大学英语四级写作专题辅导.ppt

1、大学英语四级写作专题辅导,吴少驰 江苏大学外国语学院,大学英语四级作文评分标准,一、评分原则1 CET检查考生是否达到大学英语教学大纲规定的四级和六级教学要求，对作文的评判应以此要求为准则。 2CET作文题采用总体评分(Global Scoring)方法。阅卷人员就总的印象给出奖励分(Award Scores)，而不是按语言点的错误数目扣分。 3从内容和语言两个方面对作文进行综合评判。内容和语言是一个统一体。作文应表达题目所规定的内容，而内容要通过语言来表达。要考虑作文是否切题，是否充分表达思想，也要考虑是否用英语清楚而合适地表达思想，也就是要考虑语言上的错误是否造成理解上的障碍。,4避免趋中

2、倾向。该给高分的给高分，包括满分；该给低分给低分，包括零分。一名阅卷人员在所评阅的全部作文卷中不应只给中间的几种分数。 5. 字数不足以应酌情扣分。 二、评分标准1本题满分为15分2阅卷标准共分五等：2分、5分、8分、11分及14分。各有标准样卷一份。3阅卷人员根据阅卷标准，对照样卷评分，若认为与某一分数(如 8分)相似，即定为 该分数(即8分)；若认为稍优或稍劣于该分数则可加一分(即9分)或减一分(即7分)。但不得加或减半分。,分数档,4评分标准2分 (33) 条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。5分 (39) 基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的

3、严重语言错误。8分 (45) 基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。11分(57) 切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。14分(67) 切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性较好，基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 注：白卷，作文与题目毫不相关，或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想，则给0分。,CET4写作评分标准,高分作文 基本要求：思想表达正确，语义连贯，无重 大语言错误 高分要求： 句型的多样性 经典词组短语的运用 亮点词汇,写作题型,议论文 1.主题型（topic） 健康对人类的幸福必不可少；如何保持健康；结论 2.观点对比型（A

4、I saw; I conquered. Julius Caesar Government of the people, by the people and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. Abraham Lincoln Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Francis Bacon Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and di

5、gested. Francis Bacon,排比句式 It cannot be denied that technology does help us a lot. Internet provides us with easy access to various aspects of knowledge and information; mobile phones make it more convenient for us to communicate with one another; a growing number of man-made satellites have been la

6、unched to probe into the secrets of the universe. Without technology, the world would stop developing. That is why we should be proud of advanced science and technology in the contemporary age.,排比句式 some discard litters everywhere; some cheat in tests; some waste food on canteens; some throw offensi

7、ve/insulting remarks at others; some are always late for classes; some guys even watch pornographic or violent films in dorms.,2009.12 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the topic of Creating a Green Campus. You should write at least 120 words following t

8、he outline given below: 1. 建设绿色校园很重要 2. 绿色校园不仅指绿色的环境. 3. 为了建设绿色校园，我们应该.,1.建设绿色校园很重要 The concept of “Green Life” has gained wide popularity among Chinese citizens. Almost every university has been aware of the importance of building a green campus. Without green environment it is impossible for colle

9、ge students to have an enjoyable/agreeable life in the Ivory Tower. Furthermore, a green campus is of benefit to broaden/consolidate students awareness of environmental protection.,Creating a Green Campus,2.绿色校园不仅仅指绿色的环境 In addition to green environment, green campuses also refer to decent behaviors

10、. However, taking a look around, we can find a good many examples of inappropriate ones: some discard litters everywhere; some cheat in tests; some waste food on canteens; some throw offensive/insulting remarks at others; some are always late for classes; some guys even watch pornographic or violent

11、 films in dorms. In fact, it has become a trend for many students to turn a blind eye to their own bad acts.,3.为了建设绿色校园，我们应该 Accordingly, it is imperative/urgent for us to take measures to maintain green campuses. For one thing, it is essential that regulations should be worked out to ban these nega

12、tive behaviors. For another, we should educate, advocate and encourage our classmates, friends and acquaintances to refuse all uncivilized acts. If we do our utmost to do so, the future of our college life will be hopeful, promising and rosy.,友情提醒：高分句式灵活运用 Nowadays English learning is very popular i

13、n China. In recent decades, English learning has gained/is enjoying wide popularity among Chinese students. Nowadays English learning is more and more popular in China. In recent decades, English learning has gained/is enjoying growing popularity among Chinese students. In recent decades, English le

14、arning has found its growing popularity among Chinese students.,首段首尾句句式选择（呼应式写法） 1) _has/have gained (is/are enjoying) wide popularity among_. 2) _has/have found its/their way among _. 3) It has become a prevalent trend for_ to_. It has become a prevalent trend that_. 4) There is a growing trend of_

15、. There is a growing trend that_. 注：首句前加上适当的时间状语,2011-06 现在网上购物已经成为一种时尚 In the contemporary society, online shopping has gained wide popularity throughout the world. For the sake of convenience, a growing number of people make purchases on a variety of shopping websites every day. It has become a pr

16、evalent trend for youngsters to shop online.,In the contemporary society, it has become a prevalent trend for youngsters to shop online. For the sake of convenience, a growing number of people make purchases on a variety of shopping websites every day. Online shopping has gained wide popularity thro

17、ughout the world.,In the contemporary society, there is a growing tide of youngsters shopping online. For the sake of convenience, a growing number of people make purchases on a variety of shopping websites every day. Online shopping has gained wide popularity throughout the world.,2009-12 建设绿色校园很重要

18、 In the present-day society, the concept of “Green Campus” is enjoying wide popularity among universities. Without green environment it is impossible for college students to have an enjoyable and agreeable life in the Ivory Tower. Thus it has become a prevalent trend for universities to create green

19、 campuses.,2010-06 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视单词拼写 In recent decades, English learning has gained wide popularity among students. There is a growing trend/tide of learning English in China. However,题目：My View on Double BA Degree 提纲： 1. 现在大学生读双学位的现象很常见 2. 对此，人们看法不一 3. 我对这一现象的看法,练笔,My view on Double BA Degree In

20、the contemporary society, the system of double bachelors degree has gained wide popularity among universities or colleges. On many campuses it has become a prevalent trend for students to have two majors at the same time.,To this phenomenon, different students take divergent attitudes. Some strongly

21、 approve of it in that a double bachelors degree can broaden their vision, thus putting them in a more favorable position in the job-seeking market. On the contrary, those who stand firmly opposed to it also have cogent reasons. For one thing, two majors make it difficult for them to focus on one pa

22、rticular field; for another, they can expand their scope of knowledge by reading extensively rather than pursuing a double bachelors degree.,Personally, I am slightly negative about double bachelors degree. In this day and age, the more skilled we are in one specific realm, the better we can meet th

23、e societys needs. Accordingly, it is advisable that we should make the most of our college life to acquire more specialized knowledge and skills to set the stage for our future.,My View on Double Degree In the recent decade, double BA degree has gained wide popularity among universities or colleges.

24、 Taking a look around, we can see a great many students strive for it. To this phenomenon, people who favor it are convinced that a double BA diploma builds up confidence in the fierce competition and enables graduates to land an interview easily. By contrast, those who oppose it contend that learni

25、ng two majors deprives students of their spare time to do extracurricular activities. Whats more, they regard double BA degree as a certificate rather than the standard for weighing a persons capability. From where I stand, a student with two majors stands a better chance to find a satisfactory job

26、in the market. Therefore, it is essential that we push for a double BA degree and pave the way for a bright future.,观点对比型模板提炼 To this phenomenon/issue, different _ take divergent attitudes. Some strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate it in that/as _. On the contrary/By contrast, those who ar

27、e/keep/stand strongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it cogently/convincingly contend that _.,To this phenomenon/issue, different _ take divergent attitudes. Some who strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate it are cogently convinced that_. On the contrary/By contrast, those who are/keep/stand s

28、trongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it contend that _.,To this phenomenon/issue, different _ take divergent attitudes. Some strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate it. They hold the view that_. Moreover/Furthermore,_. In addition,_. On the contrary/By contrast, those who are/keep/stand stron

29、gly/firmly/constantly opposed to it also have cogent/sound reasons. For one thing,_; for another,_.,(时间状语), _has/have gained (is/are enjoying) wide popularity among_. It has become a prevalent trend for_ to_. Some_ strongly/firmly/constantly approve of/advocate _ in that/as _. (Some_ strongly/firmly

30、/constantly approve of/advocate _. For one thing,_; for another,_.) On the contrary/By contrast, those who are/keep/stand strongly/firmly/constantly opposed to it also have cogent/sound reasons. According to their point of view,_. Moreover/Furthermore,_. In addition,_.,五彩斑斓的英语句子,什么样的句子更加吸引阅卷老师？ 优美句子

31、的艺术张力何在？ 优美的句子如何形成？,复杂多样 变幻莫测,如何避免句式单调? 被动式 It形式主语/宾语 分词作状语 There be With复合结构（with+ n. 结构） 非限制性定语从句 倒装 主语从句 名词化,被动式 人们普遍认为理论与实践是不可分的。 It is widely accepted that theory is inseparable from practice. 学生应该适当重视单词拼写。 Due importance should be attached to spelling. 事情应当按照轻重缓急来处理。 Priority should be given t

32、o the urgency of matters. 只有拥有远大的理想与辛勤的努力才能取得成功。 No success can be achieved without aspiration and perspiration.,It形式主语/宾语 (1)不用说 It goes without saying that (2)值得做某事 It pays to do sth. (3)不可否认 It cannot be denied that It is undeniable that It must be admitted that (4)人们普遍认为 It is commonly believed

33、that It is generally considered that It is widely accepted that It is universally acknowledged that,(5)很重要 It is exceedingly/extremely important/essential/crucial/vital/necessary/ imperative/urgent (for sb.) to do It is exceedingly/extremely important/essential/crucial/vital/necessary/ imperative/ur

34、gent that+主语+(should) do/be done (6)很流行/普遍 It has become a prevalent trend/tide (for sb.) to do,(7)使得怎么样 make it +adj. +(for sb.) to do (8)认为怎么样 think/believe/consider/find it +adj. +(for sb.) to do (9)想当然认为 take it for granted that(take sth. for granted),分词作状语 Taking a look around, we can see a gre

35、at many students strive for it. Encouraged by parents and teachers, a great many students strive for it. Equipped with a double BA certificate, they can enhance their competitiveness and promote their development.,there be 结构 (1)不可否认 There is no denying (the fact) that (2)是没有/几乎没有意义的 There is no/lit

36、tle point/sense in doing (3)对于人们观点不一 There is no consensus among_ on_/doing (4)也有人持有不同的观点 There are also some who hold the opposing opinion.,there be 结构的灵活运用 1. 近几年这个地区的人口锐减。 In recent decade, there has been a radical decrease in the population of the area. 2. 随着春节的临近，人们回家团圆的心情愈加强烈。 There was a grow

37、ing longing for a family reunion along with the approach of Spring Festival.,with复合结构（with+ n.结构） (1)with+ n. + adj. (2008.12)有了一次性塑料袋，人们购物更方便了。 With disposable plastic bags available, people enjoy more convenience while doing shopping. (2)with+ n.+ 分词 (2011.6)有了各种各样的购物网站，为了方便起见人们开始网上购物。 With a vari

38、ety of shopping websites offered/ provided, a great many youngsters make purchases through the internet for the sake of convenience.,(3)with+ n. +PP(介词短语) 有了双学士文凭，学生更容易找到一份理想的工作。 With a double BA certificate at hand, a student stands a better chance to find an ideal job.,非限制性定语从句 (2009.6)一些参观者到处乱扔垃圾

39、，对博物馆的环境造成了破坏。 Some visitors throw away the garbage here and there, which will do great damage to the surroundings of the museums. Some visitors throw away the garbage here and there, (thus) doing great damage to the surroundings of the museums. 词汇拓展：对有害(do damage/harm to; be detrimental/harmful to;

40、 exert/have a negative/ bad effect/influence on),(2009.6)政府不得不采取其他方式通过各种渠道募集资金，这样操作起来和控制起来都比较困难。 Our government has to work out other ways to collect money from different channels, which might be difficult to operate or control. Our government has to work out other ways to collect money from differe

41、nt channels, causing some difficulty in operating or controlling. 词汇拓展：造成/导致(cause; pose; contribute to; give rise to; bring about; result in; lead to),倒装 2009.06 Only with free access to this live “database” can people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them. Only in this way can free-admissio

42、n to museums become a long-lasting phenomenon and have sustainable development.,(1)only位于句首 only倒装触发的前提条件: only+介词短语 Only in this way can you learn from your mistake. Only by expanding our scope of knowledge can we meet the needs of such an advanced society. only+副词 Only then did I realize the impor

43、tance of health. Only thus can we finish the task ahead of time. only+从句 Only when he was seriously ill did he ever stay in bed.,(2)not onlybut (also) (2006.12)春晚不仅能够营造狂热的节日氛围，而且能够使人们更多地了解中国文化。 Not only does Spring Festival Gala create a feverish atmosphere, but it enables people to know more about

44、Chinese culture. but it acquaints people with more Chinese culture. but it serves as an important channel for people to know more about Chinese culture.,(3)by no means/in no case/on no account (2011.12)我们决不能向困难屈服。 By no means should we give in to difficulties. give in to = yield to = submit to diffi

45、culty/ hardship/ obstacle/ adversity/ setback 在奋斗的过程中我们会遇到无数困难与挫折，但我们决不能屈服。 By no means should we give in to the adversities and setbacks we meet with in the process of our struggling forward.,主语从句(what 引导) (2011.12) What we usually see is the result, but what we ignore is a long process of struggli

46、ng forward and wrestling with internal or external obstacles. 2010.12 90. _(给游客印象最深的) was the friendliness and warmth of the local people. 2009.6 90. _(很多人所没有意识到的) is that Simon is a lover of sports. and football in particular. 2008.12 88. _(大多数父母所关心的) is proving the best education possible for thei

47、r children.,名词化 名词化“是用名词来体现本来要用动词或形容词所体现的过程或特征 ”。(韩礼德) 名词化就是把动词、形容词转化为名词。 Only then did I realize the importance of health. only then did I realize that health was important. There is a heated discussion about whether we should attend military training. we discuss heatedly whether we should attend m

48、ilitary training.,In China, bicycles have gained wide/great popularity among Chinese people. 随着春节的临近，人们回家团圆的心情愈加强烈。 There was a growing longing for a family reunion along with the approach of Spring Festival. More and more universities are aware of the importance of building green campuses. ? There

49、is an increasing awareness of the importance of building green campuses among universities.,名词化触发的位置：主语、宾语、表语、同位语 例：他不断地奋斗，最终取得了成功。 He struggled constantly, so he succeeded in the end. 降级处理：句子短语 struggle struggle；constantly constant; he his his constant struggle succeed success; in the end final; he

50、 his his final success 连词变为谓语动词 so contribute to 合并（注意时态与人称） His constant struggle contributed to his final success.,Technology is developing rapidly, so the society advanced. The rapid development of technology contributes to/promotes the advancement of society. They lack strong will, so they wont

51、pursue double BA degree. The lack of strong will discourages them from pursuing double BA degree. The lack of strong will leads to their reluctance to pursue double BA degree.,(2010.6)试卷上绝大多数都是选择题，因此学生忽视了单词拼写。 An overwhelming percentage of multiple choices in test papers contributes to students igno

52、rance of spelling. An overwhelming percentage of multiple choices in test papers contributes to students lack of attention to spelling.,They reached an agreement after they talked for a long time. They reached an agreement after a lengthy talk. 只有相互信任，相互尊重，友谊才能天长地久。 Only if we trust each other and r

53、espect each other can our friendship last long. Mutual trust and respect promotes a long-lasting friendship. Mutual trust and respect can/will promote a long-lasting friendship. Mutual trust and respect is the key to a long-lasting friendship.,名词化在英语写作中的应用 (2008.12)尽管一次性塑料袋很方便，但是对环境会造成很大的破坏。 Disposa

54、ble plastic bags do much damage to the environment despite great convenience they bring to us. (2010.6)由于没能掌握有效的技巧，学生对背单词灰心丧气。 Failure to obtain effective skills to memorize words discourages students from spelling.,2009.6 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay

55、entitled Free Admissions to Museums. You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below: 1. 越来越多的博物馆现在免费向公众开放，目的是； 2. 有人认为这样做会带来一些问题 3. 在我看来,Nowadays, an increasing number of museums are open to the public for free of charge. The hidden reason behind this is not hard to analyze as

56、 theres a growing awareness for the authorities regarding the popularization of culture, knowledge and history with every average person in our society. Only with free access to this live “database” can most people fully enjoy what museums could offer to them.,However, free admission to museums migh

57、t lead to some social problems as well. On one hand, it might give museums a very heavy economic burden which directly hinders the sustainable development of these organizations. As a result, our government has to work out other ways to collect funds from different channels, which might be difficult

58、 to operate or control. On the other hand, free admission attracts too many visitors, some of whom might bring about some damage to the valuable treasures which used to be well-preserved in the museums.,As a university student, I am in favor of the free-admission conduct. Yet it is proposed that som

59、e measures should be taken to solve the potential problems. For example, museums can establish some regulations to guide the behavior of visitors or set some “closed” days for regular maintenance. Only in this way can free-admission to museums become long-lasting and sustainable.,句子重组(Reorganization of Sentences) e.g. 我是一个学生，今年23岁，毕业于江苏大学，专业车辆工程。 I am a student. I am 23 years old. I graduate from Jiangsu University. My