 1492, Columbus started sailing from Spain with 87 sailors in three ships. On Oct. 12, 1492, Columbus landed on America.,Lan

2、ding on Massachusetts,In 1620, a group of Puritans came to America. On Sep.16, they set off from Plymouth, England on a ship called the Mayflower. Before they set foot on the new land, they signed the Mayflower Compact, in which they promised to obey the rules and laws of the colony.,Establishment o

3、f Colonies,By the mid-18th century practically the whole of North America had been divided out among the European colonialists.,The 13 Original Colonies,II. The Revolutionary Period,Conflicts Between the Colonies and England,The Stamp Act (1765) The Boston Massacre (1770) The Boston Tea Party (1770)

4、,The Stamp Act,1.1765 2.The first direct tax. 3.“No Taxation without Representation.” 4. It was repealed in 1766.,The Boston Massacre,March 5, 1770. Throwing snowballs near the Boston Customs House. British soldiers fired into the crowd. Four civilians were killed.,The Boston Tea Party,East India Co

5、mpanys monopoly. Boycott. Dec.16, 1773, 342 chests of tea were thrown into the harbor waters. The Port of Boston was closed.,Background （补充）,Britains victory led directly to a conflict with its American colonies. The British government denied the colonists the right to settle west of the Appalachian

6、 mountains and charged taxes on many imported goods. In 1773, a group of patriots responded to the tea tax by staging the “Boston Tea Party”: they tossed 342 crates of tea into Boston harbor, which became the fuse of the War of Independence. In September 1774, the First Continental Congress met in P

7、hiladelphia. Colonists began to organize militias.,Stamp Act 1765 (补充),In 1765 the Stamp Act was the first direct tax ever levied by Parliament on the colonies. All newspapers, almanacs, pamphlets, and official documentseven decks of playing cardswere required to have the stamps. All 13 colonies pro

8、tested fiercely, as popular leaders such as Patrick Henry in Virginia and James Otis in Massachusetts, rallied the people in opposition.,Give me liberty or give me death Patrick Henry Gentlemen may cry, Peace, Peacebut there is no peace. The war is actually begun! The next gale that sweeps from the

9、north will bring to our ears the clash of resounding arms! Our brethren are already in the field! Why stand we here idle? What is it that gentlemen wish? What would they have? Is life so dear, or peace so sweet, as to be purchased at the price of chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty God! I know n

10、ot what course others may take; but as for me, give me liberty or give me death!,Patrick Henry,Stamp Act 1765 (补充),A secret group, the “Sons of Liberty” formed in many towns and threatened violence if anyone sold the stamps. In Boston, the Sons of Liberty burned the records of the vice-admiralty cou

11、rt and looted the elegant home of the chief justice, Thomas Hutchinson. Several legislatures called for united action, and nine colonies sent delegates to the Stamp Act Congress in New York City in October 1765. Moderates led by John Dickinson drew up a “Declaration of Rights and Grievances” stating

12、 that taxes passed without representation violated their Rights of Englishmen. Lending weight to the argument was an economic boycott of British merchandise, as imports into the colonies fell from 2,250,000 in 1764 to 1,944,000 in 1765.,Stamp Act 1765 (补充),John Dickinson,Stamp Act 1765 (补充),Tea Act

13、and Boston Tea Party 补充,The Tea Act, passed by Parliament in May of 1773. The act was not intended to raise revenue in the American colonies, and in fact imposed no new taxes. It was designed to prop up the East India Company which was in financial difficulty and burdened with eighteen million pound

14、s of unsold tea. This tea was to be shipped directly to the colonies, and sold at a bargain price. However, and the radical leaders in America found reason to believe that this act was a maneuver to buy popular support for the taxes already in force. The direct sale of tea, via British agents, would

15、 also have undercut the business of local merchants.,Colonists in Philadelphia and New York turned the tea ships back to Britain. In Charleston the cargo was left to rot on the docks. In Boston the Royal Governor was stubborn and held the ships in port, where the colonists would not allow them to un

16、load. On December 16, 1773, a group of men, led by Samuel Adams and dressed to evoke American Indians, boarded the ships of the government-favored British East India Company and dumped an estimated 10,000 worth of tea on board into the harbor. This event became known as “the Boston Tea Party”.,Tea A

17、ct and Boston Tea Party 补充,First Continental Congress,Philadelphia. All except Georgia. Expressed colonial grievances. Only radicals demanded independence.,Common Sense,A pamphlet by Thomas Paine. January, 1776 It argued for independence from British rule.,War Broke Out,April 18, 1775 2,000 soldiers

18、 to confiscate munitions at Concord. The first shots were fired at Lexington, Massachusetts.,Second Continental Congress,May 10, 1775. The Continental Army was founded. George Washington was elected commander-in-chief.,The Declaration of Independence,Thomas Jefferson. Defined the rights of the peopl

19、e of the independent states. On July 4, it was approved. The birth of America.,The Declaration Stated:,“We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights, that among these are Life, Liberty, and the pursuit of Happiness.”,The War Ended (1781),Six and a half years Won on Oct.19, 1781 Washington and his army, cornered and forced the surrender of British forces at Yorktown, Virginia.,The Constitutiona