宾语从句专题.ppt

1、复习句法,复合句 宾语从句,复合句,概念 复合句也称主从句，即主句和从句，从句须有引导词或叫连词引出，否则复合句不成立。 Do you know who is the first man to walk on the moon? 由于连词既起连接主句和从句的作用，表明主从句之间的关系，有的还在从句中充当一定的成份。,初中阶段复合句 1.宾语从句 2.状语从句 3.定语从句,宾语从句,在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾 语，如： I know the man. 而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如： I know that the man is a policeman. ,主句,从句,引导词

2、,宾语从句由关系代词或关系副词引出。 我们根据引导宾语从句的连词不同，可把宾语从句分为三类。 1、以that引导的宾语从句。 如：I hear that you have passed the examination. 2、以连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。 如：Please tell me how you can get here. 3、以if 和whether引导的宾语从句。 如：I dont know if you can come tomorrow.,一. 宾语从句的种类,由that引导的宾语从句。 that只有语法作用，没有实在的意义，在口语和非正式文体中可以省略。例如： He s

3、aid (that) he wanted to stay at home. She doesnt know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.,2. 由连接代词who, whom, whose, what, which 连接副词when, where, why, how引导的宾语从句。 这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。例如： Do you know who (whom) they are waiting for? He asked whose handwriting was the bes

4、t. Can you tell me where the No.3 bus stop is? I dont know why the train is late.,3. 由if或whether引导的宾语从句。If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。例如： I want to know if (whether) he lives there. He asked me whether (if) I could help him.,注意一下情况只用whether，不用if。,whether引导的从句常可以与连词or或or not直接连用。如： 正： Let me know whether you

5、 can come or not. 误： Let me know if you can come or not. 2. 当宾语从句提到句首时，只能用whether引导。如： 正： Whether it is true or not, I cant tell. 误： If it is true or not, I cant tell.,3. whether可以引导带to的不定式。如： 正： I dont know whether to accept or refuse. 误： I dont know if to accept or refuse. 4. whether及其引导的成分可放于介词之后

6、，作介词的宾语。如： 正： I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. 误： I worry about if I hurt her feelings.,二. 宾语从句的语序,宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。例如： I hear (that) physics isnt easy. I think (that) you will like this school soon. Can you tell me how I can get to zoo? Please tell me when well have the meeting.,三. 宾语从句的时态

7、,1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句该用什么时态就用什么时态。如： I dont think (that) you are right.,2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如： He asked what time it was. He told me that he was preparing for the sports meet. He asked if you had written to Peter. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soo

8、n.,3. 如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理，其时态常用一般现在时。例如： Our teacher said that January is the first month of the year. Scientists have proved that the earth turns around the sun.,如何改为宾语从句1、选择正确的连接词,1、若从句来源于一个陈述句,那么,连词用that,在口语中that可以省略; They believe that the computer will finally take the place of human beings. (他们相信计算

9、机终将代替人类。) (从句本来就是陈述句) 2、若从句来源于一个一般疑问句,连词则用if 或whether I wonder whether I should say something for him to the headmaster. (我不知道是不是该为他在校长跟前说点什么。) (从句来源于一般问句 3、若从句来源于一个特殊疑问句,则连词就是疑问词 (如what,who,where,when等) He asked me where he could get such medicine. 他问我在哪儿能搞到那样的药。) (从句来源于特殊问句Where can he get such me

10、dicine? ),2. 语序关 陈述句变为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。如： He is an honest boy. The teacher said. The teacher said（that）he was an honest boy. 一般疑问句和特殊疑问句变为宾语从句，语序变为陈述语序。如： Does he work hard？I wonder. I wonder if/whether he works hard. When did he leave？I dont know. I dont know when he left.,3. 时态关 如果主句是现在的时态，从句的时态可

11、根据实际情况而定。如： I have heard（that）he will come back next week. 如果主句是过去的某种时态，那么从句的时态一定要用过去的某种时态。如： He said（that）there were no classes yesterday.,其他问题,A)if和when既能引导时间状语从句，又能引导宾语从句。因此，遇到它们就要认真分析一下。如： If it rains tomorrow，I wont come. （时间状语从句） I dont know if it will rain tomorrow. （宾语从句）,if表示“如果，要是”,if表示“是否

12、”,B)从句的简化 1. 当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay on the ground. She found the wallet lie on the ground. She found that the wallet was lying on the ground. She found the wallet lying on the ground.,2. 当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，pl

13、an，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths. She agreed to help me with my maths.,3. 在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词不定式”结构。如： Can you tell me how I can get to the station？ Can you tell me how to get to the station？,1. Miss Green didnt t

14、ell us _ in 2002. A. where does she live B. Where she lives C. where did she live D. where she lived 【解析】答案：D。,2、Would you please tell me _? A. when did he come home B. where he would play football C. if he had seen the film D. why he didnt watch the game 【解析】答案：D。,3、I dont know when _. will the train leave B. the train will leave C. would the train leave D. the train leave 【解析】答案：B。,4. -We dont know _. -It is said that he was born in Sweden. what he is B. if he lives here C. where he comes from