GulfofMexicooilspill.ppt

1、Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill,KEY WORDS,Gulf 海湾 Oil Spill 石油泄漏 semisubmersible 半潜式的 offshore drilling rig 海底钻井平台 BP （British Petroleum）英国石油公司 Methane gas 甲烷，沼气 ROV （remotely operated underwater vehicle) 远程操纵潜水器 Toxicity 毒性 Oxygen depletion 氧气耗尽，缺氧 Inhale 吸入 Respiratory 呼吸的 Nausea 作呕，恶心 Throat irritation

2、咽喉刺激,National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) 美国海洋暨大气总署 Persian Gulf 波斯湾 Tanker 油罐 Dike 护堤 Bog & marshland 沼泽 Solidify 固化 Blowout 喷 Ignite 着火,点燃 Valve 阀门 Environmental Protection Agency环境保护局,On April 20, 2010, an explosion occurred on the semi-submersible offshore drilling rig Deepwate

3、r Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico, killing 11 rig workers and injuring 17 others. On April 20, 2010, methane gas from the well under high pressure shot up and out of the drill column marine riser, expanded onto the platform, and then ignited and exploded. After burning for approximately 36 hours, the

4、Deepwater Horizon sank on the morning of April 22, 2010.,This image from video provided by BP PLC early Thursday morning, June 10, 2010 shows oil continuing to pour out at the site of the Deepwater Horizon oil well in the Gulf of Mexico.,Volume of oil spill,BP initially estimated the worst case flow

5、 at 162000 barrels per day. On May 13, 2010, BP estimated a worst case spill of 240000 barrels per day .,Spill area,The environmental effects of this spill are already more dynamic than anything ever seen before in US history. Economically, the oil spill has already taken a tremendous toll on BP and

6、 the United States and will continue to do so as relief efforts for oil cleanup and environmental restoration continues.,consequences,The spill threatens environmental disaster due to factors such as petroleum toxicity and oxygen depletion. More than 400 species live in the islands and marshlands at

7、 risk.,ecology,Economy,The oil spill posed a huge threat to fisheries and tourism.,On May 2, 2010 the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration closed commercial and recreational fishing in affected federal waters between the mouth of the Mississippi River and Pensacola Bay. By June 2, the NOA

8、A had increased the area under closure thirteen times in a month, On May 24, the federal government declared a fisheries disaster for the states of Alabama, Mississippi and Louisiana Initial cost estimates to the fishing industry were $2.5 billion.,Continued,Tourism is the main factor. This is espec

9、ially true for Florida, where the state relies completely on revenue from tourists and has no state income tax. To make matters worse, the cleanup of the spill will likely take decades to even come close to completion. on June 1, 2010, BP reported that its own expenditures on the oil spill had reach

10、ed $990 million, a figure that excludes claims from fishermen and other affected industries.,Health,Health-care workers and the general public alike could face risks by inhaling various components of crude oil,all of which may cause cancer. Short-term effects include skin and respiratory problems, w

11、hile longer-term risks are uncertain. Some people along the coast are already reporting headaches, nausea, coughing and throat irritation.,Clean up,BP, which was leading the cleanup, initially employed remotely operated underwater vehicles, 700 workers, 4 airplanes and 32 vessels to contain the oil.

12、 on April 28, the US military announced it was joining the cleanup operation. By April 30, President Barack Obama announced that he had dispatched the Administrator of the Environmental Protection Agency and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration to the Gulf Coast to asses the disaster.

13、,1、After the oil leaking in Gulf of Mexico, firstly BP has tried to use sub-sea robots, operating at 5,000 feet below the surface, to engage the blowout preventer and turn off the flow. With each day that passes, the chance of this working would seem to go down.,2. In May 28,to avoid the oil spill s

14、preading the US. decided to collect the oil on the surface and burn it.,A controlled burn of the oil in the Gulf of Mexico on May 19,3. Then ,cleanup officials have begun to deploy chemical dispersants (化学分散剂)on the waters surface to break down the oil. Theres just one problem: The product contains

15、toxic chemical dispersants can kill fish and other wildlife-exactly the problem that the dispersants are trying to prevent.,4. Then there is the underwater dome idea. BP engineers are attempting to build a massive underwater dome(圆顶) to trap oil and prevent it from rising to the surface. However,it

16、didnt work.,The worst spills in the world,5、Nowruz Oil Field Spill When:Feb. 4, 1983 Where:Persian Gulf, IranAmount spilled:80 million gallons The oil spill was the result of a tanker collision with an oil platform. The weakened platform was closed, and it collapsed upon impact, spewing oil into the

17、 Persian Gulf. The ongoing war between Iran and Iraq prevented the leak from being capped quickly.,4、 Kolva River Oil Spill,When:Aug. 6, 1983 Where:Kolva River, RussiaAmount spilled:84 million gallons A poorly maintained pipeline caused this massive oil spill. The pipeline had been leaking for eight

18、 months, but a dike contained the oil until sudden cold weather caused the dike to collapse. Millions of gallons of accumulated oil were released that spread across 170 acres of streams, fragile bogs and marshland.,3、 Atlantic Empress Oil Spill,When:July 19, 1979 Where:Off the coast of Trinidad (特立尼

19、达岛) and Tobago（多巴哥岛）Amount spilled:90 million gallons This Greek oil tanker was caught in a tropical storm off the coast of Trinidad and Tobago when it collided with the Aegean Captain. The damaged ship started losing oil and continued to leak it into the ocean while it was towed. The oil tank final

20、ly sunk into deep water on Aug. 3,1979, where the remaining cargo solidified.,2、Ixtoc 1 Oil Spill,When:June 3, 1979 Where:Bay of Campeche（坎佩切湾） off Ciudad del Carmen, MexicoAmount spilled:140 million gallons Like the current Gulf oil spill, this spill involve a tanker, but rather an offshore oil well. Pemex, a state-owned Mexican petroleum company was drilling an oil well when a blowout occurred