名词性替代.ppt

1、名词性替代,Winter,什么叫做名词性替代,用动词替代词或代动词do，do so等表示的替代现象叫做动词性替代（Verbal Substitution）例句如下： A: Mary didnt come, did she? B: Yes, she did. (did= came) A: Does Granny look after you every day? B: She cant do at weekends. (do = look after me),动词替代词的用法,动词替代词通常是主动词do的一定形式，也可与so /that/it合用。 A）在替代主动词的用法中，动词替代词do所替代

2、的通常是实义动词（有确切含义的动词,可以单独做谓语）;如果被替代的主动词是及物的，则替代词之后必须跟宾语。例如： She plays the piano better than she does(=play) the guitar.,John speaks French as fluently as he does (speaks）German。 B）由do与so 搭配构成的复合代动词do so，既可替代“动宾结构”，也可替代“动状”结构。例如： He said he would tell me the news, but he didnt do so. (do so=tell me the

3、news) He smokes a lot. Does his brother do so? (do so=smoke a lot) Do so 有时可以和do that，do it 交替使用。如： A：Sam is supposed to call the meeting. B：No, Peter will do that. My brother said he was going to send a letter of protest to the President. I did it last week.,结论,由上面的例子可以看出，动词替代词do既可替代主动词及其补足成分，也可仅仅替

4、代主动词。前一种替代现象通常只见于肯定结构。在否定结构中便不是动词性替代，而是动词性省略。试比较： A: Does Peter speak French? B: Yes, he does. (does=speaks French) No, he doesnt. (doesnt =doesnt speak French),C)代动词do 还可与连接性副词so搭配，构成两个意义不同的常见句型“So+ do + 主语”和“So + 主语+ do”， 这两个句型常用于简短反应。 1）“So + do + 主语”结构表示“某某人也这样”。例如“ A：I like playing football. B

5、: So do I.(=I like playing football too) So does my brother.(=My brother likes playing football too) So did my father.( =My father liked playing football too) 注意：如果上文表示否定意义而在简短反应中表示同样看法时，则用“Neither/Nor + do + 主语”。 2）“So + 主语 + do ”结构是对别人所说的情况加以肯定，相当于indeed， certainly，表示“不错，对了”。例如“,A: The students wo

6、rk hard. B: So they do.(=Certainly they work hard.) A: Your father smoked a lot . B : So he did (=Certainly I promised.) 注意：当主动词have（作“有”解）用于上面两种简短反应，可有两种形式：一种是用主动词have的一定形式，另一种是用代动词do的一定形式。例如： A：John has a new dictionary. B: Yes, and so have I/so do I. 如果上文谓语动词带有情态助动词will，则用“So +will +主语”和“So+主语+wi

7、ll”。例如： A: Mary will enter the competition. B: So will Jim.,Exercise,1.(2012，63）A: Mother, you promised to take me out. B: Well,- A so do I. B so did I. C so I do. D so I did. 【D】 “So +助动词+主语”结构表示“.也是这样”,Exercise,2.（2009，58)It is going to be fine tomorrow.- A So is it. B So it is. C So it does. D So does it. 【B】 “So +主语 +助动词”表示说话人认同对方的看法。 3.（2008,61）The following are all correct responses to“ Who told the news to the teacher? ”EXCEPT A Jim did this B Jim did so