美国锂电研究及行业新进展.ppt

1、Recent Advancesin Li-Ion Batteries for Electric Vehicles in the U.S.,Ralph J. Brodd Broddarp of Nevada, Inc. Henderson, NV USA,Li-Ion Automotive,Both Asia and the United States need additional factories to handle the demand for lithium-ion batteries for EV and give an opening for the U.S. manufactur

2、ers. Automotive market will be at least 10X larger than present portable electronics market for batteries Safety and Reliability are key issues with cells and packs Very much a developing market, worldwide. New cell sizes, new production techniques, material supply are issues. Really need a common c

3、ell size for low cost production. Choice of chemistry is not clear, as yet HEV is about power while PHEV is both power and energy. Ni-MH will continue as choice for HEV,Details of U.S. Stimulus Package,Total $2 billion available Very detailed proposals required DOE DE-FOA-0000026 Recovery Act Electr

4、ic Drive Vehicle Battery and Component Manufacturing Initiative Cell and Battery Manufacturing Initiative - $1.2 B Advanced Battery supplier Manufacturing Facilities - $0.275B Advanced Lithium Battery Recycling Facilities - $0.025 B Electric Drive Component Manufacturing Facilities - $0.35B Electric

5、 drive Subcomponent Manufacturing Facilities - $0.15 Matching funds (cost share, 25 50%) Lower cost share lowers rating Deliver product in 3 year or less Proposals due 5-19-09,Michigan Initiatives,Governor Jennifer M. Granholm of Michigan announced 14 job-creating projects, generating more than 7,70

6、0 new jobs and over $2 billion in new investment in communities across the state. State of Michigan is active with tax rebates, tax credits against profits and training support with university training e.g., Univ. of Michigan Manufacturing Facility LG Chem-Compact Power (LGC-CPI) LG Chem U.S. subsid

7、iary Compact Power and General Motors LCG-CPI; GM award to supply Li-Ion batteries for the Chevrolet Volt PHEV. $200 million to produce lithium ion batteries for General Motors Corp . $125.2 million combined state battery cell and tax credit A123Systems Inc. supply to Chrysler (US) and SAIC Motor Co

8、rp. (China) Plans to invest over $600 million in initial coating, cell manufacturing, and pack assembly in Livonia. $125.2 million in combined state battery cell and tax credits Raised $69 million venture capital led by General Electric Co.,Michigan Initiatives-2,KD Advanced Battery Group LLC Joint

9、venture between Dow Chemical Co., Kokam America Inc. and Townsend Ventures LLC $665 million investment to build a 800,000 sq. ft. facility $144.6 million combined state battery cell and tax credits from MI Maintain its facility in Lees Summit MO Johnson controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions LLC to

10、invest $220 million in a new advanced-battery manufacturing facility in Holland MI to produce lithium-ion cells for automotive applications. Refurbish a former lead acid plant for Li-Ion production Saft-JCI Li-Ion technology will maintain R&D activity in Glendale (Milwaukee) WI,NAATBatt,National All

11、iance for Advanced Transportation Batteries was formed in January 2009 to develop manufacturing of Li-Ion battery cells in the U.S. Formed as not-for-profit company Today, 55 members including: Cell Manufacturers, Pack Manufacturers, Materials Suppliers, and venture capital Co. Will propose for fund

12、ing from Stimulus Package Plant site in Harbin County, Kentucky,Polymer electrolytes,Seeo, Inc. of Berkeley CA has developed new solid polymers electrolyte for lithium-ion batteries that are safer, longer-lasting, lighter, and cheaper than that in current Li-Ion batteries. The polymers form an array

13、 of conductive cylinders that are embedded within the other polymer, which serves as a hard matrix. The electrolyte film is robust and is almost as conductive as liquid electrolytes Seeos key breakthrough is a stable, robust solid non-flammable polymer electrolyte resistant to oxidation and reductio

14、n Cells based on thin polymer films as the electrolyte for high-energy-density, light-weight electrodes. Reported 1,000 cycles with less than 5 percent capacity loss. For the negative electrode with lithium metal films, Seeo calculated that it would have an energy density of up to 300 Wh/kg. Seeo ha

15、s developed.,Silicon Li Anodes,Clare Grey at SUNY Stoney Brook using “in situ” NMR spectroscopy, she and co-workers identified the formation of silicides, as well as an internal mechanism of self-discharge involving a highly reactive Li-Si phase. Lithium silicides decompose by reacting with the batt

16、ery electrolyte and forming unwanted lithium organic salts reducing capacity irreversibly. Silicon also converts to aLi7Si3 phase, which features Si dumbbells, (top) and a Li12Si7 phase (bottom). The researchers found that treating the electrodes with carboxymethyl cellulose impedes the unwanted rea

17、ction.,top,bottom,Silicon Nanowall anodes,Very active research area The team led by at PNNL demonstrated a scalable, production-worthy approach for preparation of SiNWs based on a modified Solid-Liquid-Solid (SLS) reaction. The SiNW growth is catalyzed on Si seed crystals (diameter 100 nm and aspect

18、 ratio of 1000-10,000:1). Si nanowires produced deliver a capacity 1000 mAh/g and 10% capacity fade after 200 charge/discharge cycles. Questions: Capacity fade on cycling a characteristic of the nanowire material or surface phenomena that it can be eliminated? What is the cause for the low capacity

19、compared to the theoretical capacity?,Self Assembled Materials,Dr. Angela Belcher, MIT biologist, developed -a bacteriophage - or virus that infects bacteria but is harmless to humans. Previously, the team used a virus that coated itself in cobalt oxide cathode material and gold and self-assembled o

20、nto a nanowire. A small alteration of the viruss DNA produced an affinity for molecules of iron phosphate. In this case, the virus built themselves into a nanowire structure attached to a carbon nanotube Thealtered viruses DNA bonds with iron phosphate on one end of theirstructure and attaches thems

21、elves to single-walled carbon nanotubes for their electric properties New materials have the same energy storage but require less energy to produce and do not use or produce toxic by-products. Laboratory prototypes can power a single LED light bulb. The process needs to be scaled-up to prove its via

22、bility.,High Rate LiFePO4,Molecular calculations by Ceder and Kang suggested a surface treatment to direct lithium to particular to particular crystal faces Extra lithium and phosphorous form lithium diphosphate on the surface, with high ionic conductivity. Lithium ions quickly shuttled to faces tha

23、t can pull them in, allowing for very fast charge and discharging. Lithium ions (blue) easily and quickly diffuse across a specially prepared coating on the surface of LiFePO4 to find a open channel into the structure Nature 2009, 458, 190,Fe brown P lilac O - red,Cold Fusion,On the 20th year anniversa